INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF SUBNUCLEAR PHYSICS IN SEARCH FOR THE UNEXPECTED
57th Course – ERICE-SICILY: 21 – 30 June 2019 The LAA Project
Peter Jenny gave a beautifull lecture on the history of LHC and ATLAS and lots of physics results and he also mentioned the LAA R&D project
Tom Taylor presented details from the GRANADA Meeting in May this year and on the European Strategy for Particle Physics
We also learned during this school much about neutrino physics, gravitation waves, other laboratories such as Gran Sasso, FAIR and last but not least on Theory and excellent presentations of students
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 1 INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF SUBNUCLEAR PHYSICS IN SEARCH FOR THE UNEXPECTED
57th Course – ERICE-SICILY: 21 – 30 June 2019 The LAA Project
The LAA Project was initiated by Prof. A. Zichichi, funded by the Italian Government and implemented at CERN in 1986. The idea of the LAA project was to perform technology R&D as an independent research program with its own, independent funding to prepare for Large Scientific Projects & Technologies
The goal for Prof. Zichichi was always to get access to new physics
Short reminder of the experimental techniques in high energy physics before 1980
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 2 PAPLEP (Proton-AntiProton into LEpton Pairs)experimental set-up ( Zichichi group) OMEGA spectrometer 1982
UA 2 SPS - ppbar Big European Bubble Chamber
6/28/2019 ISSP June 2018 Horst Wenninger 3 30 years later
2012
6/28/2019 ISSP June 2018 Horst Wenninger 4 6/28/2019 5 6/28/2019 6 LAA Silicon strip and pixel detectors and readout electronics
6/28/2019 7 Topics
• 1. The LAA project: short history and review
• 2. From LAA to DRDC to EU project
• 3. The LAA training & education aspects
• 4. CERN and new opportunities
• 5. The LAA and the New Manhattan Project
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 8 A recommendations of the ..
ECFA – LEP Working Group Progress Report
Chairman: A ZICHICHI
paved the way to LEP & LHC
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 9 CERN did not get Project Funds for LEP / LHC
from 1980 to 1989 the CERN resources were mainly dedicated to Construction and Infrastructure works for the LEP Tunnel
for the LEP project and SPS-ppbar
not much was left for other activities The ISR, all bubble chambers,the OMEGA spectrometer, several fixed target experiments etc. had to be closed to free resources for LEP construction
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 10 EXAMPLE 4: Timescales of Civil construction LEP LHC at CERN
The Big Dig : the excavation of the LEP Digging a cavern for a titan. tunnel was the most formidable civil- Point 1 (pour Atlas) engineering venture in the history of CERN and Europe's largest civil-engineering project prior to the Channel Tunnel.
1983 - 1988 1998 - 2005 The LAA Project was initiated by Prof. A. Zichichi, funded by the Italian Government and implemented at CERN in 1986.
6/28/20196/15/20 18 ERICE18 Jun ISSP2019e 2017 H .Horst Wenn Wenningeringer 7 12 In the particular case of the Large Hadron Collider the goal of the project was to prove the feasibility of new detector technologies that could be used in experiments of multi-TeV hadron collider
R&D goals were : Development of new technologies meeting requirements for the detectors such as: radiation tolerance hermeticity rate capability track & space resolution momentum resolution time resolution particle identification
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 13 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 14 The LAA Project consisted of 11 sub-projects
High precision tracking Calorimetry Large area muon detection devices Leading particle detection Data acqiusition and analysis
The LAA project was open to all physicists and engineers. The project was presented in an open presentation at CERN in June 1987 and subsequently to CERN’s Research Board
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 15 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 16 The impact of LAA on the LHC Detectors Has been outlined in talks and books and this year in the EPJ – History Journal
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 17 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 18 INTRODUCTION
• 1. The LAA project: short history and review
• 2. some outstanding achievements of LAA
• 3. The LAA training & education aspects
• 4. CERN and new opportunities
• 5. LHC and what next ?
• 5. The LAA and the New Manhattan Project
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 19
1988 –> 2013 Chips paved t he road t o t he Higgs boson in LHC
within the LAA project CERN initiated use of self-designed ASICs for particle physics experiments
Erik HEIJNE IEAP-CTU & CERN EP Department Erice School 15 June 2018
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 20 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 21 SPECIFIC EXAMPLE: MICRO-ELECTRONICS
the basis for the CERN micro-electronics group goes back to the implementation of the LAA project.
Now part of the EP-ESE Elecronics Systems for Experiments Group under F. Vasey with EP-ESE-BE Back-End Systems Section S. Baron EP-ESE-FE Front-End Systems Section K. Wyllie EP-ESE-ME Microelectronics Section M. Campbell
In the past under A. Marchioro,(former Mike Letheren group)
It allowed to built-up the know-how at CERN by recruitment of professional electronic engineers ( Example M. Campbell, recruited by LAA )
It allowed to finance new hardware & software tools required for the development/design of micro-electronics, silicon strip and pixel detectors
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 22 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 23 Two decades of microelectronics at CERN enabled by the LAA project.
In 1988, the AMPLEX multiplexed read-out chip used in UA2
Hybrid pixel devices, with a read-out chip “bump bonded” to the detector, were used in WA97 in the mid-1990s.
By 2002, CERN had developed a bump-bonded 8000-channel pixel for the ALICE silicon-pixel detector at the LHC.
Hybrid-pixel vertex detectors are now installed in the ALICE, ATLAS and
CMS experiments at the LHC and the same technology is being used in the photon detectors in LHCb’s ring-imaging Cherenkov detectors.
CERN Courier March 2014 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 24 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 25 O u t l i n e
t h e
b o o k
a r
6/28/2019 t ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 26 i c As quoted in Erik Heijne’s ISSNP talk
“There's plenty of room at the bottom” citation by Richard P. Feynman 1959, APS at Caltech in his public lecture on Micromachines
Feynman’s words inspired the new field of
nanotechnology micro nano pico : we must go on reducing! semiconductors – transistors - micro (nano) - electronics , FinFet devices
Pixel shrinkage and the trend in resolution in the market for mobile telephones: higher resolution images and smaller module size. (Wonchul Choi et al., Samsung).
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 28 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 29 Segmented silicon detectors Thanks to Educators, Collaborators and Supporters In the LAA project, Heijne and his group of engineers tested the detector in beams. The first publications appeared at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Nuclear Science Symposium in 1989 and 1991. This meeting is widely regarded as the most important annual
radiation instrumentation1980 CERN / ENERTEC Strasbourgconference. 100 x 4000µm x 200µm ~1965 Jarron, Burger, CSEM, Kemmer PHILIPS-Amsterdam 100 x 1370µm x 1370µm Ammerlaan, van Dantzig, Visschers 1989-2000 Pixel detectors developed at CERN smallest pixel side ~50µm Campbell, Snoeys, LAA, IMEC, ETHZ, EPFL, RD19, Omega, Medipix 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 30 ATLAS inner Si pixel layer
Erik HEIJNE IEAP-CTU & CERN EP Department Erice School 15 June 2018 source: CERN- ATLAS
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 31 Erik Heijne: message in his talk at the conference Physics experiments should use recent industrial Si technology (<20nm) and achieve: - lower power for same functions - ps timing - more on-chip memory - multilayer information processing - higher rates, better data, ….. - economy of scale 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 32 SPECIFIC EXAMPLE: Detector R&D 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 33 Intense detector R&D examples
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 34 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 35 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 36 THE DETECTOR TECHNOLOGY The detector technology is also under intense R&D since the synchronization needed is at a very high level of precision. The basic point is that our instruments must allow us to measure, as precisely as possible, the properties of all subnuclear particles coming out from the QGCW. One of these properties is the Time-Of-Flight (TOF).
THE MULTIGAP RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBER – MRPC – the base of TOF
376/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger SPECIFIC EXAMPLE: Superconduction magnet R&D
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 38 Latest CERN R&D : Successful tests of a cooler way to transport electricit
A new superconducting electrical transmission line for the High-Luminosity LHC uses new materials, a new cooling system and unprecedented technologies
30 April, 2019 By Camille Monnin
Tests began last year and the line has transported 40 000 amps. This is 20 times more than what is possible at room temperature with ordinary copper cables of a similar cross-section. The line is composed of superconducting cables made from magnesium diboride (MgB2) and offers no resistance, enabling it to transport much higher current densities than ordinary cables, without any loss. The snag is that, in order to function in a superconducting state, the cables must be cooled to a temperature of 25 K (- 248°C) Amalia Ballarino
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 39 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 40
The LAA Project was extended by Council in 1996 From 1990 to 1996 the LAA Project was complemented by a CERN Detector R&D.
More then 350 publications Participation in 8 major RD proposals
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 41 A workshop at ERICE on the technology of particle accelerators and detectors marked the revival of an EPS group TIG, focusing on innovative areas and potential spin-offs. It also highlighted the importance of the LAA Project initiated by Prof. A. Zichichi to establish microelectronics and pixel detectors at CERN for the LHC experiments. CERN Courier April 2013
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 42 https://indico.cern.ch/event/261667/contributions/581171/attachments/462124/640469 med_app_english_2_lowres.pdf
The mission of CERN
Research Innovation
Push forward the frontiers of Develop new technologies for knowledge accelerators, detectors, computing
Education Uniting people
Train the scientists and engineers From different countries and of tomorrow cultures
Manuela.Cirilli@cern.ch 2
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 43 Courtesy: John Womersley talk at the Royal Institutions 2019
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 44 CERN technologies
Tumour target Hadron therapy
Accelerate particle beams
Medical imaging
Detect particles
Grid computing for medical data management and analysis Large scale Computing (Grid) [email protected] 6 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 45 What can CERN do for medical applications
Provider of Know-how and Technologies Design studies for Hadron Therapy facilities Scintillating crystals for PET scanners Fast detector readout electronics for counting mode CT Grid middleware for Mammogrid, Health-e-Child
Training centre Coordinator of large multidisciplinary EC-ITN funded programmes, e.g. Particle Training Network for European Radiotherapy (PARTNER), ENTERVISION, EndoTOFPET-US…
Driving force for collaboration Coordinator of the European Network for Light Ion Hadron Therapy (ENLIGHT) Platform M [email protected] 52 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 46 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 47 Basic concepts for a SOUTH-EAST EUROPE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES (SEEIIST)
January 15, 2018
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 48 Crystal Clear
New scintillating materials LuAP, phoswich LuAP-LSO (CERN patent) Other crystals New photodetectors (Avalanche PhotoDiodes) New low noise electronics
New intelligent DAQ systems with pipeline and parallel architectures better simulation GEANT 4 better reconstruction algorithms
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 49 Crispin Williams
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 50 MEDIPIX
High Energy Physics original development: Particle track detectors Allows counting of single photons in contrast to traditional charge integrating devices like film or CCD Main properties: Fully digital device Very high space resolution Very fast photon counting Good conversion efficiency of low energy X-rays
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 51 CERN Courier April 2013
...... Another highlight was the talk by Michael Campbell of CERN on the incredible success story of the Medipix chip, which started in the days of the LAA project at CERN, driven by requirements for the LHC experiments for a hybrid-pixel detector.
Cos’è Medipix
an electronic chip similar to the electronic imaging chip in a digital camera sensitive to xrays instead of visible light. it can create the first true colour images with x-rays. it permits us to move from black and white x-ray images to full colour x-ray images. can be read out very rapidly. allows the use of the chip for colour x-ray digital movies or for fast colour x-ray CT scans
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 52 Special Symposium @ CERN to mark 20 years of the Medipix2 Collaboration - 18 September 2019
-76- 76 Historical perspective Erik Heijne (Czech Technical University (CZ))
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 53 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 54 INTRODUCTION
• 1. The LAA project: short history and review
• 2. some outstanding achievements of LAA
• 3. The LAA traing & education aspects
• 4. CERN and new opportunities
• 5. The LAA and the New Manhattan Project
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 55 CERN Annual Report
Slide fro my last years presentation CERN staff reduction to provide resources for the Tunnel infrastructure Very expensive “early retirement “program
6/28/20196/15/2018 ERICE18 Ju ISSP2019ne 2017 Horst H. W Wenningerenninger 5610 A specific and essential advantages of the LAA project was that CERN was allowed to recruit
over 40 LAA staff-members technicians-engineers-physicists entirely concentration on R&D for the forthcoming collider preoject and in addition over 80 unpaid scientists worked for the project
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 57 Statistiques du personnel dans le temps
Évolution du nombre de titulaires, de boursiers et de membres du personnel associés ces dix dernières années
12 763 Programme trimestriel d’entrée en fonctions
9 121 pour les nouveaux arrivants désormais ouvert aux utilisateurs (programme d'intégration)
2 667 2 377 1 889 395 371 839
Plus de 1 700 jeunes formés au CERN en 2018 Première discussion ouverte avec la Direction (débat public) le 29 novembre 2017 à Un grand nomb re de retours (merci!) à Prochaine édition: le 19 mars à 15h. Les sujets à l'ordre du jour seront choisis sur la base des réponses à un questionnaire qui sera envoyé prochainement à tous les membres du personnel.
From New Year presentation, Fabiola Gianotti and the Directorate, 15 January 2019 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 58 CERN runs schools with EMFCSC (at Erice and elsewhere) for Accelerators – Detectors - Computing
CERN Accelerator School at ERICE Subnuclear Physics School at ERICE
EPS R&D experiments at ERICE
6/28/2019 Thomas Taylor Erice 19-24 August 59 Courtesy: Giancarlo Righini Centro Fermi
EEE Project: Schools’ Map 2014 red – operating telescopes
blue – waiting list 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 61 CERN SCIENCE GATEWAY
LARGE SCIENCE CENTER IN GERMANY
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 62 FAIR ….
63 See also talk by Tom Taylor 6/28/2019 ISSP 2016 H. Wenninger 64 What is ATTRACT -2020?
6/28/2019 ISSP 2016 H. Wenninger 65 Another topic concerned EU Horizon 2020
Projects similar to the model of CERN Openlab or the ATTRACT/ERDIT initiative of the ATLAS collaboration are clearly in line with these requirements, allowing the distribution and management of related Horizon 2020 funding on behalf of the EU as part of its efforts to externalize funding. https://attract-eu.com/the-project/
June 2019: The EU-funded programme announces successful proposals in its call for projects. ATTRACT funding is awarded to 170 breakthrough projects:
CERN scientists are involved in 19 of the projects selected !
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 66 http://acceleratingnews.web.cern.ch/
http://www.eu-tiara.org/ The importance of accelerator R&D was emphasized in the European Strategy for Particle Physics established in 2006 and its update in 2013. Up to now, 19 FP6, FP7 and H2020 large projects have been launched in the past 14 years for a total budget exceeding 300 M€ out of which more than a third was provided by the EC. Though this represents a limited fraction (which would need to be increased in FP9) of the overall R&D effort carried out in Europe, it has been instrumental to enhance further the collaboration between CERN, national laboratories and universities
Education and trainung survey
http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1442599/files/TIARA-REP-WP5-2012-006.pdf
The TIARA consortium is governed by a MoU signed by CEA (France), CERN (International Organization), CNRS (France), CIEMAT (Spain), DESY (Germany), GSI (Germany), INFN (Italy), PSI (Switzerland), STFC (UK), Uppsala University (Sweden), Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics (Poland)
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 67 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 68 CERN provides the operational centre support and infrastructure for the on-going LAA project Existing LAA building and well equipped laboratories - CERN, a centre of excellence and appreciated international laboratory, home of 15’000 scientists, has enlarged its mission over past decades beyond purely basic particle physics research.
CERN activities cover a broad spectrum of research, technology, collaboration, education and culture.
CERN explores synergies between physics and physics spin-offs to fight disease with at present a focus on radiobiology, accelerators, radioisotope production, detectors and use of IT, topics also of the « Project for Mankind ».
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 69 Major IT companies are part of the collaboration and in 2018 Google and Micron announce that they are joining CERN
CERN celebrated 30 years of the WEB The World Wide Web provides seamless access to in- formation that is stored in many millions of different geographical locations. The grid is an infrastructure that provides seamless access to computing power and data storage capacity distributed over the globe. The grid now extends into the Cloud, and today a European Cloud Computing partnership starts with big science teaming up with big business.
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 70 “Higgs” Boson La recherche et la découverte 4. Juli 2012
Nous avons une découverte !
6/28/2019 71 A ce stade, toutes les mesures sont compatibles avec l’observation du Boson de Higgs qui consolide le Modèle Standard des Particules
De nombreuses autres mesures pour confronter le Modèle Standard donnent un excellent accord
“for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider”
Stockholm, 10 décembre 2013 6/28/2019 72 INTRODUCTION
• 1. The LAA project: short history and review
• 2. some outstanding achievements of LAA
• 3. The LAA traing & education aspects
• 4. CERN and new opportunities • 5. The LAA and the New Manhattan Project • 6. LHC and what next ?
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 73 OPENING LECTURE ANTONINO ZICHICHI
We should be prepared with powerful experimental instruments, technologically at the frontier of our knowledge to discover Totally Unexpected Events
ERICE: 24 JUNE – 3 JULY 2014 INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF SUBNUCLEAR PHYSICS IN SEARCH FOR THE UNEXPECTED
From E. Fermi, preparatory notes for a talk on given to the American Physical Society, NY, Jan. 29th 1954 “What can we learn with High Energy Accelerators ? ”
Fabiola Gianotti (CERN) 2016 European School of HEP Norway, 24/6/2016
WhatWhat we can learn – impossible to guess …. Main element surprise ---- some things look for but see others ....
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 75 Stratégie pour le future ?
Look at all the talks on theory on the Granada meeting web side and at this school
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 76 FCC : Future Collisionneur Circulaire J. Osborne, C. Waaijer, CERN, ARUP & GADZ, submitted to European Strategy Symposium 2012
VHE-LHC (&TLEP)
6/28/2019 77 https://indico.cern.ch/event/808335/timetable/#20190513.detailed
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 78 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 79 FCC integrated project technical schedule
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 15 years 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 ~ 25 years 70 operation operation LHC run 3 LS 3 LHC run 4 LS4 LHC run 5 LS5 LHC run 6 Project preparation & administrative Update Permis- processes Permission sions Funding & , governance strategy Funding FCC-ee Geological investigations, dismantling, CE & infrastructure detailed Tunnel, site and technical Particle Physicists will need to makeinfrastructure their case design and tendering infrastructure construction adaptations FCC- preparation for a new major largeFCC -scalehh hhproject accelerator FCC-ee accelerator FCC-hh accelerator FCC-ee accelerator R&D and technical R&D and construction, installation, construction, installation, design technical to convincecommissioning politicians, society,commissioning design FCC-ee FCC-hh detector and moreFCC-ee detector and more alsoFCC -hh detector Detector R&D and detector R&D, technical construction, installation, construction, installation, concept development technical design, commissioning commissioning scientists of competing basicdesign research fields collaboratio ns SC wire and 16 T 16 T dipole magnet R&D, model magnet Superconducting wire and high-field magnet R&D magnets, prototypes, series preseries production FCC integrated project is fully aligned with HL-LHC exploitation and provides for seamless continuation of HEP in Europe with highest performance EW factory followed by highest energy hadron collider. LAA came in the right moment in addition to many contribution to physics and successful initiatives
The foundation of the
Ettore Majorana Centre of Science and Culture where tens of thousands of scientists in every field have exhibited their work over the past thirty years.
World Laboratory ( scholarships ) opened the doors to young scientists from Asia, Africa and Latin America through a scholarship programme
Gran Sasso Laboratory Construction 30years ago Excavation beganin1982 start experiments 1987
Fermi Institute the EEE – school project Strong supporter of major labs and projects CERN - LEP, HERA, LHC, Science & Peace initiatives , Project for Mankind …and .. and .. and ..
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 81 Thank you for your attention
6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 82