INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF SUBNUCLEAR PHYSICS IN SEARCH FOR THE UNEXPECTED 57th Course – ERICE-SICILY: 21 – 30 June 2019 The LAA Project Peter Jenny gave a beautifull lecture on the history of LHC and ATLAS and lots of physics results and he also mentioned the LAA R&D project Tom Taylor presented details from the GRANADA Meeting in May this year and on the European Strategy for Particle Physics We also learned during this school much about neutrino physics, gravitation waves, other laboratories such as Gran Sasso, FAIR and last but not least on Theory and excellent presentations of students 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 1 INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF SUBNUCLEAR PHYSICS IN SEARCH FOR THE UNEXPECTED 57th Course – ERICE-SICILY: 21 – 30 June 2019 The LAA Project The LAA Project was initiated by Prof. A. Zichichi, funded by the Italian Government and implemented at CERN in 1986. The idea of the LAA project was to perform technology R&D as an independent research program with its own, independent funding to prepare for Large Scientific Projects & Technologies The goal for Prof. Zichichi was always to get access to new physics Short reminder of the experimental techniques in high energy physics before 1980 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 2 PAPLEP (Proton-AntiProton into LEpton Pairs)experimental set-up ( Zichichi group) OMEGA spectrometer 1982 UA 2 SPS - ppbar Big European Bubble Chamber 6/28/2019 ISSP June 2018 Horst Wenninger 3 30 years later 2012 6/28/2019 ISSP June 2018 Horst Wenninger 4 6/28/2019 5 6/28/2019 6 LAA Silicon strip and pixel detectors and readout electronics 6/28/2019 7 Topics • 1. The LAA project: short history and review • 2. From LAA to DRDC to EU project • 3. The LAA training & education aspects • 4. CERN and new opportunities • 5. The LAA and the New Manhattan Project 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 8 A recommendations of the .. ECFA – LEP Working Group Progress Report Chairman: A ZICHICHI paved the way to LEP & LHC 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 9 CERN did not get Project Funds for LEP / LHC from 1980 to 1989 the CERN resources were mainly dedicated to Construction and Infrastructure works for the LEP Tunnel for the LEP project and SPS-ppbar not much was left for other activities The ISR, all bubble chambers,the OMEGA spectrometer, several fixed target experiments etc. had to be closed to free resources for LEP construction 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 10 EXAMPLE 4: Timescales of Civil construction LEP LHC at CERN The Big Dig : the excavation of the LEP Digging a cavern for a titan. tunnel was the most formidable civil- Point 1 (pour Atlas) engineering venture in the history of CERN and Europe's largest civil-engineering project prior to the Channel Tunnel. 1983 - 1988 1998 - 2005 The LAA Project was initiated by Prof. A. Zichichi, funded by the Italian Government and implemented at CERN in 1986. 6/28/20196/15/20 18 ERICE18 Jun ISSP2019e 2017 H .Horst Wenn Wenningeringer 7 12 In the particular case of the Large Hadron Collider the goal of the project was to prove the feasibility of new detector technologies that could be used in experiments of multi-TeV hadron collider R&D goals were : Development of new technologies meeting requirements for the detectors such as: radiation tolerance hermeticity rate capability track & space resolution momentum resolution time resolution particle identification 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 13 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 14 The LAA Project consisted of 11 sub-projects High precision tracking Calorimetry Large area muon detection devices Leading particle detection Data acqiusition and analysis The LAA project was open to all physicists and engineers. The project was presented in an open presentation at CERN in June 1987 and subsequently to CERN’s Research Board 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 15 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 16 The impact of LAA on the LHC Detectors Has been outlined in talks and books and this year in the EPJ – History Journal 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 17 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 18 INTRODUCTION • 1. The LAA project: short history and review • 2. some outstanding achievements of LAA • 3. The LAA training & education aspects • 4. CERN and new opportunities • 5. LHC and what next ? • 5. The LAA and the New Manhattan Project 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 19 1988 –> 2013 Chips paved t he road t o t he Higgs boson in LHC within the LAA project CERN initiated use of self-designed ASICs for particle physics experiments Erik HEIJNE IEAP-CTU & CERN EP Department Erice School 15 June 2018 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 20 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 21 SPECIFIC EXAMPLE: MICRO-ELECTRONICS the basis for the CERN micro-electronics group goes back to the implementation of the LAA project. Now part of the EP-ESE Elecronics Systems for Experiments Group under F. Vasey with EP-ESE-BE Back-End Systems Section S. Baron EP-ESE-FE Front-End Systems Section K. Wyllie EP-ESE-ME Microelectronics Section M. Campbell In the past under A. Marchioro,(former Mike Letheren group) It allowed to built-up the know-how at CERN by recruitment of professional electronic engineers ( Example M. Campbell, recruited by LAA ) It allowed to finance new hardware & software tools required for the development/design of micro-electronics, silicon strip and pixel detectors 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 22 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 23 Two decades of microelectronics at CERN enabled by the LAA project. In 1988, the AMPLEX multiplexed read-out chip used in UA2 Hybrid pixel devices, with a read-out chip “bump bonded” to the detector, were used in WA97 in the mid-1990s. By 2002, CERN had developed a bump-bonded 8000-channel pixel for the ALICE silicon-pixel detector at the LHC. Hybrid-pixel vertex detectors are now installed in the ALICE, ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC and the same technology is being used in the photon detectors in LHCb’s ring-imaging Cherenkov detectors. CERN Courier March 2014 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 24 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 25 O u t l i n e t h e b o o k a r 6/28/2019 t ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 26 i c As quoted in Erik Heijne’s ISSNP talk “There's plenty of room at the bottom” citation by Richard P. Feynman 1959, APS at Caltech in his public lecture on Micromachines Feynman’s words inspired the new field of nanotechnology micro nano pico : we must go on reducing! semiconductors – transistors - micro (nano) - electronics , FinFet devices Pixel shrinkage and the trend in resolution in the market for mobile telephones: higher resolution images and smaller module size. (Wonchul Choi et al., Samsung). 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 28 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 29 Segmented silicon detectors Thanks to Educators, Collaborators and Supporters In the LAA project, Heijne and his group of engineers tested the detector in beams. The first publications appeared at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Nuclear Science Symposium in 1989 and 1991. This meeting is widely regarded as the most important annual radiation instrumentation1980 CERN / ENERTEC Strasbourgconference. 100 x 4000µm x 200µm ~1965 Jarron, Burger, CSEM, Kemmer PHILIPS-Amsterdam 100 x 1370µm x 1370µm Ammerlaan, van Dantzig, Visschers 1989-2000 Pixel detectors developed at CERN smallest pixel side ~50µm Campbell, Snoeys, LAA, IMEC, ETHZ, EPFL, RD19, Omega, Medipix 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 30 ATLAS inner Si pixel layer Erik HEIJNE IEAP-CTU & CERN EP Department Erice School 15 June 2018 source: CERN- ATLAS 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 31 Erik Heijne: message in his talk at the conference Physics experiments should use recent industrial Si technology (<20nm) and achieve: - lower power for same functions - ps timing - more on-chip memory - multilayer information processing - higher rates, better data, ….. - economy of scale 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 32 SPECIFIC EXAMPLE: Detector R&D 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 33 Intense detector R&D examples 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 34 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 35 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 36 THE DETECTOR TECHNOLOGY The detector technology is also under intense R&D since the synchronization needed is at a very high level of precision. The basic point is that our instruments must allow us to measure, as precisely as possible, the properties of all subnuclear particles coming out from the QGCW. One of these properties is the Time-Of-Flight (TOF). THE MULTIGAP RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBER – MRPC – the base of TOF 376/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger SPECIFIC EXAMPLE: Superconduction magnet R&D 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 38 Latest CERN R&D : Successful tests of a cooler way to transport electricit A new superconducting electrical transmission line for the High-Luminosity LHC uses new materials, a new cooling system and unprecedented technologies 30 April, 2019 By Camille Monnin Tests began last year and the line has transported 40 000 amps. This is 20 times more than what is possible at room temperature with ordinary copper cables of a similar cross-section. The line is composed of superconducting cables made from magnesium diboride (MgB2) and offers no resistance, enabling it to transport much higher current densities than ordinary cables, without any loss. The snag is that, in order to function in a superconducting state, the cables must be cooled to a temperature of 25 K (- 248°C) Amalia Ballarino 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 39 6/28/2019 ERICE ISSP2019 Horst Wenninger 40 The LAA Project was extended by Council in 1996 From 1990 to 1996 the LAA Project was complemented by a CERN Detector R&D.