The Reception of European Female Authors in Slovenian Territory from the Beginning of the 19Th Century Until the End of World War I
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UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA GRADUATE SCHOOL RECEPTION OF EUROPEAN WOMEN WRITERS IN SLOVENIAN MULTICULTURAL TERRITORY OF THE 19TH CENTURY UNTIL THE END OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR DISSERTATION Tanja Badalič Mentor: Assoc. Prof. Katja Mihurko Poniž Nova Gorica, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... 7 2 POVZETEK ......................................................................................................................... 9 3 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 11 4 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................. 18 4.1 Database WomenWriters ....................................................................................... 21 5 THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL SITUATION IN THE SLOVENIAN ETHNIC TERRITORY IN THE 19TH CENTURY AND UNTIL THE END OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR ............................... 23 5.1 The Multicultural Territory..................................................................................... 23 5.2 Foreign Influences on Slovenian Culture and Literature........................................ 25 5.3 The Appearance of Women in Public Life and their Role ...................................... 28 5.4 The Disseminating Role of Periodical Press and Lending Libraries ........................ 33 6 WOMEN WRITERS: HISTORY, LITERARY FIELD, PORTRAITS ........................................... 37 6.1 Women Writers in History ..................................................................................... 37 6.2 Women Writers and the Literary Field .................................................................. 42 6.3 Portraits of Female Authors ................................................................................... 47 6.3.1 George Sand (1804–1876).............................................................................. 49 6.3.2 Charlotte Brontë (1816–1855) ....................................................................... 54 6.3.3 Empress Elisabeth of Austria (1837–1898) .................................................... 56 6.3.4 Carmen Sylva (1843–1916) ............................................................................ 58 6.3.5 Fernán Caballero (1796–1877) ....................................................................... 60 6.3.6 Ida von Hahn-Hahn (1805–1880) ................................................................... 61 6.3.7 Eugenie Marlitt (1825–1887) ......................................................................... 63 6.3.8 Božena Němcová (1820?–1862) .................................................................... 66 6.3.9 Gabriela Preissová (1862–1946) .................................................................... 67 6.3.10 Maria Konopnicka (1842–1910) ..................................................................... 69 6.3.11 Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841–1910) ....................................................................... 71 6.3.12 Karolina Světlá (1830–1899) .......................................................................... 72 3 6.3.13 Ada Negri (1870–1945) .................................................................................. 74 6.3.14 Fredrika Bremer (1801–1865) ........................................................................ 77 6.4 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 78 7 LITERARY DISTRIBUTION ................................................................................................ 80 7.1 Periodical press in Slovenian territory of the long 19th century ............................ 82 7.1.1 Literary Works of Female Authors in Periodical Press ................................... 87 7.1.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 118 7.2 Lending Libraries and Private Collections ............................................................ 120 7.2.1 Janez Giontini’s Catalogues (1846, 1851, 1853, 1856, 1860, 1861, 1865) ... 122 7.2.2 Hedwig von Radics’ Catalogue (1898) .......................................................... 123 7.2.3 Leopold Paternolli’s Catalogues (1833, 1834, 1854) .................................... 125 7.2.4 The Catalogue of the Public Library of the General Women’s Society (1905) ... ...................................................................................................................... 125 7.2.5 The Catalogue of the Public Library of Economic and Educational Society for Court District in Ljubljana (1916) ................................................................. 126 7.2.6 Francesco Grisoni’s and Janko Kersnik’s Private Collections ....................... 127 7.2.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 128 7.3 The Repertoire of the Slovenian Theatres from the 19th Century ....................... 129 7.4 Translations .......................................................................................................... 131 7.4.1 Stand-Alone Publications ............................................................................. 135 7.4.2 (Serialized) Publications in Periodicals ......................................................... 141 7.4.3 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 145 8 RECEPTION OF EUROPEAN FEMALE AUTHORS IN SLOVENIAN LITERARY WORKS ....... 147 8.1 The Pattern of the Sentimental Novel ................................................................. 150 8.2 George Sand (1804–1876) .................................................................................... 152 8.2.1 Pavlina Pajk (1854–1901) ............................................................................. 152 8.2.2 Josip Jurčič (1844–1881) .............................................................................. 159 8.2.3 Josip Stritar (1836–1923) ............................................................................. 160 4 8.3 Quotations, Paraphrases, Works and Names of European Authors in Slovenian Works ...................................................................................................................... 161 8.3.1 Eugenie Marlitt (1825–1887) ....................................................................... 161 8.3.2 Madame de Staël (1766–1817) .................................................................... 164 8.3.3 Selma Lagerlöf (1858–1940) ........................................................................ 164 8.3.4 Gabriele Reuter (1859–1941) ....................................................................... 165 8.3.5 Ada Christen (1839–1901) ........................................................................... 165 8.3.6 Luise Mühlbach (1814–1873) ....................................................................... 166 8.3.7 Caroline Pichler (1769–1843) ....................................................................... 166 8.3.8 Laura Marholm (1854–1928) ....................................................................... 167 8.3.9 Adélaïde de Montgolfier (1789–1880) ......................................................... 168 8.4 Presumable Influence of European Female Authors on Slovenian Authors ........ 169 8.4.1 Betty Paoli (1814–1894) ............................................................................... 169 8.4.2 Ada Negri (1870–1945) ................................................................................ 170 8.4.3 Božena Němcová (1820?–1862) .................................................................. 171 8.4.4 Sophie Cottin (1770–1807) .......................................................................... 172 8.4.5 Charlotte Brontë (1816–1855) ..................................................................... 173 8.4.6 Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni (1713–1792) ......................................................... 174 8.5 The Presumable Influence of Greek Metrics on Slovenian Poetry ...................... 175 8.5.1 Corinna (6th century BC) ............................................................................... 175 8.5.2 Sappho (c. 6th/7th century BC) ...................................................................... 175 8.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 176 9 CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................. 179 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................... 187 10.1 Electronic Sources ................................................................................................ 197 11 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................. 198 12 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. 219 5 6 1 ABSTRACT In Slovenian territory as well as in other European countries the significance and role of women writers in the past have been often overlooked. The main goal of this dissertation is thus to scrutinize the reception of European female authors within the Slovenian territory from the beginning