Design of Tugboat
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Sudan University of Science and technology College of Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Production Department Design of Tugboat A Project Submitted in Partial fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree B.Sc. (Honor) in mechanical Engineering Prepared by: Ahmed Adel Awad Bilal Ahmed Jamal Mukhtar Ahmed Mamdoh Mohylden Edrees Supervisor: Ustaz. Alsiddig Abdelazim October 2017 ﻗﺎل ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ: ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﱠﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﻴﺭﻜﹸﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﺒﺤﺭﹺ ﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﺇِﺫﹶﺍ ﻜﹸﻨﹾﺘﹸﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﹸﻠﹾﻙ ﻭﺠﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﹺﻬﹺﻡ ﺒﹺﺭﹺﻴﺢﹴ ﻁﹶﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﻓﹶﺭﹺﺤﻭﺍ ﺒﹺﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺘﹾﻬﺎ ﺭﹺﻴﺢ ﻋﺎﺼﻑﹲ ﻭﺠﺎﺀﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﻜﹸلﱢ ﻤﻜﹶﺎﻥﹴ ﻭﻅﹶﻨﱡﻭﺍ ﺃَﻨﱠﻬﻡ ﺃُﺤﻴﻁﹶ ﺒﹺﻬﹺﻡ ﺩﻋﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻤﺨﹾﻠﺼﻴﻥ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻟﹶﺌِﻥ ﺃَﻨﹾﺠﻴﺘﹶﻨﹶﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻟﹶﻨﹶﻜﹸﻭﻨﹶﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﱠﺎﻜﺭﹺﻴﻥ ﺼﺩﻕ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ ﺍﻻﻴﻪ 22 Acknowledgment Firstly, we would like to thank Allah, who blessed us with wiling to accomplish this project we are so grateful to him for his help. When we express our sincere grated to our supervisor T.alseedig abduelazim for the continuous support, for motivation, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped us in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. Beside our supervisions, we would like to thank the department of mechanical engineering for their insightful comments and encouragement, but also for the hard question which helped us to widen our research from from various perspectives. We thank engineer Ahmed Abdlamajed Shareef Aldeen for his help. Dedication We dedicate this humble effort to our sweet and loving families whose untiring support and assistance have made possible fruition to our efforts whose affection, love, encouragement and prays of day and night make us able to get such success and honor. To our friends and classmates for their cooperation while conducting the project. To respected teachers in school of mechanical engineering. ABSTRACT In this research, have reduced the number of tugboats driven to a cargo ship (50 thousand tons), by (towing and ship) process and used power of engines to moved, and defeat the resistance force. Sudan has numbers of ports and many of them are used in commercial import/export trades, thus the available tugboats fleet has weight limitations. Which leads to disability in accepting large heavy ships to be moored locally, the main objective of this project is to Design a tugboat that has the ability of maximum towing 50 thousand tons in deep water .the result of this project reduced the number of tugboats driven to a cargo ship (50 thousand tons), by (towing and ship) process and used power of engines to move the ship, and defeat the resistance force. ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﻁﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﺴﻔﻴﻨﻪ ﻜﺘﻠﺘﻬﺎ 50 ﺍﻟﻑ ﻁﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻋﻁﻰ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﺴﻤﺎﺤﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﺴﺤﺏ. NUMBER TITLES PAGES I اﻵﯾﺔ II اﻹھﺪاء Acknowledgment III Abstract IV V اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ Table of Content VI List of Table VII List of Figures VIII CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Problem of Research 2 1.3 Project Importance 3 1.4 Project Aims and Objectives 3 1.5 Project Scope 3 CHAPTER TWO LITRETURE REVIEW 2.1 Tugboat Background 5 2.1.1 Types of Tugboats 5 2.1.1.1 Deep-sea tugs 6 2.1.1.2 Harbour Tugboat 7 2.1.1.3 River Tugboat 9 2.2 Specification of the Tugboat in Sudan 9 2.3 Interaction with Ship 11 2.4 Historical Data & Previous Studies 13 2.4.1 Conventional Tugs 13 2.4.2 Voith Schnider (Tractor Tugs) 13 CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 3.1 Preface 24 3.2 Engine Specifications 25 3.3 Design of Energy and Force Propulsion 27 3.3.1 Kinetic Energy 27 3.3.2 Torque of Engine 27 3.3.3 Impulsive Force 28 3.4 Design of Rope 28 3.5 Resistance of Water 31 3.5.1 Frictional Resistance 31 3.5.2 Residual Resistance 32 3.5.3 Air Resistance 32 3.5.4 Effect of Resistance Force 32 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISSCUTION 4.1 Calculated the Value of Energy and Forces 34 Effects 4.1.1 Kinetic Energy 34 4.1.2 Torque of Engine 34 4.1.3 Impulsive Force 34 4.1.4 Tension Force of Tugboat Rope 34 4.1.5 The Resistance of Water and Air 36 4.1.5.1 Effect of Resistance Force 36 4.2 Tugboat Model by Solidwork Software 37 4.3 Simulation Results 41 4.3.1 The Roller and the Rope 41 4.3.2 Study Results 44 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusions 47 5.2 Recommendations 47 References FIGURE NO. FIGURE PAGE 2.1 Types of Tugboats 5 2.2 Deep Sea Tug 6 2.3 Harbour Tug 8 2.4 River Tug 9 2.5 Tugboat’s Contents 11 2.6 Pressure Zones 12 2.7 Methods of Connecting 15 the Rope 2.8 Luna tugboat 18 2.9 NOKOMIS Tugboat 19 2.10 The PEGASUS Tugboat 20 2.11 SOCONY Tugboat 21 3.2 Caterpillar C-280-12 26 Engine 3.3 HMPE Rope 28 4.2 Tugboat Front View 35 4.3 Tugboat Top View 36 4.4 Tugboat Back View 37 4.5 Tugboat Right View 38 TABLE\CHART NO. TITLE PAGE 2.1 Local in-use tugboats 10 propulsion 3.1 The Design 24 METHODOLOGY 4.1 rope (HMPE) 33 4.2 Towing Parts 39 4.3 Towing Parts 40 Specifications 4.4 Loads and Fixtures 41 4.5 Force Direction 41 4.6 Stress Simulation 42 4.7 Strain Simulation 43 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Introduction Tugboat, small, powerful watercraft designed to perform a variety of functions, especially to tow or push barges and large ships. In 1736 Jonathan Hulls of Gloucestershire, Eng. patented a boat to be powered by a Newcomen steam engine to move large vessels in and out of harbours. The first tugboat actually built was the Charlotte Dundas, powered by a Watt engine and paddle wheel and used on the Forth and Clyde Canal in Scotland. Screw propulsion for tugboats was introduced in the United States about 1850, the diesel engine about 50 years later. Tugs are still indispensable in berthing large ships. Oceangoing tugs are used for salvage missions. Also, moving a ship without the chance of colliding with underwater stones and leftover debris in some ports can be complicated process also, there may not be large spaces for ships to move easily and move around. All these difficulties can be avoided by tugboat transportation. Many tugboats have firefighting monitors, allowing them to assist in firefighting, especially in harbors without the usage of tugs, the anchoring process may become unsafe and can cause serious damages. Added to that, a well-designed tug with a powerful engine has a positive impact in an economical way. 1.2 Problem of Project In Sudan we have numbers of ports and so many of them are used in commercial import/export trades, thus the available tugboats fleet have weight limitationsand the maximum horse power can obtained from a local tug is 4000 Hp. Which leads to disability in accepting large heavy ships to be moored locally. Moreover, that has a negative commercial impact on the import/export process therefore; increasing tugboats capacity and start to consider designing them domestically will help to leap forward in river transportation field. 2 1.3 Project importance The research contributes to the industries sector by constructing tugboats natively. Which can reduce the cost taking in consideration ordering them from foreign companies. It also enhances the river transportation process and increase the maximum capacity of a ship to be towed using a tugboat. Which has an important role in how many tugs are used to tow/push a ship into the port’s mooring area. 1.4 Project Objectives Designing a tugboat that has the ability of maximum towing range of (45~50) thousand tons in deep water using an engine that produces up to (10.800) HP obtained at (900) r.p.m. 1.5 Project Scope Design a (Deep-Sea) configuration tugboat and focus on its towing roller and pushing surface. And run them under simulation conditions to insure the desired capacity. 3 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 4 2.1 Tugboat Background A tugboat is a boat or ship that manoeuvres vessels by pushing or towing them. Tugs move vessels that either should not move by themselves such as ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal, or those that could not move by themselves, such as barges, disabled ships, log rafts, or oil platforms. Tugboats are powerful for their size and strongly built, and some are ocean going. Some tugboats serve as icebreakers or salvage boats. Early tugboats had steam engines, but today most have diesel engines. Many tugboats are equipped with firefighting monitors in order to assist the ship’s crew or the salvage company in controlling a fire on board a passenger liner or ferryboat especially in harbors. A ship on fire is not only a potential dangerous area for inexperienced crew and passengers, but as a result of the fire there could be threat to the marine environment. 2.1.1 Types of Tugboats Fig 2.1: Types of Tugboats 5 2.1.1.1 Deep-sea tugs Seagoing tugs (deep-sea tugs or ocean tugboats) fall into four basic categories: 1. The standard seagoing tug with model bow that tows its "payload" on a hawser. 2. The "notch tug" which can be secured in a notch at the stern of a specially designed barge, effectively making the combination a ship. This configuration is dangerous to use with a barge which is "in ballast" (no cargo) or in a head- or following sea.