ENVIRONMENT in the City of BELGRADE

Korice - Environment in the city of BGD - spolja CMYK

CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE INSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH SECRETARIT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION of BELGRADE Korice - Environment in the city of BGD - unutra CMYK

ISBN 978-86-7550-052-0

CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE SECRETARIT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 27. marta 43-45, Beograd CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE Tel: (011) 32-26-106 SECRETARIT Faks: (011) 32-22-681 E-mail: [email protected] FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Web: www.eko.bg.gov.yu

NSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH of BELGRADE Despota Stefana 54a, Beograd Tel: (011) 207-86-37 БЕОГРАД Faks: (011) 322-78-28 ЧИСТ НАЧИСТО ! Web: www.zdravlje.org.yu www.beoeko.com

Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC) Primorska 31 (entrance from Preradovićeva st.) 11000 Beograd, Srbija NSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH Tel: (011) 32-92-899; 32-92-595; 32- 93-010; 32-93-011 of BELGRADE Faks: (011) 32-93-020 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.recyu.org

CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Народна библиотека Србије

502.175(497.11)”2001/2006”(036)

ENVIRONMENT in the city of Belgrade / [authors Snežana Matić-Besarabić ...[et al.] ; editorial board Marija Grubačević, Snežana Matić-Besarabić ; translater Vesna Dražilović-Dadić]. - Belgrade : The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, Country Office Serbia : Institute of Public Health : Secretariat for Environmental Protection, 2007 (Belgrade : Standard 2). - 42 str. : ilustr. ; 30 cm

Izv. stv. nasl.: Kvalitet životne sredine grada Beograda; odlomci. - Podaci o autorima preuzeti iz kolofona. Tiraž 1.000. - Str. 4: A Word from the Secre- tariat for Environmental Protection / Branislav Božović

ISBN 978-86-7550-052-0 (REC) 1. Matić-Besarabić, Snežana a) Животна средина - Контрола - Београд - 2001-2006 - Водич COBISS.SR-ID 143744012 CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE SECRETARIAT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

ENVIRONMENT in the City of BELGRADE

INSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH of BELGRADE

REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER ENVIRONMENT IN THE CITY OF BELGRADE

Authors: 1. Dr (Mrs) Snežana Matić-Besarabić, MD (IPH) 2. Mrs Milica Gojković, B.Sc. (Eng) 3. Mrs Vojislava Dudić, B.Sc. (Eng) (Institute of Public Health Republic of Serbia „Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“) 4. Mr (Mrs) Gordana Pantelić, M. Sc Physics (Institute for Occupational medicine and radiological protection „Dr Dragomir Karajović“) 5. Dr Miroslav Tanasković MD (IPH) 6. Dr Marina Mandić-Miladinović MD (IPH) 7. Dr Dragan Pajić MD (IPH) 8. Boško Majstorović, B.Sc. (Eng) IPH 9. Dr Milan Milutinović MD (IPH) 10. Mirjana Gucić B.A. (Law), Secretariat for Environmental Protection

Editorial board Mrs Marija Grubačević, B.Sc.(Eng), Secretariat for Environmental Protection Dr (Mrs) Snežana Matić- Besarabić, MD, Institute of Public Health

Publishers Secretariat for Environmental Protection, Belgrade Institute of Public Health of Belgrade The Regional Environmental Center, CO Serbia

For publishers Mr Branislav Božović, B.Sc (Eng), Secretariat for Environmental Protection Mr Slobodan Tošović, M.Sc. MD, Institute of Public Health of Belgrade Mr Milan Dacić, M.Sc. (Met), The Regional Environmental Center, CO Serbia

Translater Mrs Vesna Dražilović-Dadić, B.A. (ling)

Design and prepress Studio Čavka (Nebojša Čović)

Cover Page Design Dragan Djordjević and Tijana Knežević

Printed by Standard 2, Belgrade

ISBN 978-86-7550-052-0 C O N T E N T S

A word from Secretary from The Secretariat for Environmental Protection ...... 4

¤ Belgrade in Brief ...... 5 ¤ Important Dates ...... 6 ¤ Facts about Belgrade ...... 7 ¤ City Administration ...... 8 ¤ City Public Companies and Institutions ...... 9 ¤ Environment ...... 10 ¤ Culture and Art ...... 10 ¤ The Devlopment of Belgrade ...... 11 ¤ Addresses & IMPRINT ...... 11 ¤ Activities of the Secretariat For Environmental Protection ...... 12 ¤ Programs of the control of the quality of the Environment in Belgrade ...... 14 ¤ Permanent Programs and Projects ...... 14 ¤ MID – Term Programs and Projects ...... 15 ¤ Research Studies, Programs and Projects ...... 16 ¤ Environmental impact assessment of Plans and Projects ...... 17 ¤ Other activities ...... 17 ¤ Monitoring Programs ...... 18 ¤ Air quality Control – Objectives ...... 18 ¤ Criteria for the selection of air pollutants to be monitored ...... 19 ¤ Ambient air quality 2002-2006 ...... 20 ¤ Air pollution by the substances originating from traffic ...... 22 ¤ Radioactivity in the air ...... 23 ¤ Quality of drinking water from the Belgrade waterworks ...... 23 ¤ Quality of drinking water from public Fountains ...... 25 ¤ Quality of surface water in the Belgrade Teritory between 2001-2006 ...... 26 ¤ Examination Results...... 27 ¤ The river Sava ...... 27 ¤ The river Danube ...... 27 ¤ The Soil – Examination of soil pollution in the Terithory of Belgrade in 2006 . . . . . 30 ¤ Communal noise in Belgrade ...... 32 ¤ Environment and Health Impact Assessment ...... 33 ¤ Public Utilities of Belgrade in the protection of the Environment ...... 34 ¤ About Institutions which participated ...... 37 FOR BETTER ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN BELGRADE

A Word from the Secretariat for Environmental Protection

In the beginning is always the the city, but equally and just Needless to say, we feel ill at word. This time the word is as importantly, the quality of ease because we are unable quality. environmental parameters in to financially support all the Belgrade. activities of non-governmental In its full sense this word may organisations. be too strong for the state of What does the Secretariat for affairs that we currently have Environmental Protection in The most important thing in but it certainly is not for the Belgrade have to its credit? 2004 happened at its very end. objectives that we aspire after. Definitely a series of projects A package of environmental which meet the contemporary protection laws was finally Our attempts at improving en- standards of organised coun- adopted. vironmental quality in our city tries and of EU directives. For as fast possible are reflected in instance, the project „Green Consequently and logically, the publciation which is before Legislation“, which has re- the bulk of preparations for you. ceived undivided recognition changes aimed at conclusively regulating environmental Reports like these constitute for the regulation of green areas in Belgrade. The executed protection acts at all planning a true cross-section in space and project levels fell to the (that of Belgrade) and time projects of protection of Veliko Ratno Ostrvo (Island) and purviews of all local admin- (annualy ) of the state of the istrations and environmental environment around us. shortly also of Mt. Kosmaj and Mt. Avala (in 2005) are only the protection services in our The parameters of the qual- result of patient work in previ- republic. ity of environmental factors ous years. From the professional stand namely, air, water, soil, radio- point, this Secretariat prepared activity and noise, covered by Projects for the removal of radioactive lightning rods appropriate procedures to the monitoring programme, meet the obligations stem- have been presented as and addressing the problem of medicinal waste have also ming from the new laws, prac- recorded at the time of mea- tically in its stride. Assistance surement. This publication been going on for a number of years. to that end was also extended consolidates the data for to our colleagues from numer- easier analysis. Evidently, they Numerous direct activities ous municipalities in the area demonstrate that their quality have also been undertaken to and farther afield. is changeable. raise environmental aware- Regrettably, the enormous The efforts that we have been ness, promote recycling, or better to put it the sorting workload placed on the Secre- exerting with a view to qual- tariat has not been paralleled ity improvement are shown and collecting of useful waste, clean-up campaigns, afforesta- by an adequtae number of by the programme activities new expert staff recruitments undertaken. tion campaigns, environmental panels, etc. Accordingly, and a better organisation of Through its extensive regu- observed from our standpoint, the sector. But that is already lation, reconstruction and cooperation with non-gov- something for the coming construction programmes, ernmental organisations is years. primarily in the municipal, very good. We are particularly traffic and other infrastruc- glad to have been invited to ture, the City Administration is participate in numerous constantly upgrading not only environmental campaigns the quality of facilities and the and equally happy with the Secretary process of the functioning of massive response at our own. Mr Branislav Božović BEFORE Belgrade in BRIEF

There has been a settlement Belgrade is one of the old- Belgrade has huge significance at the confluence of the Sava est cities in Europe and is the as a road and rail junction at and Danube for seven mil- largest urban centre in the the crossroads of eastern and lennia. It has survived during Balkans after Athens. The old- western Europe, as well as be- this long period despite the est archeological finds in the ing an international river port, invaders and their ruthless area date from the fifth millen- airport and telecommunica- burning and destruction. Its nium B.C. The historic site of tions centre. It comprises 3.6% inhabitants have always rebuilt Vinca, with its cultural artifi- of the teritorry of Serbia, is it, and fashioned a new and better way of life, right up until cats dating from prehistoric home to 15.8% of the popula- the present day, as Belgrade man (Neolithic plastic arts) is tion of the country and 31.2% proudly bears witness. located on the banks of the of the employed population of Danube. The city of Singidu- the republic work there. num was established by Celtic Belgrade is home to important tribesmen in the third century trade, banking, agricultural B.C. at the confluence of the and economic assets, the most Save and Danube, and the city important being the metal and is also mentioned by ancient metal-processing industry and sources. the electronics industry. 30% In the sixth century, Slavs of the Serbian national prod- made ever more frequent uct is generated there. crossings of the Danube in Belgrade is the capital of order to settle permanently Serbian culture, education and in the area. And so they built science. It is home to the larg- their first settlement, known est concentration of institu- as Beli Grad (White City), on a tions of national importance rocky outcrop overlooking the in the fields of science and art. confluence of the two rivers. The Serbian Academy of Sci- The name of Belgrade is men- ence and Art, founded in 1886 tioned for the first time in 878, as the Serbian Royal Academy, and during its long and stormy the Serbian National Library, history the city was occupied founded in 1832, the National by 40 different armies and Museum, founded in 1841 and rebuilt from its ashes 38 times. the National Theatre, founded From the 16th to the 19th in 1869 are all located in Bel- century the city had numerous grade. The city is also home to names in various languages, Belgrade University, founded including: Alba Graeca, Alba in 1808 as the Great School, as Bulgarica, Bello grado, Nandor well as the University of Art. Alba, Griechisch Weissenburg and Castelbianco, all of which The Belgrade City Office for are translations of the Slavic the Protection of Cultural word Beograd. Monuments: www.belgradeheritage.com Foto: N. Čović Important DATES

7000 BC – the first Neolithic settlement c. 630 – the Slavs capture Singidunum 878 – the first written mention of the Slavic name of Beograd in a letter from the Roman Catholic pope John VIII 1284 – the Serbian king Dragutin is given Belgrade by the Hungarian crown and the city comes under Serbian rule for the first time 1403 – during the reign of Despot Stefan Lazarevic, Belgrade becomes the capital city of medi- aeval Serbia 1521 – the Turks capture Belgrade 1806 – Karadjordje liberates the town of Belgrade and it again becomes the capital of Serbia 1808 – the Great School is opened 1841 – Belgrade becomes the capital of the Princedom of Serbia during the first reign of Mi- hailo Obrenovic 1867 – the Turkish commander Ali Reza Pasha hands the keys of Belgrade town over to prince Mihailo in the Kalemegdan fortress and the Turks finally leave Belgrade 1882 – Serbia becomes a Kingdom, with Belgrade as its capital city 1918 – Belgrade becomes the capital of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 1945 – a constitutional assembly proclaims the foundation of the Federal National Republic of Yugoslavia 1999 – for three months NATO bombs Yugoslavia, including targets in the centre of Belgrade 2006 – Belgrade is once again the capital of an independent Serbia Facts about BELGRADE

Status: Capital of the Republic of Serbia, having city status as a separate teritorrial unit, and with its own local government bodies

Administrative divisions: 17 city municipalities, each having their own local government

Geographic position: ¤ Southern Europe, on the Balkan peninsula, West Balkan ¤ At the confluence of the rivers Sava and Danube, between the Panonian Plain to the north and the mountainous central region of Serbia known as Sumadija to the south; also the location of Mt. Avala (511 m) and Mt. Kosmaj (628 m)

Map coordinates: ¤ Latitude north: 44⁰49’14’’ ¤ Longitude east: 20 27’44’’

Average height above sea level: 116.75 m

Area: 3,222.68 sq. km

Climate: ¤ mean annual air temperature: 11.7 ⁰C ¤ moderate continental ¤ mean annual rainfall: 669.5 litres/m2 ¤ mean atmospheric pressure: 1,001 millibars ¤ mean relative humidity: 69.5%

Population: 1,732,400 (2005 figure)

Religion: Orthodox Christian 90.68%, Islam 1.29%, Catholic 1.03%, Protestant 0.24%, Jewish 0.03%, atheist 3%, unknown 2.02% (2002 census)

The City of Belgrade: www.beograd.org.yu City ADMINISTRATION

The City Administration performs an administrative role within the framework of the powers and responsibilities delegated to the City, as well as certain professional functions required by the City Assembly, the Mayor and the City Council.

Departments: Professional services: Special Organizations: ¤ Finance Department ¤ Assembly Business and ¤ Institute for IT and Statistics Regulations Service ¤ Town Planning and Building ¤ Belgrade City Commercial Projects Department ¤ Information Service Premises Agency ¤ Public Works and Housing ¤ General Affairs Service ¤ Budget Audit Office Department ¤ Service for Communications ¤ Agency for Cooperation ¤ Property Rights and Building and Citizen Relations with Non-governmental Inspection Department Organizations and European Public Procurement Service ¤ Harmonization ¤ Traffic Department ¤ City Assembly Chairman’s Environmental Protection Office ¤ Department ¤ Mayor’s Office ¤ Commerce Department ¤ Culture Department ¤ Education Department ¤ Sport and Youth Department ¤ Health Department ¤ Social and Children’s Welfare Department Mayor Mr. Nenad Bogdanović ¤ Inspections Department ¤ Administration Department City public COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS

The City of Belgrade has founded the following: 10 public service companies, seven public companies, one organization, 34 cultural institutions (theatres, cultural centres, museums, libraries and other organizations), 27 health institutions (local health centres, pharmacies, institutes and medical centres), 17 child welfare institutions (pre-school centres), three social welfare institutions and three physical culture institutions (sports centres). Public service companies: Companies and organizations: ¤ Belgrade City Transport Company ¤ Belgrade City Construction Land and Building (www.gsp.co.yu) Directorate (www.beoland.com) ¤ Belgrade Roads public service company ¤ Belgrade Town Planning Office (www.beogradput.org.yu) (www.urbel.com) ¤ Belgrade Waterworks and Sewage public ser- ¤ City Housing (www.stambeno.com) vice company (www.bvk.co.yu) ¤ Sava Centre (www.savacentar.com) ¤ Belgrade Power Stations public service com- ¤ Ada Ciganlija (www.adaciganlija.co.yu) pany (www.beoelektrane.co.yu) ¤ Belgrade Fortress ¤ City Markets public service company (www.beogradskatvrdjava.co.yu) (www.bgpijace.co.yu) ¤ Studio B Public Radio Broadcasting Company ¤ City Hygiene public service company (www.studio-b.co.yu) ¤ Infostan public service company ¤ Belgrade Tourist Organization (www.infostan.co.yu) (www.tob.co.yu) ¤ Belgrade Parks public service company (www.zelenilo.co.yu) ¤ Parking Service public service company (www.parking-servis.co.yu) ¤ Funeral Services public service company (www.beogradskagroblja.co.yu) Environment Culture and ART

Belgrade ranks as one of the greenest capitals Belgrade is the cultural and artistic centre of in Europe with large natural oases both on the Serbia. The most important native artists work edges of the town and near to the city centre in the city and each year more than 9,000 the- itself. Dozens of rare bird species live in the atrical performances, art exhibitions, concerts, woods on the outskirts of Belgrade. There are performances and other artistic events are held. 182 trees in Belgrade which are protected by Numerous eminent artists from the world of art law. The greenery of Belgrade extends to more come to Belgrade from all parts of the globe. It than 40 sq. kilometres. is the home of the top state and national cultural and art institutions such as: The banks of the Belgrade rivers are 200 kilome- ¤ the National Theatre tres in length. There are 16 river islands on the (www.narodnopozoriste.co.yu), Belgrade waterways of which the best-known the National Museum are Ada Ciganlija, Veliko ratno ostrvo and Gro- ¤ (www.narodnimuzej.org.yu), canska ada. The length of the Danube in Bel- grade is 60 kilometres, and the Sava about 30. ¤ the Serbian National Library (www.nbs.bg.ac.yu).

Belgrade also houses the most important works of architecture, among them the Belgrade Fortress, various cultural monuments and other cultural treasures and numerous archeological sites whose remains bear witness to the 10 well-developed civilization and culture that has flourished in the soil of Belgrade from prehistoric times right up to today.

Foto: N. Čović The Development of BELGRADE Addresses & IMPRINT

On 16th March 2006 Belgrade was pronounced BELGRADE CITY ASSEMBLY Southern European City of the Future. The Euro- Dragoslava Jovanovica 2, pean Cities and Regions of the Future competi- tel. ++381 (0)11 3244-415, 3229-975 tion is organised by the Financial Times. The categories and criteria guiding the jury were: economic potential, business costs, human re- MAYOR sources, transport, information technology and Dragoslava Jovanovica 2, telecommunications, quality of life for foreign tel. ++381 (0)11 3246-764, 3229-787 investors, and the best promotional strategy for attracting direct foreign investments. For these reasons foreign investors see Belgrade as an increasingly attractive place to do business. CITY ADMINISTRATION Trg Nikole Pašića 6, switchboard 3229-678 27. marta 43-45, switchboard 3227-241 Tiršova 1, switchboard 2688-655 Golsvordijeva 35, switchboard 3083-800 Masarikova 5, switchboard 3614-500 11 Makenzijeva 31, switchboard 2453-142 ACTIVITIES of THE SECRETARIAT for ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Committee for Urban Plan- assignments are performed tion and promotion of the ning and Protection of the within two sectors: Sector for environment, through defini- Environment was established Monitoring of the Quality of tion and realization of action in Belgrade in 1974. It was the the Environment and Sec- and restoration plans and department of the City Man- tor for the Protection of the programs (environment- di- agement. On April 1, 1990, the Nature and Definition of the rected protective measures); Department for the Environ- Conditions for the Protection ecological education; air, soil, ment was separated from the of the Environment. and water quality control Committee and became an Secretariat for the Environ- and protection of this qual- independent body within the ment participates in realiza- ity; protection of the flora city managerial structure. It tion of the adopted policy of and fauna and control of their was formed under the name protection and promotion of populations; protection from of Secretariat for the Environ- the environment in the Re- excessive noise and vibrations; mental Protection. public of Serbia. Its rights and protection from ionizing and The Secretariat has its assign- duties are to monitor the situ- non- ionizing radiation and ments defined by relevant ation in this area in the city of from hazardous and harmful regulations. Beside them, it Belgrade, undertake measures substances. It defines the cri- has been dealing with a part and manage the activities teria of environmental protec- of assignments belonging to related to protection of natural tion that have to be taken into the duties and obligations of resources that are important account in urban planning and Serbia as republic. These have to the quality of the environ- construction of facilities and been performed according to ment and population health. plants. The Secretariat issues working permits for of plants the relevant by- laws adopted Secretariat for the Environ- 12 and their performance; defines by the City Municipality and ment performs the assign- measures for the protection of the Mayor. The Secretariat ments related to the protec-

Organizational Chart - Secreteriat for Environmental Protection

Secretariat

Sector for monitoring of the Sector for Protection of the quality of the Environment Nature and Environment

Department for monitoring, Department for the Department protection from accidents protection of environmental for law and Economics and preventive protection impact assessment

Section for comunal Section for environmental zoohygiene and impact assessment of control of pests plans and objects nature and natural goods, their The Secretariat performs its The Secretariat performs as- utilization and development; it duties based on the relevant signments of the government, establishes special fee for the legislation, Statute and other related to the environmental protection and promotion of by-laws. protection and promotion, the environment and performs entrusted upon the city of other assignments in this area. Belgrade by the Republic.

Secretariat

Branislav Božović Dr Elizabet Paunović Secretary, B. Sc. (Engineering) Deputy Secretary, M. D.

Sector for monitoring of the quality of the environment

Marija Grubačević Assistant Secretary, B. Sc. Mirjana Gucić (Engineering) Assistant Secretary, B.A. (Law) Mirjana Sretković Technical Secretary

Department for Department for Department for monitoring,protection law and economics the protection of from accidents and environmental impact preventive protection assessment

Tanja Srnic-Stanimirovic Milena Bujas Valentina Sterđević 13 Section Head, B. Sc. Section Head, B, A. Section Head, B. Sc. (Chemistry) (Law) (Spatial Planning)

Ivana Jevtić Sanja Krstić Associate, B. A. Associate, B. Sc. (Economics) (Spatial Planning) Zorica Popović, Radomir Mijic associate Associate, B. Sc. Section for (Engineering) environmental impact assessment of plans and objects Section for comunal Sanja Štrbac zoohygiene and Associate, B. A. Slavica Tošić control of pests (Law) Section Head, B. Sc. (Engineering) Milutin Komanović Associate, B. Sc. (Engineering)

Vesna Višnjevac Associate

Andrea Zelić- Magdalena Obradović Biljana Glamočić Radojičić, Associate Associate, B. Sc. Associate, B. Sc. (Engineering) (Physics) I PROGRAMS RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF QUALITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN BELGRADE

These Programs have been adopted each year, with the exception of Air Quality Program (adopted for the two- year period). All programs have to be adopted by the City Assembly.

SYSTEMATIC CONTROL OF ¤ Level of communal noise tional Medicine and Radiology QUALITY OF THE ENVIRON- “Dr Dragomir Karajovic”. ¤ Quality control of agricultural MENT has been performed on land Each month, since 1988, all a regular basis, through exami- results have been published in ¤ Level of radioactivity nation, monitoring and control Ecological Bulletin and on the of the following: All programs have been car- Secretariat web page: ¤ Air quality ried out by authorized and ac- www.eko.bg.gov.yu credited institutions, Institute Quality control of drinking On the occasion of June 5 ¤ of Public Health of Belgrade, water - The World Environment Day, Serbian Institute of Public the Secretariat issues a special ¤ Quality of river waters Health “Dr Milan Jovanovic- annual publication dealing Quality of spring water/ pub- Batut” and Clinical Center of ¤ with the quality of environ- lic fountains Serbia, Institute for Occupa- ment in Belgrade.

II PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

14 PERMANENT PROGRAMS monitored for the presence the Bojcinska Forest and Eradication and control of pest and abundance of mosqui- Stepin gaj). toes. populations ¤ In one drive, the Program The program deals with eradi- ¤ Control of tick populations of Rodent Control encom- cation and control of mosqui- and their treatment in the passes systematic treatment toes, ticks and rodents in the area of Belgrade has been of approximately 500, 000 teritorry of 10 municipalities performed on the area of apartments; 220 unsafe set- of the city. It has been realized approximately 7, 500 hect- tlements with no sanitation; as a preventive health- related ares, where previous inves- approximately 160 hectares program, targeted at protec- tigations have revealed the of partially used or com- tion of public health. presence of tick infestation pletely unused green areas; ¤ Realization of the Program (Lipovica forest, Sports Cen- and approximately 100 kilo- for the control of mosquito ter “Jajinci”, Miljakovac Forest, meters of littoral land (rivers populations encompasses Banjica, Hajd park, Topcider, and streams of Ada Ciganlija use of chemical and bio- Kosutnjak, Pioneers’ City, and Ada Huja). There are two logical substances in order to Films City, Nova Skojevska drives a year- the spring and control mosquito larvae and Settlement, The park in autumn ones. adult forms as well as do- banovo Brdo, the Bele Vode park, Ada Ciganlija, Sumice, mestic forms of these pests. Program for the Protection of The Zvezdzra Forest, Tasmaj- The treatment is performed Natural Goods from the air or using devices dan Park, Kalemegdan, Novi There are approximately 45 from the ground, on the sur- Beograd- Usce with littoral registered natural goods in faces that are continuously area and surrounding parks, the area of Belgrade. They are of special value and features. The City Government provides realization of long- term plans of management and annual programs of protection and development of the goods under protection. Between 1993 and 2007, the city of Belgrade issued numerous decrees about protection of natural goods, covering 19 natural monuments of botanical and biologic value (The Banjica Forest- 18 individual trees) and two areas of extraordinary characteristics in the Belgrade area (Veliko ratno ostrvo and the Kosmaj mountain). During 2006, the following natural goods have been placed under protection: the Gingko tree in Vracar Mu- nicipality; the cypress three in Dedinje; yew tree in Pozeska Street and three trees of Eng- lish oak in Bare. The chosen plants have rare botanical 15 value, are representative in their dendrometric features and promote the characteristics of certain areas of the city.

MID-TERM PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

REMOVAL OF RADIOACTIVE “GREEN REGULATORY RULES OF Promotion of green Areas of LIGHTNING RODS BELGRADE” the City. The second stage Ever since 2002, there has It started in 2003 as one of the relates to the preparation of been a program of staged first within the Belgrade Mas- Contents and Programs for the replacing of radioactive ter Plan by 2012. Its function is Definition of GIS- green areas lightning rods from residential to help make an overview and of Belgrade and Preparation buildings, pre- school facilities completely resolve implemen- of the Contents and Defining and schools. The first and sec- tation of the above document the Actions for the Belgrade ond stages have been ended, from the standpoint of the Biotope Mapping. with the third one under way. environment. ¤ THE THIRD STAGE OF THE More than 180 lightning rods The “Green Regulatory Rules PROJECT “Green Regulatory have been replaced and 80 of Belgrade” have four stages. Rules of Belgrade” continued more have currently been The first stage relates to the in 2006, under the title “Plan under replacement. creation of a Decision Proposal of General Regulation of concerning Protection and Green Areas of the City”. The mentioned “Mapping and the forests within the system expect it to contribute to the Validation of the City Bio- of environmental protection development of urban forestry topes” will have been done and multi- functional utiliza- and promotion of the social within this Project. tion. significance of forests, their It is expected that the Project preservation in representative areas. It will certainly have re- “INTEGRATED VALORIZATION OF will have resulted in expansion sulted in the provision of sus- FOREST RESOURCES of areas under forests, espe- tainable utilization of biologic OF BELGRADE” cially in the function of re- forestation of degraded areas resources and bio- diversity. The aim of this project is to and prevention of erosion. We implement strategies and measures to protect the en- “BELGRADE- HEALTHY CITY” vironment, natural resources, “Belgrade- Healthy City” has forestry, watercourses and the been realized in cooperation system of green areas that with representatives from the have been defined in strate- Secretariat for the Environ- gic documents of the city of ment, Secretariat for Health Belgrade. and the WHO Representative The Project will have been Office in Belgrade. “Healthy done in three stages, encom- Cities” from Copenhagen have passing the forests of adminis- participated in the creation of trative area of the city. It aims Initial Documents on Healthy to give greater significance to Cities.

III RESEARCH STUDIES, PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

16 The Secretariat has accepted stray dogs in the greater and ¤ “Inventory of electro- mag- to fund research programs proper Belgrade” netic polluters in the area and projects that contribute to Project “Research of the of Belgrade”- identification, improvements in the environ- ¤ methods to be used to measuring and assessment ment. Such scientific works control Ambrosia artemi- of electro- magnetic burden; are: siifolia ragweed; effects of ¤ “Revising and updating the ¤ Remediation study for the herbicides and monitoring of “Hazard Map of Belgrade”- source of the Makis and consequences of the mea- identification and assess- Surcinsko Polje; sures undertaken in the area ment of chemical accidents of Belgrade” ¤ Regulation and protection hazards in stationary and of the natural reserve “Veliko ¤ Study “Spatial bases for the mobile sources, serving as a ratno ostrvo” (de- silting of protection of areas with basis for the definition of Ac- the canal, stocking the river preserved cultural and his- cidents Protection Plan. with fish species, revitaliza- torical heritage in the area of ¤ Program “Medical waste tion of the ecosystem, etc.); Belgrade”, in accordance with management”- in public the Convention on European Project “Toxic elements and health care facilities of Bel- ¤ Heritage pesticides in agricultural grade. land and plant products in ¤ “ A Map of Radiation in Bel- ¤ Programs and projects of de- the Belgrade area” grade: “- identification and fining and control of popula- systematization of ionizing Project “Defining the populations of abandoned animals ¤ sources in the area of Bel- tions and categorization of in order to ensure their grade protection and well- being. IV ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PLANS AND PROJECTS

In December 2004, we ad- plans and projects was real- to the initiation of strategic opted four new laws related to ized through issuance of the environmental impact as- the environmental protection: following documents: sessment (or the absence of Law on the Environment, Law need to initiate such assess- 231 normative deeds de- on Strategic Environmental ¤ ment); fining the measures and Impact Assessment, Law on conditions of environmental 4 agreements related to the Environmental Impact Assess- ¤ protection- an indispens- Reports on strategic EIA of a ment and Law on Integrated able part of spatial plans and certain plan; Prevention and Control of projects; Environmental Pollution. We have also had 227 administrative procedures related to In the above period, environ- ¤ 57 opinions concerning pro- EIA. mental impact assessment of posals and decisions related

V OTHER ACTIVITIES

Within cooperation among ad- PUBLISHING, PROMOTION AND SUPPORT TO PROFESSIONAL ministrative bodies and other PRESENTATIONS MEETINGS secretariats and professionals, Secretariat for the Environ- Representatives of the Sec- institutes and schools of the ment participated, inde- retariat have participated in Belgrade University, we have pendently or with other organization, preparation and 17 given support to the realiza- institutions, in the creation, work of a series of meetings, tion of a series of projects and publishing, printing and pro- conferences, congresses, pub- programs that are supposed to motion of a large number of lic debates, and workshops. improve the quality of environ- scientific, professional, educa- They have participated in ment in the city. We have also tional and information proj- many study trips, in Serbia and taken an active part in some of ects, publications, magazines, in foreign countries. these. monographs and editions. MONITORING PROGRAMS

Air Quality Control - Objectives of episodes of increased air Legal basis Systematic, program- based pollution; The legal basis for adoption measuring of air pollution on ¤ monitoring of concentration of the Program of Air Quality the teritorry of Belgrade, with trends, by city zones; Control in the area of Belgrade, the following objectives: Serbia has been contained in ¤ assessment of population the Law on Environmental Pro- monitoring of the degree of ¤ exposure; tection. Therefore, the authori- air pollution in relation to ties of Belgrade are obliged by imission limit values (ILVs); ¤ identification of the sources of pollution or risk; law, within their competence, ¤ undertaking preventive to provide continuous control measures in the segments ¤ evaluation of long- term and monitoring of the envi- which are important for the trends; and ronment. A systematic mea- protection of air quality from ¤ analysis of the measures suring of imissions included pollution; undertaken to prevent air in the Program, have been pollution. performed through monitor- ¤ informing the public and de- ing networks set up in several fining recommendations for levels. individual behavior in cases

18 CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF AIR POLLUTANTS TO BE MONITORED 19 Main pollutants in ambient air, of interest in an urban setting, in the present air quality monitoring network of Belgrade have been presented in Table 1. The group of substances, widespread in ambient air, has been selected because of their impact on human health. Additional increased attention has been paid to air toxics such as PAHs, acid aerosols and BTEX.

Table 1. Belgrade: Main pollutants in ambient air that have been monitored

SO2, NOX, NO2 – 24-hour averages Gas components O3 – 24-hour, 1 and 8-hour averages CO – 30 minute, 1 hour, BTEX 1-hour and 24-hour averages PAH – 3,4 benzo-a-pyrene (BaP) – averages per month Soot, total deposited matter – 24-hour averages Ambient air Ambient Solid phases in the air SPM (mass conc.) mass concentration, 24-hour averages Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn, Ni, Hg, Cr – averages per month

Methodologies of Air Monitoring The local urban air quality network consists of 17 stationary measurement sites. These sites cover the teritorry according to the above mentioned objectives. During the year 2002, the existing air monitoring network was upgraded with three automatic analyzers (Horiba AP-360, series APNA- NOX, APSA-SO2, APMA-CO, APHA-total hydrocarbons). In order to fulfill the ISO 17025 require- ments, we have also obtained measurement devices for sampling SPM 2.5 and 10, PM10 (EN 12341), PM 2.5 and BTEX Analyser – type airmo BTX 1000. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY, 2002- 2006

3 1. Annual Mean SO2, black smoke and NO2 concentrations µg/m in Belgrade Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

SO2 13 30 16 24 24 Black smoke 30 32 29 33 34 Nitrogen dioxide** 30 32 29 31 31 ** Systematic measuring started in 1996 2. Average Number of Days with Excessive ILVs, per location in Belgrade Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

SO2 1.3 2.8 2.4 5 3 Black smoke 44 41 31 40 43 Nitrogen dioxide 8 9 9 3 6 3. Maximum annual concentrations registered in Belgrade Maximum Year concentration* 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Black smoke 259 417 408 394 286

SO2 187 304 358 450 252

NO2 258 192 491 189 137 * Expressed in µg/m3 20 Chart 1. 100 Mean Annual 90 and Seasonal 80 values of SO2 70 (µg/m3) in 60 Belgrade, 2006 50 40 30 Year 20 Winter 10 0 Summer 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 18 19 22 23 24

Chart 2. 60 Mean Annual 50 and Seasonal Values of Black 40 Smoke (µg/m3) in Belgrade, 30 2006 20 Year 21 10 Winter

0 Summer 1 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Chart 3. 70 Mean Annual and Seasonal 60 Values of NO2 3 50 (µg/m ) in Belgrade, 2006 40

20 Year 10 Winter Summer 0 1 3 5 6 8 10 11 12 21 22 AIR POLLUTION PRODUCED BY THE SUBSTANCES ORIGINATING FROM TRAFFIC

We have performed sampling The results show that the tions of London, Nusiceva and measuring at 12 sampling trend of pollution has been Street and Railway Station) points. increasing. ¤ These with approximately Examination of the pollutants Most endangered zones of the 70% of passenger vehicles at intersections in Belgrade city are the central one and (Cvijiceva Street, Railway has been done at 12 represen- transition route, where we Station). tative spots, from January 1 to have seen elevations of con- Let us stress that differences December 31, 2006. centrations of all pollutants. in concentrations of the pol- This is explained by the traffic Measuring of all parameters lutants have not been signifi- structure and types of vehicles has been performed twice a cant. The narrow city core has using these routes. month, at eight intersections. directly been jeopardized by At four intersections it ahs There are two types of inter- the intersections. The data also been performed four times a sections: stress the impact of meteo- month. ¤ these with 90- 92% of pas- rological conditions, which senger vehicles (the loca- directly influence the spread of pollutants.

22 RADIOACTIVITY IN THE AIR

Program of systematic moni- Examination of Radio nuclides fining the Program of System- toring of the levels of radio- in the Environment (published atic Monitoring of the Levels activity in the environment in the “Official Herald of the FR of radioactivity in the Belgrade of Belgrade has been defined Yugoslavia”, no 9/ 99) and Rule- Environment. The Institute based on provisions of the Law book on the Levels of Radioac- for Occupational Medicine on the Protection from Ioniz- tive Contamination in the Envi- and Radiology “Dr Dragomir ing Radiation (published in the ronment and on the Manner of Karajovic” has realized the “Official Herald of the FR Yu- Decontamination (published Program. goslavia”, no 45/ 97). There are in the “Official Herald of the FR In the city, we have continu- two other legal documents to Yugoslavia”, no 9/99). ously measured the intensity monitor this type of radiation: Since1990, the Secretariat for of gamma radiation at 1 m a) the Decree on Systematic the Environment has been de- above the ground.

Intensity of the absorbed dose of gamma irradiation in the air was in 2006 within the intervals of 0.075 to 0.160 µGy/ h, with mean Gamma irradiation annual value of 0.0837 ± 0.004 µGy/ h. This corresponds to the limits of change of the natural radiation in the air. 137 Cs in the air Activity of 137 Cs in the air was low in 2006 137 Cs in precipitation The values of 137 Cs were below the detection limits

QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER FROM THE BELGRADE WATERWORKS 23

For several decades, Institute purification and in the Service The samples from installations of Public Health of Belgrade for Sanitation and Control of have been taken daily; the has been monitoring the qual- the Belgrade Waterworks. This samples from the tanks have ity of drinking water processed Service takes approximately been taken during one week. in the Belgrade Waterworks equal number of samples as During the same time interval, Public Utility. The monitoring Institute of Public Health of all points from the distributive has been performed in order Belgrade. network have been covered. to secure safe, hygienic drink- Within the systematic control In the samples, we monitor ing water for the Belgrade of quality of drinking water, physical, chemical, bacterio- population. the samples have been taken: logical, biological quality of The control has been per- the water and the degree of at five installations for water formed according to the ¤ radioactivity. Physical and treatment (Banovo Brdo, Program based on the Rule- chemical examinations of Bezanija, Bele vode, Makis book on Hygienic Safety of samples have been done using and Vinca); Drinking Water (published in several “regimens” (defined by the “Official Herald of the FR ¤ from 16 tanks, and the current Rulebook). These Yugoslavia”, no 42/ 98). Beside are basic, periodical and “large” this, additional examination ¤ At 87 distribution network regimens. of the water quality has been points, in various parts of the The results of laboratory performed in the laboratories city. examinations of the samples of the very Water processing of drinking water (processed Utility, at installations for water in the Belgrade Waterworks Public Utility) are presented are major users of the water sources and the remaining in monthly and annual re- processed in the Belgrade 40.66%- from the rivers. ports. These are distributed to Waterworks Public Utility. The In respect to the results we Sanitary Inspection Service, average water consumption have obtained, there have Secretariat for the Environ- was 6, 772 l/h in 2006. Out of been no major aberrations ment and the very Public Util- the total quantity of processed from the legal norms in the ity “Belgrade Waterworks”. drinking water, 59.34% origi- past five years. Ovde staviti The city of Belgrade and its nate from underground water surrounding settlements

Table 1. Total number of samples and percentage of physical, chemical and bacteriological aberrations in the samples of drinking water taken from The Belgrade Waterworks, 2001- 2006 Total no of exam- Physical/ chemical aberrations Bacteriological aberrations Year ined samples no of samples % no of samples % 2002 6, 535 115 1.7 337 5.2 2003 6, 565 64 1.0 275 4.2 2004 6, 579 83 1.3 349 5.3 2005 6, 537 100 1.5 420 6.4 2006 6, 631 96 1.4 383 5.8 In respect to physical and human health, it is favorable the five-year period had per- chemical aberrations as that these substances have al- centage aberrations ranging against relevant norms, tur- ways been significantly below from 4.0% and 6.5% (Table bidity and iron content (with the regulated limits. This has 1). In most instances, these aberration percentage less also been the case with the samples were taken from the than 2% (see Table 1) are most concentrations of by-products distribution network in the frequently seen. Another ex- of disinfection, that occur in summer. Aberrations were the amined parameters of physical the water after treatment with result of the increased number and chemical characteristics in chlorine. of bacteria. However, this has the samples of drinking water From the technical standpoint never posed any major health- have always been within the of water utilization, it is worth related risk. It is important as allowed limits. PAHs, however, mentioning that the values of the indicator of purity and in- polychlorinated biphenyls, total water hardness are lower tegrity of the very distribution organochlorine and organo- in the part of system on the network. It is crucial to say that phosphoric pesticides, phe- right bank of River Sava, i.e. in pathogenic microorganisms nols, cyanides, mineral oils, al- the old part of the city. They have never been isolated from kyl- benzo- sulphonates, toxic have ranged between 9.6 and the drinking water processed metals (such as mercury, cad- 17.10 dH. Water hardness in in the Belgrade Waterworks. mium, chrom), nitrites, chlori- the “Bezanija” installation (i.e. Based on the scientific re- nated alcanes, ethenes, ben- in the teritorry of Novi Beo- sults, examination methods zoles, aromatic carbohydrates grad and Zemun) is greater- and state-of the-art technical and the total α and β activity ranging between 16.7 and findings, we may assess that has never been detected. In 18.90 dH. the water from the Belgrade other words, they have always In the bacteriological sense, Waterworks Public Utility is been below the detection limit the quality of drinking water safe and healthy for human of the applied method. Other processed in the Belgrade consumption. parameters have been below Waterworks Public Utility in MAC. From the standpoint of 25

QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER FROM PUBLIC FOUNTAINS

During 2006, we have taken and examined in the laboratories 328 samples of drinking water originating from public fountains. This assignment was done within the Program of control of the quality of water from the springs, captured in public fountains. The results of our examinations are shown in Table 2. Unsafe Scope of Examinations No of samples Unsafe (bacteriology) (physical-chemical characteristics) Basic analysis 303 156 (51.5%) 82 (27.01%) Periodic analysis 25 14 (56.0%) 6 (25.0%) TOTAL 328 170 (51.8%) 88 (26.8%)

During the program realization, reports on the performed laboratory analyses of the water taken from public fountains have been regularly submitted to the relevant Secretariats. Institute of Public Health of Belgrade gave daily information (via telephone) about the current results and advised the population if the water from public fountains had been safe or unsafe for use. QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS IN THE BELGRADE TERITORRY BETWEEN 2001 AND 2006

Methodologies of Control stocking with cyprinid fish and Disturbed samples of the sur- For more than four decades, drinking water supply (after face sediment layer have been monitoring the quality of the classical physical- chemical examined using Canadian surface waters in Belgrade has treatment). Sediment Quality Guidelines. been carried out on the two The examinations have been Once a year, we examine bio international rivers (Sava and done twice a month, on the cumulation of organic micro Danube) and sixteen smaller spots upstream of the two pollutants and heavy metals in watercourses of transit nature. points of water capture of the the shellfish and muscle tissue The process has been per- Belgrade Waterworks (Makis of benthonic zone fish and formed on 27 control points. and Vinca). On other spots, predators. Surface waters quality control they are performed once a Assessment of the quality of has been done in order to as- month. surface waters and their suit- sess the quality of watercours- Laboratory examinations of ability for water supply, recre- es, monitoring the pollution certain parameters have been ational purposes and irrigation trends, assessment of self- done according to the relevant has been made based on the purification. It has been done ISO standards and USA-EPA relevant Serbian legislation, to assess the adequacy of the and AWWA standard methods. WHO recommendations and river bodies to provide enough We examine basic physical- EU Directives. quantities of drinking water chemical parameters, indica- Assessment of the content of for the city of Belgrade and tors of oxygen regimen, nutri- organic and inorganic micro the settlements of Obrenovac, ents, toxic organic substances pollutants in the sediment Baric and Vinca. (Council Directive 86/280/EEC was made by comparison with 26 Another purpose of this pro- of 12 June 1986 on limit values probable effect levels accord- cess is to assess the options for and quality objectives for dis- ing to the Canadian Sediment irrigation of the surrounding charges of certain dangerous Quality Guidelines and inci- agricultural land and provide substances), dence (percentage) of adverse protection of health of all inorganic toxic substances biological effects in concentra- these who use the waters for (metals and metalloids and tion ranges was defined by recreational purposes. The other toxic inorganic substanc- these values. data we have obtained served es), sanitary- microbiological Bio cumulation is assessed as the basis for the assessment and biological parameters. based on the values given in of efficacy of the measures we We also determine the pollut- the Rulebook on the quanti- have been undertaking so far ants listed in the Proposal for ties of pesticides, metals and to diminish pollution. They will a European Parliament and metalloids and other poison- have be the cornerstone of Council Decision establishing ous substances, anabolics and our new proposals related to the list of priority substances other substances that might the protection of the surface in the field of water policy (EU be found in foods (issued in waters. Throughout their Decision 2000/ 0035 (COD) the “Official Gazette of the courses, the waters of Sava and the List of Specific Sub- SFRY, no 5/ 92) and the WHO and Danube have been classi- stances proposed by ICPD for Recommendations. fied as “class II” - they might be the Danube River. used for recreational purposes, 27 EXAMINATION RESULTS

The Sava sediment. They are above the trations of athrazine, phenol The examinations performed probable effect levels accord- and mineral oils. Heavy met- so far show that the quality ing to the Canadian Sediment als are constantly within the of Sava River has aberrations Quality Guidelines. limits regulated by Class II river mostly caused by changed Bio cumulation of heavy met- water quality. sanitary- microbiological als is obvious in the shellfish. Items from the List of priority parameters. Several basic In the fish, we detect mild substances in the field of wa- physical- chemical parameters increase of mercury content in ter policy (EU Decision 2000/ and nutrients are occasionally the predators. 0035 (COD) and ICPD List beyond the limits of relevant Summary results of examina- for the Danube are, in most norms. Indicators of oxygen tions of the Sava River water cases, below the detection regimen are sporadically quality in the past five years limits of the applied method. beyond these limits too. Ex- have been shown in table 3. We often register high concen- Table 3. Quality of the Sava River water in the territory of Belgrade, 2002- 2006 beyond Class II, due to changed parameters II Classriver bacteriology and only physical and No of waters physical/ only bacteriology Year chemical samples chemical no of no of no of no of % % % % samples samples samples samples 2002 66 35 53.0 5 7.6 15 22.7 11 16.7 28 2003 68 24 35.3 11 16.2 7 10.3 26 38.2 2004 68 34 50.0 11 16.2 4 5.9 19 27.9 2005 68 19 27.9 22 32.4 13 19.1 14 20.6 2006 68 22 32.4 20 29.3 4 5.9 22 32.4

ceptionally rarely, in only 1- 2 The Danube trations of heavy metals in the samples, we register an annual sediment. They are above the The situation is similar to the increase in the concentra- probable effect levels accord- one with Sava River: most ab- tions of athrazine, phenol and ing to the Canadian Sediment errations are seen in sanitary- mineral oils. Heavy metals are Quality Guidelines. within the limits of the Class II microbiological parameters. Bio cumulation of heavy met- river water quality. Occasionally, several basic physical- chemical parameters, als is obvious in the shellfish. Items from the List of priority nutrients and indicators of In the fish, we detect mild substances in the field of water oxygen regimen are beyond increase of mercury content in policy (EU Decision 2000/ the limits of relevant norms. the predators. 0035 (COD) and ICPD List for It is especially seen immedi- Summary results of examina- the Danube are, in most cases, ately downstream Belgrade. tions of the Danube River below the detection limits of In extremely rare instances, in water quality in the past five the applied method. only one or two samples we years have been shown in We often register high concen- have found elevated concen- table 4. trations of heavy metals in the Table 4. Results of the river water quality control for the Danube on the territory of Belgrade, 2002- 2006 beyond Class II, due to changed parameters II Classriver bacteriology and only physical and No of waters physical/ chemi- only bacteriology Year chemical samples cal no of no of no of no of % % % % samples samples samples samples 2002 66 26 39.4 14 21.2 10 15.2 16 24.2 2003 67 19 28.4 24 35.8 6 9.0 18 26.8 2004 68 27 39.7 10 14.7 5 7.4 26 38.2 2005 68 13 19.2 26 38.2 9 13.2 20 29.4 2006 68 11 16.2 23 3.8 9 13.2 25 36.8

Other small watercourses, es- sanitary wastewaters that pour and gross microbiological pol- pecially these flowing through into these small watercourses lution. settlements, have been seri- pose a huge environmental Sometimes, we find high ously degraded. Their waters and health- related problem. concentrations of certain inor- are constantly beyond borders They contain high concentra- ganic toxic substances in these of regulated river water class. tions of nutrients, resulting in a waters. Unpurified industrial and complete imbalance of oxygen

Foto: N. Čović 29 THE SOIL

Examination of Soil Pollution in the Teritorry of Belgrade In 2006 Research Area In 2006, the Soil Pollution Program was focused on the following research areas: I the soil in the zone of sanitary protection of the Belgrade Waterworks II the soil near large crossroads III the soil within residential zone in the city IV the soil near industrial facilities

30 Results of Examinations In 2006, within the aim of the Program (Examination of Soil 31 Scope of research Pollution in the teritorry of Belgrade) we have sampled 64 soils from 33 locations and examined them in our laboratory The conclusions reached in previous years have been con- General remarks firmed: there are locations with re- confirmed degradation of the surface layer of the soil In a majority of samples we have registered aberrations from Most frequently seen pollutants the relevant Rulebook, due to elevated concentrations of a heavy metal (nickel) Confirmation of the presence of nickel in similar (elevated) concentrations, in a great number of soil samples, at certain Nickel locations, points to its geographical origin. It is naturally found in the soil belonging to the city area In a smaller number of soil samples, at certain locations, we registered presence of specific pollutants that normally are not Other pollutants present in the surface layer of the soil (i.e pollutants of anthro- pogenic origin- PAH, DDT, mineral oils) COMMUNAL NOISE IN BELGRADE

The level of noise has been monitored at 30 reference points. These have been defined by Secre- tariat for the Environment, in accordance with legal provisions and professional criteria. Measuring spots were chosen as representatives of certain urban zones of different purpose and along major crossroads (intersections). Zoning of the city, from the standpoint of noise, was done in 1984, in only five municipalities. Communal noise originates mostly from traffic. Industrial activities, Sources of noise small business, construction and other activities are less important Introduction of the 24h measuring procedure (over the standard one) Measuring procedure and use of the expanded protocol, helped us obtain more precise and reliable data on the levels of communal noise The levels of communal noise registered in 2006 were still elevated (at The levels of noise mea- 24 measuring points- daytime and at 25 measuring points- nighttime). sured They exceed regulated levels. The exceeding of allowed level of noise during the day is 2- 10 dB (A). Exceeding the allowed During the night, it ranges from 1 to 16 dB (A), depending on the pur- level pose of the zone in which it had been measured. The situation is more favorable than in 2005 On the average, greatest exceeding of the allowed levels are found in Zoning residential areas and zones along the busy highways Absolute greatest noise was recorded in the Glavna and Karadjordjeva Maximum streets. The relevant levels during the day reach even 75 dB (A) there. 32 During the night, they reach 70 dB (A). ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Health and safe environment tion to health, we established lar methodological principle is one of the prerogatives of a system of environmental has been applied in “Ecological the Law on health care in the monitoring for the teritorry of Validation of Belgrade”. There Republic of Serbia and at the Belgrade. The data obtained are given health indicators of same time of World Health Or- from this system are used to exposure to polluted air ac- ganization “Health for All 21.” interconnect wider notion of cording to Air Quality Indexes, Aiming at protecting health “Monitoring system of envi- what is a good starting point of the populations, it stresses ronment and health.” for both decrease of air pollu- that everyday exposure to Environmental monitoring tion and removal of another concentrations of pollutants provides data on the state of risk factor and it certainly con- should not exceed the pre- the environment. We are using tribute to the improvement of scribed limits. In order to pro- DPSEEA (Driving Forces-Pres- population health. vide data on concentrations of sures-State-Exposure-Effects- Health Indicators are a power- pollutants in the environment, Actions) model in designing ful instrument in communica- and consequently, analyze a system of Environmental tion for policy management in them and provide measure- Health EH indictors within the environmental protection. ments, as risk factors in rela- decision-making context. Simi-

33 PUBLIC UTILITIES OF BELGRADE IN THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

The activities of Secretariat for Communal and MUNICIPAL WASTE SERVICES during year 2006. Residential Affairs are: manz new actions have been undertaken ¤ Regular maintenance of green areas, other ¤ Innovated the manner of street- cleaning by public areas and sanitary facilities; introducing vacuum cleaners attached to the garbage truck ¤ Construction and regular maintenance of public fountains, parks and forests, bank areas ¤ founded ecological patrols and littoral zones, public bathing beach in founded the first yard for recycling Ada Ciganlija and other contents of this recre- ¤ ational resort; ¤ introduced new technologies for sweeping ¤ Defining the Water Supply Program (treat- ¤ introduced primary classification of the com- ment of surface and underground waters and munal garbage distribution of drinking water) and regulation of precipitation and wastewaters; production ¤ introduced drives for take- away of bulky and delivery of heating. waste ¤ cleaned flooded areas PUBLIC UTILITY ¤ expanded their activities to the settlements “WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM” in the outskirts of Belgrade- suburban settle- ¤ In 2006, they produced 95.86% of water in ments relation to the adopted production plan. June 29, 2006 had the greatest production of drink- Raw Materials and Recycling 34 ing water- 7, 946 l/ sec; In the “Waste” section of their Utility, within the ¤ In 2006, there were 12.65% more interven- first adopted plan,, they have managed to col- tions on the mains of waterworks compared lect: to 2005; Used paper 3, 114 t ¤ In 2006, they reconstructed and installed 30, Scrap sheet metal 2, 180 t 927 meters of mains of waterworks; Scrap iron 179 t ¤ The Utility built in 1,723 pieces of new metal Secondary scrap metal 30 t frameworks, 22 pieces of pressure regulators, Scrap non- ferrous metals 136 t 128 hydrants; PET bottles 297 t ¤ The Utility had 78 planned rinsing of the waterworks mains and 554 extraordinary ones.

Works performed on the Sewerage System Type of Total interventions No intervention in 2006 1 Sewers 134, 075 pcs Sewerage 2 93, 689 pcs connections 3 Collectors 11, 380 m3 4 Waterworks mains 362, 382 m PUBLIC UTILITY FOR THE MAIN- ¤ In 2006, we have suspended ¤ We have suspended 40 out- TENANCE OF GREEN AREAS - 24 local heating stations that dated busses BASIC ACTIVITIES had been using coal and fuel ¤ We have initiated a Pilot The Program of Maintenance oil project involving the use of of public green areas has en- ¤ We have made heating at- bio- diesel compassed the following: tachments for 2,462 resi- ¤ Promotion of sub- systems planting of 2,984 trees (de- dential buildings (1,429,779 ¤ using electricity was 20% in ciduous and coniferous) on m2 or 23,830 apartments) in 2006 the public green areas of the 2006; city and 1, 740 nursery plants ¤ We apply environmental- ¤ Since 1980 we have been in tree lines; friendly measures within our performing the control of plants: taking care of the planting of approximately wastewaters, emission and ¤ quality of air, wastewaters, 2,000 various trees and imission with the aim of pro- waste handling, noise and bushes on the green areas, tection of the environment soil pollution. around schools, day care centers, kindergartens and PUBLIC UTILITY “SRBIJAŠUME”, schools. It was done in co- “BEOGRAD PUT” PUBLIC UTILITY the Beograd Holding operation with community In 2006, we have made representatives; Forest Holding “Beograd” ¤ 369,458 t of asphalt road ¤ from the green areas, the ¤ Forests near Belgrade cover mass, 10% more than in the Utility has felled down and 32,323 hectares. Privately- previous year, removed 908 trees that had owned forests spread on 15, We have renovated 414 been infested, rotten, dry or 636 hectares; ¤ streets (total lengthe of otherwise dangerous. The ¤ We afforest 400 hectares an- 367,61 km); same was done with 1,111 nually; trees in tree lines; ¤ We have renovated roads ¤ Belgrade has 0.025 hectares in 30 city main roadways ¤ dry branches were cut and 35 of forest per one inhabitant; (length of 45 km) removed in 5,117 trees on the public green areas. In ¤ Eleven recreational forests ¤ We have paid special atten- 6,689 trees the treetops were have been recovered for tion in renovating city cross- supported and elevated. holiday and relaxation of our roads within central munici- Other aesthetic interventions population palities and renovated and were performed on maintained underpasses; 2,000 trees. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ¤ We have stopped landslides UTILITY in Rakovica and Avalski put, THE BELGRADE ELECTRIC The transportation system in Vrbnicka, Cunarska ans Patri- POWERHOUSE PUBLIC UTILITY the city is based on public and jarha Dimitrija streets; private partnership It is the greatest system for ¤ New asphalt layer was made the transmission of thermal ¤ Daily, there are 1,600, 000 in 72 playgrounds, sports energy in Serbia, having public drives, about 50% of and school gymnastic fields; all trips in Belgrade ¤ 2,600 MW of installed power ¤ We have posted 7,380 street ¤ 504 km of thermal network ¤ The network of bus and tram traffic signs; lines has been constantly and pipes We have installed light upgrading ¤ ¤ 5,000 relays signaling and mounted 543 ¤ Motor pool has been updat- traffic lights posts; ¤ It uses natural gas, heating ing regularly; we have 24 We have undertaken envi- oil (fuel oil), extra light oil new EURO3 busses ¤ (diesel) and coal as sources ronmental- friendly mea- of energy; sures by protecting the workers from fuel oil impact, protection, natural reserve of the international com- in accordance with current with class II protection regi- munity, which essentially regulations. men. defines general aims of our community. “JEVREMOVAC” THE BELGRADE DIRECTORATE ¤ In the past two years, the BOTANICAL GARDEN FOR WATERS Directorate realized two major city decisions: Decision It is a huge laboratory in the Assignments of the Director- ¤ ¤ on the Provision of Water open, working under the ate have been closely con- to the City of Belgrade and auspices of the Belgrade nected with the reforms that Decision on the Installation University School of Botany. have to be carried out within of Vessels. The Decision on It serves as a scientific center the defined time- frame. Processing and Channeling for the whole republic. The They will be adapted to the of Wastewaters is in the final garden is a monument under city economy and demands stage of adoption.

36 Foto: N. Čović ABOUT INSTITUTIONS WHICH PARTICIPATED

REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER

The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC)]

The REC Contry Office Serbia is part of REC system country offices in countries of Central and East- ern Europe (CEE) region and Turkey. The REC was established in 1990 and has its head office in Szentendre, Hungary, and country offices in 17 countries in Central and Eastern Europe and Turkey. The REC is a non-partisan, non-ad- vocacy, not-for-profit international organisation with a mission to assist in solving environmental problems in Central and Eastern Europe. The REC fulfils this mission by promoting cooperation among non-governmental organisations, governments, businesses and other environmental stake- holders, and by supporting the free exchange of information and public participation in environmental decision making. Web address of REC Head Office: http//www.rec.org/ Web address of REC Country Office Serbia: http://www.recyu.org/ Direktor:

Milan Dacić, tel: +381 11 3292 899 Foto: N. Čović 37 INSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH of BELGRADE

INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH: WHAT IT IS, WHAT IT DOES The Institute has approximately 400 employees: 67 medical doctors of various specialties and a great number of health care associates with high school education- chemical engineers, chemists, biologists, environment protection engineers, pharmacists and programmers, who contribute to professional and scientific approach to the health and environmental protection and promotion. After a year of preparation, the Institute has accomplished a process of standardization to SRPS/ ISO 9001:2001 and SRPS/ ISO 14001:2004.

Center for Hygiene and Human Ecology Multidisciplinary teams prepare, make plans and set up programs for monitoring of the environmental media: water, air and soil in urban and rural settlements. Registers, collect and evaluates data about health risk factors present in the environment, and give recommendations for preventive and mitigation measures. The Center monitors the level of communal noise.

Laboratory for Human Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory for Human Ecology and Ecotoxicology was among the first In Republic of Serbia to be 38 accredited according to ISO 17025. Laboratory determines a large number of inorganic and organic compaunds in samples of air, water, soil, sediments and biological material. IPH laboratory is one of the most advanced in the field of environmental trace analysis. Laboratory has some of the most sophisticated and advanced instrumentation on the market in accordance with EN ISO/SRPS 17025. IPH Laboratory carry out sampling and analysis, instrument callibration, maintenance and international inter-calibrarion.

Center for Eco-toxicology: Deals with examination of hazardous wastes, determines caracterization and categorization of it, gives recomendations for handling, and treatment of solid and liquid waste.Performes collecting, recycling, destroying and final disposal of medical waste form medical and other health institutions.Center has been appointed responsible for the function of Ecotoxicological Center for the city of Belgrade. Formed Mobile Ecotoxicological Units (MEJ) take active part in prevention, and preper- adness to chemical accidents, gives measures for remediation,and sanitation; INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH of SERBIA “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“

INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH of SERBIA “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“ Institute of Public Health of Serbia „Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut“ is the public health institution which performs the tasks of common concern and interest in the area of health care in the Republic of Serbia.

The specific areas of health activities covered by the institute are epidemiology, hygiene and human ecology, social medicine, organization of health care and health services, health statistics and informatics, health educating etc. The Institute is the professional and methodological, and the scientific and educational institution for the areas covered by.

As a reference proffessional and methodological institution, the Institute is involved in desingning the health care policy the strategies, organization and health system devlopment. The Institute coordinates and participates in the implementation of the special health care programmers in the population, which are brought by the government of Serbia. It also coordinates activities and devlopment of the network of 23 regional public-health Institutes 39 of Serbia.

Apart form other activities, the Institute is a teaching base for certain subjects at the Schools of Medicine, Dental Medicine, and Pharmacy of the University of Belgrade, Novi Sad, Nis and Kraguje- vac.

The Institute has about 250 emploeeys: health workers and health co-workers, and workers of various other profiles. Out of them, 132 have university-level education among which there are 61 specialist in preventive medicine, stomatology, pharmacy, and 40 are university-level co-workers. Clinical Center of Serbia Institute of Occupational and Radiological Health “Dr. Dragomir Karajović” WHO Collaborating Center Deligradska 29, Belgrade Serbia Tel: +381 11 2685 485 Fax: + 381 11 2643 675

Institute of Occupational Health in Belgrade is the national institute of Serbia. It has been founded in 1953 by Serbian Ministry of Health. Today, it is a part of the Clinical Center of Serbia, and WHO Collaborating Center in Occupational Health.

Main tasks ¤ Reference institution for occupational health care of working population ¤ Doctrinaire and methodological activities in the field of occupational health ¤ Occupational medical care and introduction of new methods in diagnostic, therapy and rehabili- tation in the field of occupational diseases and work-related diseases ¤ Protection from ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in health care workers ¤ Scientific and research projects ¤ Education and training in occupational health and related fields

Organization The main departments of the Institute are as follows: I Center for Occupational Diseases and Toxicology 40 II Center for Occupational Health III Center for assessment of fitness for work IV Center for Occupational Health Development and International Relations V Center for Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection

Employees The total number of personnel is 149, out of which there is: 38 physicians, 21 graduates (technolo- gists, physicists, engineers, biochemists, pharmacologists, etc.), 56 nurses, among others. Out of the total number of employees: 56 are specialists, 6 subspecialists ,12 with Ph.D.and 12 with MSc degrees.

International collaboration The Institute has contributed to the international field by: ¤ Being one of the WHO collaborating center in occupational health ¤ Organizing eight international courses in toxicology for developing countries sponsored by WHO, Yugoslav and the Netherlands governments ¤ Experts from the Institute participated in the development of occupational health and specific toxicological laboratories in India, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Greece and other countries worldwide ¤ Performing the collaboration with the Russian Federation, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Czech Re- public, Poland and other countries through scientific visits, joint projects, participation at international congresses and symposia, exchange of scientific literature and other. Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia is a governmental institution which has been performing for more than half a century activities related to protection and improvement of the Serbian natural heritage. On the basis of research results and evaluation of the natural resources of a certain region, status and level of the ecosystem endangerment, the Institutes experts propose protection, i.e. type, category, measures and level of protection for natural properties. The Institute performs activities related to protection and improvement of the nature of Serbia: protection of natural assets, protection procedure activation by developing of scientific-expert studies, expert surveillance, monitoring, conservation of biological and geological diversity, participation in developing of regional plans and technical documentation concerning asses of environmental impact; also education, presentation and publishing activity. Results of the activities are the studies, which are used as a basis in applying any natural asset for protection. The seat of the Institute is in Belgrade and Work Units in Novi Sad and Niš, while the Priština Work Unit is currently not operating. The Institute performs its activities through the Nature Protection Sector, Research-Development Sector and General Administrative Sector. The Institute intensively cooperates with numerous scientific and expert, governmental and non-governmental organizations in the country and abroad. It is member of several international organizations for nature protection: IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature), EU- ROPARC (Federation of Nature and National Parks of Europe), ProGEO (European Association for the Conservation of the Geological Heritage), and ECNC (European Centre for Nature Conservation). As result of work for protection and improvement of the Serbian natural heritage, in Serbia, at present, 6.14% of its teritorry is under statutory protection. The Institutes proposals enabled so far protection of 1119 natural assets. 41

Foto: N. Čović 42

Foto: N. Čović 43 44

Foto: N. Čović Korice - Environment in the city of BGD - unutra CMYK

ISBN 978-86-7550-052-0

NSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH of BELGRADE Despota Stefana 54a, Beograd Tel: (011) 207-86-37 БЕОГРАД Faks: (011) 322-78-28 ЧИСТ НАЧИСТО ! Web: www.zdravlje.org.yu www.beoeko.com

CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Народна библиотека Србије

502.175(497.11)”2001/2006”(036)

ISBN 978-86-7550-052-0 (REC) 1. Matić-Besarabić, Snežana a) Животна средина - Контрола - Београд - 2001-2006 - Водич COBISS.SR-ID 143744012 Korice - Environment in the city of BGD - spolja CMYK

ENVIRONMENT in the City of BELGRADE

CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE INSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH SECRETARIT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION of BELGRADE