Philosophy of Dreams and Sleeping
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The Liar Paradox As a Reductio Ad Absurdum Argument
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 3 May 15th, 9:00 AM - May 17th, 5:00 PM The Liar Paradox as a reductio ad absurdum argument Menashe Schwed Ashkelon Academic College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/ossaarchive Part of the Philosophy Commons Schwed, Menashe, "The Liar Paradox as a reductio ad absurdum argument" (1999). OSSA Conference Archive. 48. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/ossaarchive/OSSA3/papersandcommentaries/48 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences and Conference Proceedings at Scholarship at UWindsor. It has been accepted for inclusion in OSSA Conference Archive by an authorized conference organizer of Scholarship at UWindsor. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Title: The Liar Paradox as a Reductio ad Absurdum Author: Menashe Schwed Response to this paper by: Lawrence Powers (c)2000 Menashe Schwed 1. Introduction The paper discusses two seemingly separated topics: the origin and function of the Liar Paradox in ancient Greek philosophy and the Reduction ad absurdum mode of argumentation. Its goal is to show how the two topics fit together and why they are closely connected. The accepted tradition is that Eubulides of Miletos was the first to formulate the Liar Paradox correctly and that the paradox was part of the philosophical discussion of the Megarian School. Which version of the paradox was formulated by Eubulides is unknown, but according to some hints given by Aristotle and an incorrect version given by Cicero1, the version was probably as follows: The paradox is created from the Liar sentence ‘I am lying’. -
A Selective Study of the Writings of Kafka, Kubin, Meyrink, Musil and Schnitzler
_________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses The literary dream in German Central Europe, 1900-1925: A selective study of the writings of Kafka, Kubin, Meyrink, Musil and Schnitzler. Vrba, Marya How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Vrba, Marya (2011) The literary dream in German Central Europe, 1900-1925: A selective study of the writings of Kafka, Kubin, Meyrink, Musil and Schnitzler.. thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42396 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ The Literary Dream in German Central Europe, 1900-1925 A Selective Study of the Writings of Kafka, Kubin, Meyrink, Musil and Schnitzler Mary a Vrba Thesis submitted to Swansea University in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Modern Languages Swansea University 2011 ProQuest Number: 10798104 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. -
Philosophy Sunday, July 8, 2018 12:01 PM
Philosophy Sunday, July 8, 2018 12:01 PM Western Pre-Socratics Fanon Heraclitus- Greek 535-475 Bayle Panta rhei Marshall Mcluhan • "Everything flows" Roman Jakobson • "No man ever steps in the same river twice" Saussure • Doctrine of flux Butler Logos Harris • "Reason" or "Argument" • "All entities come to be in accordance with the Logos" Dike eris • "Strife is justice" • Oppositional process of dissolving and generating known as strife "The Obscure" and "The Weeping Philosopher" "The path up and down are one and the same" • Theory about unity of opposites • Bow and lyre Native of Ephesus "Follow the common" "Character is fate" "Lighting steers the universe" Neitzshce said he was "eternally right" for "declaring that Being was an empty illusion" and embracing "becoming" Subject of Heideggar and Eugen Fink's lecture Fire was the origin of everything Influenced the Stoics Protagoras- Greek 490-420 BCE Most influential of the Sophists • Derided by Plato and Socrates for being mere rhetoricians "Man is the measure of all things" • Found many things to be unknowable • What is true for one person is not for another Could "make the worse case better" • Focused on persuasiveness of an argument Names a Socratic dialogue about whether virtue can be taught Pythagoras of Samos- Greek 570-495 BCE Metempsychosis • "Transmigration of souls" • Every soul is immortal and upon death enters a new body Pythagorean Theorem Pythagorean Tuning • System of musical tuning where frequency rations are on intervals based on ration 3:2 • "Pure" perfect fifth • Inspired -
PTSD and Sleep Corporal Michael J
VOLUME 27/NO. 4 • ISSN: 1050-1835 • 2016 Research Quarterly advancing science and promoting understanding of traumatic stress Published by: Philip Gehrman, PhD National Center for PTSD University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry VA Medical Center (116D) 215 North Main Street Gerlinde Harb, PhD White River Junction Estadt Psychological Services and Vermont 05009-0001 USA PTSD and Sleep Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center (802) 296-5132 Richard Ross, MD, PhD FAX (802) 296-5135 Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Email: [email protected] University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry All issues of the PTSD Research Quarterly are available online at: www.ptsd.va.gov Introduction Study, 52% of combat Veterans with PTSD reported a significant nightmare problem (Neylan et al., 1998). Editorial Members: PTSD is unique among mental health disorders in In a general community sample, nightmares were Editorial Director that sleep problems represent two of the diagnostic endorsed by 71% of individuals with PTSD (Leskin, Matthew J. Friedman, MD, PhD criteria of the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Woodward, Young, & Sheikh, 2002). Posttraumatic Bibliographic Editor Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual nightmares are independently associated with Misty Carrillo, MLIS of Mental Disorders (DSM-5); recurrent nightmares daytime distress and impaired functioning over and Managing Editor are part of the intrusion cluster of symptoms, and above the impact of overall PTSD severity (Levin & Heather Smith, BA Ed insomnia is a component of the arousal cluster. Nielsen, 2007; Littlewood, Gooding, Panagioti, & While these sleep problems are symptoms of PTSD, Kyle, 2016). National Center Divisions: the evidence suggests that they tend to become Executive independent problems over time, warranting sleep- Insomnia and recurrent nightmares are traditionally White River Jct VT focused assessment and treatment. -
Chemistry the Chemistry of Dreams
Research Paper Volume : 4 | Issue : 5 | May 2015 • ISSN No 2277 - 8179 Chemistry KEYWORDS : Dreams,Sleep,REM(rapid eye The Chemistry of Dreams (A-Review) moment),NREM,Harmones Dr Sanjay Sharma DAV College Amritsar ABSTRACT Human body needs sleep under all circumstances, during sleep all mammals dream. Even People who become blind after birth can see dreams. Those who are blind by birth have dreams equally vivid involving their other senses of sound, smell, touch and emotion. There are certain chemicals which are associated with dreams. To study the chemistry of brain during dreams is a challenging job but still certain theories have been put forth to explain process of dreams. Dreams are sort of sensations or mysterious mental images that occur involuntarily in the mind during sleep. The study of dreams is called oneirology. During dreams activity of brain is very high but body is in the state of temporarily paralysis. About 20 per cent of our sleep time can have dreams, in most of cases awakenings from REM sleep resulted in recall of a dream, as compared with awakenings from NREM sleep. The dreams are considered to be connected to day time etly in bed. thoughts [1]. Most of dreams are lost to recall after few minutes [2] or even within seconds [3] after the end of the REM period. Our brain experiences four types of electrical brain waves: “del- Studies performed in certain animals revealed that REM depri- ta,” “theta,” “alpha,” and “beta.” together they form the electroen- vation may lead to hypersexual and hyperaggressive, which has cephalography (EEG). -
Catalogue of Titles of Works Attributed to Aristotle
Catalogue of Titles of works attributed by Aristotle 1 To enhance readability of the translations and usability of the catalogues, I have inserted the following bold headings into the lists. These have no authority in any manuscript, but are based on a theory about the composition of the lists described in chapter 3. The text and numbering follows that of O. Gigon, Librorum deperditorum fragmenta. PART ONE: Titles in Diogenes Laertius (D) I. Universal works (ta kathalou) A. The treatises (ta syntagmatika) 1. The dialogues or exoterica (ta dialogika ex terika) 2. The works in propria persona or lectures (ta autopros pa akroamatika) a. Instrumental works (ta organika) b. Practical works (ta praktika) c. Productive Works (ta poi tika) d. Theoretical works (ta the r tika) . Natural philosophy (ta physiologia) . Mathematics (ta math matika) B. Notebooks (ta hypomn matika) II. Intermediate works (ta metaxu) III. Particular works (ta merika) PART TWO: Titles in the Vita Hesychii (H) This list is organized in the same way as D, with two exceptions. First, IA2c “productive works” has dropped out. Second, there is an appendix, organized as follows: IV. Appendix A. Intermediate or Particular works B. Treatises C. Notebooks D. Falsely ascribed works PART THREE: Titles in Ptolemy al-Garib (A) This list is organized in the same way as D, except it contains none of the Intermediate or Particular works. It was written in Arabic, and later translated into Latin, and then reconstructed into Greek, which I here translate. PART FOUR: Titles in the order of Bekker (B) The modern edition contains works only in IA2 (“the works in propria persona”), and replaces the theoretical works before the practical and productive, as follows. -
Copyrighted Material
INDEX N.B: italicized page numbers indicate figures 9/11, 3 anarchy, 257–260 coordination problem Abigail through objection to, 259–260 time, 157 anatta, 176 Adams, Douglas, 84 Anselm of Canterbury, 69 afterlife, 89–91 Aquinas, Thomas, 73, 78 agent causation, 133–135, Aristotle see also free will, cosmological argument, 75 dilemma argument ethical views, 52–54, 56–57 magic objection to, 135 function argument, 56–57 mystery objection to, 134 on agent causation, 133 vs. event causation, 135 on future contingents, agnosticism 116–117 definition of, 92 pinnacle of philosophical Aldrin, Buzz, 188 reason for Luther, 63 alien hand, 174 sea battle argument, Alighieri, Dante, 152 116–117 Allah, 6, 91, 95 zoon politikon, 261 altruism, 11 Armstrong, Neil, 188 examplesCOPYRIGHTED of, 12–13 Aspect, MATERIAL Alain, 127 Amish, 57–58 atheism analytical engine, 206 definition of, 92 This Is Philosophy: An Introduction, Second Edition. Steven D. Hales. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. bindex.indd 286 2/12/2021 5:37:33 PM Index 287 atheists Book of Mormon, 66 distrust of, 93 Boyle’s law, 94 percentage, 93 brain Atman, 151 corpus callosum, 173–175 Autrey, Wesley, 104 fission, 174–175 fusion, 175 Babbage, Charles, 206 hemispheres, 173–174 balancing positive evidence, 229 seat of psychology, 163 balancing zero evidence, 229 structure, 196 barber paradox, 94–95 switching, 161–163 Barry, Sue, 199–200, see also the transplants, 161–163 knowledge argument brave officer paradox, 166–168, beer see also clos- comparative ratings -
Radical Psychoanalysis
RADICAL PSYCHOANALYSIS Only by the method of free-association could Sigmund Freud have demonstrated how human consciousness is formed by the repression of thoughts and feelings that we consider dangerous. Yet today most therapists ignore this truth about our psychic life. This book offers a critique of the many brands of contemporary psychoanalysis and psychotherapy that have forgotten Freud’s revolutionary discovery. Barnaby B. Barratt offers a fresh and compelling vision of the structure and function of the human psyche, building on the pioneering work of theorists such as André Green and Jean Laplanche, as well as contemporary deconstruction, feminism, and liberation philosophy. He explores how “drive” or desire operates dynamically between our biological body and our mental representations of ourselves, of others, and of the world we inhabit. This dynamic vision not only demonstrates how the only authentic freedom from our internal imprisonments comes through free-associative praxis, it also shows the extent to which other models of psychoanalysis (such as ego-psychology, object-relations, self-psychology, and interpersonal-relations) tend to stray disastrously from Freud’s original and revolutionary insights. This is a vision that understands the central issues that imprison our psychic lives—the way in which the reflections of consciousness are based on the repression of our innermost desires, the way in which our erotic vitality is so often repudiated, and the way in which our socialization oppressively stifles our human spirit. Radical Psychoanalysis restores to the discipline of psychoanalysis the revolutionary impetus that has so often been lost. It will be essential reading for psychoanalysts, psychoanalytic psychotherapists, mental health practitioners, as well as students and academics with an interest in the history of psychoanalysis. -
The English Dream Vision
The English Dream Vision ANATOMY OF A FORM J. Stephen Russell The English Dream Vision ANATOMY OF A FORM By J. Stephen Russell The first-person dream-frame nar rative served as the most popular English poetic form in the later Mid dle Ages. In The English Dream Vision, Stephen Russell contends that the poetic dreams of Chaucer, Lang- land, the Pearl poet, and others employ not simply a common exter nal form but one that contains an internal, intrinsic dynamic or strategy as well. He finds the roots of this dis quieting poetic form in the skep ticism and nominalism of Augustine, Macrobius, Guillaume de Lorris, Ockham, and Guillaume de Conches, demonstrating the interdependence of art, philosophy, and science in the Middle Ages. Russell examines the dream vision's literary contexts (dreams and visions in other narratives) and its ties to medieval science in a review of medi eval teachings and beliefs about dreaming that provides a valuable survey of background and source material. He shows that Chaucer and the other dream-poets, by using the form to call all experience into ques tion rather than simply as an authen ticating device suggesting divine revelation, were able to exploit con temporary uncertainties about dreams to create tense works of art. continued on back flap "English, 'Dream Vision Unglisfi (Dream Vision ANATOMY OF A FORM J. Stephen Russell Ohio State University Press • Columbus Copyright © 1988 by the Ohio State University Press. All rights reserved. Quotations from the works of Chaucer are taken from The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, ed. -
The Anxiety of Teaching
Chapter 1 The Anxiety of Teaching Anxiety Dreams It’s the middle of the semester, and I suddenly realize that for weeks I have been skipping one of the classes I am assigned to teach. Panicked and guilt- ridden, I jump into the car, and drive frantically to the campus, but I get hopelessly lost on one-way streets, driving up and down the ramps of packed garages. Finally I park illegally, and run to the classroom building, which is on a high hill. When I arrive, breathless, to my amazement the students are still in the room, and I try to explain why I have not showed up for six weeks and to pretend that I know what we are supposed to discuss. I know that I am in trouble for this shocking dereliction of duty, and cannot explain to myself why I have been so feckless and irresponsible. It’s a teaching dream, one of the occupational hazards of all professors. My husband, who teaches French literature, has a recurring dream of “lec- turing, brilliantly I feel, with unaccustomed eloquence and animation, and then I realize that I am in an L-shaped room, and that another lecturer is speaking out of sight around the corner, but to the same students I am talking to. And their rapt attentiveness is actually for that other course.” Just before he retired, after 35 years of teaching, he dreamed that he was “in my old junior high school, a square building with a courtyard, with stairways at each corner. I am lost, looking in vain for my mailbox, where I will pre- sumably find the directions to my classroom, while hordes of students rush purposefully by and bells clang ominously, signaling the start of a class I am obviously going to be late for. -
Freud's Wishful Dream Book
Freud’s Wishful Dream Book A L E X A N D E R W E L S H Freud’s Wishful Dream Book princeton university press, princeton, n. j. Copyright 1994 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Chichester, West Sussex All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Welsh, Alexander. Freud’s wishful dream book / Alexander Welsh. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-691-03718-3 (cloth) 1. Freud, Sigmund, 1856–1939. Traumdeutung. 2.Dream interpretation. 3. Psychoanalysis. I. Title. BF175.5.D74W45 1994 154.6′34—dc20 94-10758 This book has been composed in Adobe Garamond Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources Printed in the United States of America 13579108642 The whole thing is planned on the model of an imagi- nary walk. At the beginning, the dark forest of authors (who do not see the trees), hopelessly lost on wrong tracks. Then a concealed pass through which I lead the reader—my specimen dream with its peculiarities, details, indiscretions, bad jokes—and then suddenly the high ground and the view and the question: which way do you wish to go now? Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess, 6 August 1899 C O N T E N T S preface ix chapter one “A Dream Is the Fulfilment of a Wish” 3 chapter two “Dreams Really Have a Secret Meaning” 29 chapter three “So Far as I Knew, I Was Not an Ambitious Man” 51 chapter four “It Had Been Possible to Hoodwink the Censorship” 79 chapter five “The Only Villain among the Crowd of Noble Characters” 109 index of works cited 139 P R E F A C E This short book consists of a commentary in five parts on Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams, as published in the last months of 1899 and revised over the years until the author’s death in 1939. -
Ryan R. Fagan Submitted to the Graduate De
Re-grounding the Cogito: Descartes and the Problem of the Baroque By [Copyright 2015] Ryan R. Fagan Submitted to the graduate degree program in History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ________________________________ Chairperson Benjamin C. Sax ________________________________ Luis Corteguera ________________________________ Steven Epstein ________________________________ George Gale _________________________________ Geraldo Sousa Date Defended: 12 May 2015 The Dissertation Committee for Ryan R Fagan certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Re-grounding the Cogito: Descartes and the Problem of the Baroque __________________________ Chairperson Benjamin C. Sax Date approved: 15 May 2015 ii Abstract: The dissertation offers a historically-based critique of the foundations of modernity in view of the truth claims it struggled to articulate and which continue to dominate the West.At the very core of this problem are the natural sciences, and it is from them that the dominant definition of truth in modernity emanates. Since the entrenchment of the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century, this definition has extended into an entire "worldview" occasioning and determining the modern mode of existence. I argue that to understand the modern foundation of science and truth (and by extension, medicine and all theoretically grounded bodies of knowledge), it is necessary to turn once again to Descartes' seminal role in the histories of philosophy and science. Recognizing Descartes' philosophy as a conceptual point of departure, I give a critical re-reading of his formulation of the Ego cogito-ego sum not only within the internal history of metaphysics (of which science is a part), but as a cultural-historical phenomenon.