Noctuoidea: Erebidae: Arctiinae
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Lista Monografii I Publikacji Z Listy Filadelfijskiej Z Lat 2016–2019 Monographs and Publications from the ISI Databases from 2016 Till 2019
Lista monografii i publikacji z Listy Filadelfijskiej z lat 2016–2019 Monographs and publications from the ISI databases from 2016 till 2019 2019 Artykuły/Articles 1. Bocheński Z.M., Wertz, K., Tomek, T., Gorobets, L., 2019. A new species of the late Miocene charadriiform bird (Aves: Charadriiformes), with a summary of all Paleogene and Miocene Charadrii remains. Zootaxa, 4624(1):41-58. 2. Chmolowska D., Nobis M., Nowak A., Maślak M., Kojs P., Rutkowska J., Zubek Sz. 2019. Rapid change in forms of inorganic nitrogen in soil and moderate weed invasion following translocation of wet meadows to reclaimed post-industrial land. Land Degradation and Development, 30(8): 964– 978. 3. Zubek Sz., Chmolowska D., Jamrozek D., Ciechanowska A., Nobis M., Błaszkowski J., Rożek K., Rutkowska J. 2019. Monitoring of fungal root colonisation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity and soil microbial processes to assess the success of ecosystem translocation. Journal of Environmental Management, 246: 538–546. 4. Gurgul A., Miksza-Cybulska A., Szmatoła T., Jasielczuk I., Semik-Gurgul E., Bugno-Poniewierska M., Figarski T., Kajtoch Ł.2019. Evaluation of genotyping by sequencing for population genetics of sibling and hybridizing birds: an example using Syrian and Great Spotted Woodpeckers. Journal of Ornithology, 160(1): 287–294. 5. Grzędzicka E. 2019. Is the existing urban greenery enough to cope with current concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 and CO2? Atmospheric Pollution Research, 10(1): 219-233. 6. Grzywacz B., Tatsuta H., Bugrov A.G., Warchałowska-Śliwa E. 2019. Cytogenetic markers reveal a reinforcemenet of variation in the tension zone between chromosome races in the brachypterous grasshopper Podisma sapporensis Shir. -
Comparative Morphology of the Male Genitalia in Lepidoptera
COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE MALE GENITALIA IN LEPIDOPTERA. By DEV RAJ MEHTA, M. Sc.~ Ph. D. (Canta.b.), 'Univefsity Scholar of the Government of the Punjab, India (Department of Zoology, University of Oambridge). CONTENTS. PAGE. Introduction 197 Historical Review 199 Technique. 201 N ontenclature 201 Function • 205 Comparative Morphology 206 Conclusions in Phylogeny 257 Summary 261 Literature 1 262 INTRODUCTION. In the domains of both Morphology and Taxonomy the study' of Insect genitalia has evoked considerable interest during the past half century. Zander (1900, 1901, 1903) suggested a common structural plan for the genitalia in various orders of insects. This work stimulated further research and his conclusions were amplified by Crampton (1920) who homologized the different parts in the genitalia of Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera, Trichoptera Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Strepsiptera with those of more generalized insects like the Ephe meroptera and Thysanura. During this time the use of genitalic charac ters for taxonomic purposes was also realized particularly in cases where the other imaginal characters had failed to serve. In this con nection may be mentioned the work of Buchanan White (1876), Gosse (1883), Bethune Baker (1914), Pierce (1909, 1914, 1922) and others. Also, a comparative account of the genitalia, as a basis for the phylo genetic study of different insect orders, was employed by Walker (1919), Sharp and Muir (1912), Singh-Pruthi (1925) and Cole (1927), in Orthop tera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and the Diptera respectively. It is sur prising, work of this nature having been found so useful in these groups, that an important order like the Lepidoptera should have escaped careful analysis at the hands of the morphologists. -
Native Versus Exotic Crotalaria Species (Fabaceae) As Host Plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa Ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) Andrei Sourakov*
Journal of Natural History, 2015 Vol. 49, Nos. 39–40, 2397–2415, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1006700 You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) Andrei Sourakov* McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA (Received 9 April 2014; accepted 2 January 2015; first published online 3 March 2015) Crotalaria plants and Utetheisa ornatrix are closely linked to each other: the larvae destroy the seeds, while the moth depends on hostplants for alkaloids. To better understand the ongoing co-evolution, the present study examines how native hos- tplants compare to exotic ones. Leaf-feeding on Crotalaria pumila, C. rotundifolia,and C. incana,nativetothemoth’s range, led to faster larval development than on the exotic C. lanceolata, C. spectabilis,andC. pallida. Seed-feeding on all species of Crotalaria led to accelerated larval development and a resultant larger adult moth, and correlates with a higher nitrogen content in the plant tissues. These results add a novel dimension to the previous studies of reproductive biology of this model organ- ism. In controlled settings, mature larvae showed preference for leaves of C. spectabilis over those of other species, perhaps due to the higher alkaloid content. Differences in morphology and phenology of Crotalaria determine the ecology of U. ornatrix popu- lations in Florida. The introduction of novel hostplants, on which U. ornatrix can have a significant negative effect and which are of concern to humans as invasive toxic weeds, has greatly expanded the niche occupied by this moth. -
(Lepidoptera, Arctiidae, Arctiinae) Палеарктики И
Åâðàçèàòñêèé ýíòîìîë. æóðíàë 3(1): 1124 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2004 Îñíîâíûå ïóòè ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ è ñòàíîâëåíèÿ òàêñîíîìè÷åñêîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ìåäâåäèö (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae, Arctiinae) Ïàëåàðêòèêè è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèé Major distribution routes for the formation of tiger moth diversity in the Palaearctic and adjacent territories (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae, Arctiinae) Â.Â. Äóáàòîëîâ V.V. Dubatolov Ñèáèðñêèé çîîëîãè÷åñêèé ìóçåé Èíñòèòóòà ñèñòåìàòèêè è ýêîëîãèè æèâîòíûõ ÑÎ ÐÀÍ, óë. Ôðóíçå 11, Íîâîñèáèðñê 630091 Ðîññèÿ. E-mail: [email protected]. Siberian Zoological Museum, Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091 Russia. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ôàóíîãåíåç, Ïàëåàðêòèêà, Åâðàçèÿ, ìåäâåäèöû, Arctiidae, Arctiinae. Key words: faunogenesis, Palearctic, Eurasia, tiger moths, Arctiidae, Arctiinae. Ðåçþìå. Íà îñíîâå äàííûõ ïî èçìåíåíèþ ëàíä- ïîòîì ëåñàìè ñ ó÷àñòèåì øèðîêîëèñòâåííûõ ïî- øàôòîâ â íåîãåíå, ïëåéñòîöåíå è ãîëîöåíå, à òàêæå ðîä, îòñòóïèâøèìè äàëåêî íà þã âî âòîðîé ïîëîâè- èçó÷åíèÿ ñîâðåìåííîãî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ, ðåêîíñò- íå ïëèîöåíà, ê ýòîìó âðåìåíè ìîæíî ïðèâÿçàòü ðóèðîâàíû âåðîÿòíûå ïóòè ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ìåäâå- èñ÷åçíîâåíèå êîíòàêòà ìåæäó íåìîðàëüíûìè ôàó- äèö Ïàëåàðêòèêè è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèé. Åñëè íàìè Ñåâåðíîé Àìåðèêè è Âîñòî÷íîé Àçèè, ïðè- äëÿ ïðåäïîëîæåíèÿ ãåíåçèñà ñîâðåìåííûõ âèäîâ âåäøåå ê îòñóòñòâèþ îáùèõ âèäîâ íà ýòèõ òåððèòî- ñëåäóåò èñïîëüçîâàòü òîëüêî äàííûå ïî ãîëîöåíó è ðèÿõ â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ. Ïðîíèêíîâåíèå ÷åðåç âåðõíåìó ïëåéñòîöåíó, òî äëÿ âûÿâëåíèÿ ãåíåçèñà Áåðèíãèþ â îáîèõ íàïðàâëåíèÿõ àðêòè÷åñêèõ, áî- ðîäîâ è òðèá ñëåäóåò èñïîëüçîâàòü äàííûå ïî áî- ðåàëüíûõ è ÷àñòè÷íî òåìïåðàòíûõ ñîâðåìåííûõ ëåå äðåâíèì ýïîõàì íåîãåíó è êîíöó ïàëåîãåíà. âèäîâ íàèáîëåå âåðîÿòíî ïðîèñõîäèëî âî âðåìÿ îëå- Íà îñíîâå ñîâðåìåííûõ çíàíèé ïîêà íåâîçìîæíî äåíåíèé ïëåéñòîöåíà. Îáðàçîâàíèå òóíäðîâîé ôà- òî÷íî ïðåäïîëîæèòü ìåñòî âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ äàííîãî óíû íà÷àëîñü â ñâÿçè ñ ïåðâûì â êàéíîçîå âîçíèê- ïîäñåìåéñòâà, ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííîãî âñåñâåòíî. -
INSECT DIVERSITY of BUKIT PITON FOREST RESERVE, SABAH
Report INSECT DIVERSITY of BUKIT PITON FOREST RESERVE, SABAH 1 CONTENTS Page SUMMARY 3 1. STUDY AREA & PURPOSE OF STUDY 4 2. MATERIALS & METHODS 7 2.1 Location & GPS points 7 2.2 Assessment using Google Earth programme 7 2.3 Assessment by DIVA-GIS 8 2.4 Insect sampling methods 8 2.4.1 Light trap 8 2.4.2 Sweep net & manual collection 9 2.4.3 Insect specimens and identification 10 3. RESULTS & DISCUSSION 11 3.1 Overall insect diversity 11 3.1.1 Butterfly (Lepidoptera) 12 3.1.2 Moth (Lepidoptera) 12 3.1.3 Beetle (Coleoptera) 12 3.1.4 Dragonfly (Odonata) 12 3.1.5 Other insects 12 4. CONCLUSION 12 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 13 REFERENCES 14 PLATES Plate 1: Selected butterflies recorded from Bukit Piton F.R. 16 Plate 2. Selected moths recorded from Bukit Piton F.R. 17 Plate 3. Beetles recorded from Bukit Piton F.R. 18 Plate 4. Odonata recorded from Bukit Piton F.R. 19 Plate 5. Other insects recorded from Bukit Piton F.R. 20 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Tentative butterfly list from Bukit Piton F.R. 22 Appendix 2: Selected moths from Bukit Piton F.R. 22 Appendix 3: Tentative beetle list from Bukit Piton F.R. 24 Appendix 4: Tentative Odonata list from Bukit Piton F.R. 24 Appendix 5: Other insects recorded from Bukit Piton F.R. 25 Photo (content page): Wild Honeybee nest, Apis dorsata on Koompassia excelsa. 2 INSECT DIVERSITY OF BUKIT PITON FOREST RESERVE, SABAH Prepared for the District Forestry Office, Ulu Segama-Malua Forest Reserves Principal investigators: Arthur Y. -
Exploring Bycatch Diversity of Organisms in Whole Genome Sequencing of Erebidae Moths (Lepidoptera)
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.02.458197; this version posted September 3, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Exploring bycatch diversity of organisms in whole genome sequencing of Erebidae moths (Lepidoptera) Hamid Reza Ghanavi1, Victoria Twort1,2 and Anne Duplouy1,3 1 Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. 2 The Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, Zoology Unit, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 3 Insect Symbiosis Ecology and Evolution, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Corresponding Author: Hamid Reza Ghanavi Ecology Building, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, Skåne, 22362, Sweden Street Address, City, State/Province, Zip code, Country Email address: [email protected] ORCID: • Hamid Reza Ghanavi: 0000-0003-1029-4236 • Victoria Twort: 0000-0002-5581-4154 • Anne Duplouy: 0000-0002-7147-5199 Abstract Models estimate that up to 80% of all butterfly and moth species host vertically transmitted endosymbiotic microorganisms, which can affect the host fitness, metabolism, reproduction, population dynamics, and genetic diversity, among others. The supporting empirical data are however currently highly biased towards the generally more colourful butterflies, and include less information about moths. Additionally, studies of symbiotic partners of Lepidoptera bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.02.458197; this version posted September 3, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
Stau D E Et a L . / Meta Mo Rp H O Sis 31 (3 ): 1 – 3 8 0
Noctuoidea: Erebidae: Aganainae, Anobinae, Arctiinae Date of Host species Locality collection (c), Ref. no. Lepidoptera species Rearer Final instar larva Adult (Family) pupation (p), emergence (e) Erebidae: Aganainae M1637 Asota speciosa Ficus sur Jongmansspruit; c 13.1.2017 A. & I. Sharp (Moraceae) Hoedspruit; p 13.1.2017 Limpopo; e 26.1.2017 South Africa AM113 Asota speciosa Ficus natalensis Kameelfontein, farm; c 23.11.2017 A. & I. Sharp (Moraceae) Pretoria; p 1.12.2017 Gauteng; e 18.12.2017 South Africa Staude M1699 Asota speciosa Ficus sycamorus Epsom (North); c 5.4.2017 A. & I. Sharp (Moraceae) Hoedspruit; p 15.4.2017 et al Limpopo; e 25.10.2017 . South Africa / Metamorphosis L20180331-1V Asota speciosa Ficus sp. Wilderness; c 31.3.2018 J. Balona (Moraceae) Hoekwil; p 9.4.2018 Western Cape; e 22.5.2018 South Africa 31 (3) : 1 ‒ 380 MJB052 Asota speciosa Ficus sur St Lucia; c 9.12.2018 M. J. Botha (Moraceae) KwaZulu-Natal; p 18.12.2018 South Africa e 2.1.2019 138 Noctuoidea: Erebidae: Aganainae, Anobinae, Arctiinae SBR014 Asota speciosa Ficus sur Westville; c 14.1.2018 S. Bradley (Moraceae) Durban; p 16.1.2018 KwaZulu-Natal; e 31.1.2018 South Africa M1832 Digama aganais Carissa edulis Jongmansspruit; c 14.6.2017 A. & I. Sharp (Apocynaceae) Hoedspruit; p 25.6.2017 Limpopo; e 18.7.2017 South Africa M1861 Digama aganais Carissa edulis Glen Lyden (Franklyn c 23.9.2017 A. & I. Sharp (Apocynaceae) Park); p 30.9.2017 Staude Kampersrus; e 14.10.2017 Mpumalanga; South Africa et al . -
Die Unhaltbarkeit Der Gegenwärtigen Imaginalen Und Molekularen Systematisierung Der Quadrifiden Noctuoidea Genitalmorphologische Charakterisierung Der Hadeninae S
Atalanta 45 (1-4): 183-194, Marktleuthen (Sept. 2014), ISSN 0171-0079 Die Unhaltbarkeit der gegenwärtigen imaginalen und molekularen Systematisierung der quadrifiden Noctuoidea Genitalmorphologische Charakterisierung der Hadeninae s. l. (s. KITCHING & RAWLINS, 1998) Leucaniinae subfam. stat. nov. (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) von HERBERT BECK eingegangen am 21.II.2014 Zusammenfassung: Die gegenwärtige imaginal-, molekular-systematische Gliederung der quadrifiden Noctuoidea (FIBIGER & LAFONTAINE, 2005; LAFONTAINE & FIBIGER, 2006) ist unhaltbar und beruht auf falschen Voraussetzungen. Durch larval-chaetotaktische Untersuchungen wird bewiesen, daß sowohl die klassischen Noctuidae (s. HAMPSON), wie auch die Arctiidae (s. HAMPSON) selbständige, monophyletische Familien darstellen, die hier larval charakterisiert werden. Das Gleiche gilt für die Nolidae (s. HAMPSON, s. BECK, 2009). Außer den Nolinae s. str. = Nolidae (s. HAMPSON) sind alle übrigen Unterfamilien der Nolidae s. l. [s. ZAHIRI et al. (2013) - die Diphtherinae, Risobinae, Collomeninae, Beaninae, Eligminae, Westermanniinae, Chloephorinae] den Noctuidae (s. HAMPSON) zuzuordnen. Nach ZAHIRI et al. (2013) sind die Sarrothripinae und Eariadinae als Tribus mit den Chloephorinae kombiniert. Sie werden hier als selbständige Unterfamilien innerhalb der Noctuidae (s. HAMPSON, s. BECK, 2009) gewertet. Die Unterfamilie Hadeninae der Noctuidae wird hier erstmals - genitalmorphologisch - eindeutig charakterisiert. Auf dieser Basis wird die Unterfamilie Xyleninae (s. FIBIGER) mit den Hadeninae synonymisiert: Xylenini sta. nov., comb. nov., Xyleninae syn.nov. Da die genannten spezifischen genitalmorphologischen Merkmale der Hadeninae bei den Leucaniini (beinahe) völlig reduziert und durch Weiterentwicklungen ersetzt wurden, ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, die Leucaniini zur Unterfa- milie zu erheben: Leucaniinae subfam. nov., stat. nov. Eine nähere Betrachtung für das Entstehen der „trifinen“ Hinterflügeladerung aus der „quadrifinen“ erweist, daß dieses Merkmal für die Charakterisierung der Noctuidae (s. -
Catalogue of Eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heterocera in The
XCATALOGUE OF EASTERN AND AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA /N THE COLLECTION OF THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY MUSEUM COLONEL C. SWINHOE F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S. PART I SPHINGES AND BOMB WITH EIGHT PLAJOES 0;cfor5 AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1892 PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRKSS EY HORACE HART, PRINT .!< TO THE UNIVERSITY PREFACE At the request of Professor Westwood, and under the orders and sanction of the Delegates of the Press, this work is being produced as a students' handbook to all the Eastern Moths in the Oxford University Museum, including chiefly the Walkerian types of the moths collected by Wal- lace in the Malay Archipelago, which for many years have been lost sight of and forgotten for want of a catalogue of reference. The Oxford University Museum collection of moths is very largely a collection of the types of Hope, Saunders, Walker, and Moore, many of the type specimens being unique and of great scientific value. All Walker's types mentioned in his Catalogue of Hetero- cerous Lepidoptera in the British Museum as ' in coll. Saun- ders ' should be in the Oxford Museum, as also the types of all the species therein mentioned by him as described in Trans. Ent. Soc, Lond., 3rd sen vol. i. The types of all the species mentioned in Walker's cata- logue which have a given locality preceding the lettered localties showing that they are in the British Museum should also be in the Oxford Museum. In so far as this work has proceeded this has been proved to be the case by the correct- vi PREFACE. -
Feeding Mechanisms of Adult Lepidoptera: Structure, Function, and Evolution of the Mouthparts
ANRV397-EN55-17 ARI 2 November 2009 12:12 Feeding Mechanisms of Adult Lepidoptera: Structure, Function, and Evolution of the Mouthparts Harald W. Krenn Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, A 1090 Vienna, Austria; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2010. 55:307–27 Key Words The Annual Review of Entomology is online at proboscis, fluid uptake, flower visiting, feeding behavior, insects ento.annualreviews.org This article’s doi: Abstract 10.1146/annurev-ento-112408-085338 The form and function of the mouthparts in adult Lepidoptera and Copyright c 2010 by Annual Reviews. their feeding behavior are reviewed from evolutionary and ecological All rights reserved points of view. The formation of the suctorial proboscis encompasses a 0066-4170/10/0107-0307$20.00 fluid-tight food tube, special linking structures, modified sensory equip- Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2010.55:307-327. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by University of Vienna - Central Library for Physics on 12/07/09. For personal use only. ment, and novel intrinsic musculature. The evolution of these function- ally important traits can be reconstructed within the Lepidoptera. The proboscis movements are explained by a hydraulic mechanism for un- coiling, whereas recoiling is governed by the intrinsic proboscis mus- culature and the cuticular elasticity. Fluid uptake is accomplished by the action of the cranial sucking pump, which enables uptake of a wide range of fluid quantities from different food sources. Nectar-feeding species exhibit stereotypical proboscis movements during flower han- dling. Behavioral modifications and derived proboscis morphology are often associated with specialized feeding preferences or an obligatory switch to alternative food sources. -
University of Cape Town and the National Research
The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University University of Ca pe Town THE DEFENSIVE ROLE OF ULTRASONIC MOTH CLICKS AGAINST BAT PREDATION: A MATHEMATICAL MODELING APPROACH Daniel De Lemos Ribeiro Town A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FCapeACULTY OF SCIENCE IN FULFI LL MEN T OF THEof REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DE GREE OF MASTER OF SCI ENCE February 2007 University Su pervisors A. Prof D. S. Jacobs ZoolOgy DepJrtrnent Abstract Some moths emit ultrasonic clicks in response to bat echolocation calls. These clicks are believed to serve as a defence mechanism against bat predation by means of jamming, aposematism or startle. By assessing the characteristics and variation of the ultrasonic moth clicks it was possible to define the most likely function of the ultrasonic clicks by moths from sites in South Africa. Additionally, this study used Schaefer based mathematical models informed by field data on moth diversity and abundance, moth click parameters and bat population numbers and diversity, from these same sites in South Africa, to gainTown insight into the conditions that are required for each of these functions to work. The Jamming hypothesis proposes that moth clicks function by interferingCape with the bat's perceptual system, which is believed to be most effectiveof in the terminal phase of the bat's attack were the clicks have been shown to be the most similar to the bats echolocation calls. -
Structure of the Lepidopteran Proboscis in Relation to Feeding Guild
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY 00:00–00 (2015) Structure of the Lepidopteran Proboscis in Relation to Feeding Guild Matthew S. Lehnert,1,2* Charles E. Beard,2 Patrick D. Gerard,3 Konstantin G. Kornev,4 and Peter H. Adler2 1Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University at Stark, North Canton, Ohio 44720 2Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 3Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 4Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 ABSTRACT Most butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) (Monaenkova et al., 2012). A pump in the head use modified mouthparts, the proboscis, to acquire flu- then forces the liquid up the food canal to the gut ids. We quantified the proboscis architecture of five (Eberhard and Krenn, 2005; Borrell and Krenn, butterfly species in three families to test the hypothesis 2006; Lee et al., 2014). that proboscis structure relates to feeding guild. We Feeding guilds (i.e., groups of species with simi- used scanning electron microscopy to elucidate the fine structure of the proboscis of both sexes and to quantify lar feeding habits) have long been recognized in dimensions, cuticular patterns, and the shapes and the Lepidoptera and have been associated with sizes of sensilla and dorsal legulae. Sexual dimorphism higher taxa, such as nymphalid subfamilies or was not detected in the proboscis structure of any spe- tribes (Gilbert and Singer, 1975; Krenn et al., cies. A hierarchical clustering analysis of overall pro- 2001). Adult Lepidoptera are conventionally cate- boscis architecture reflected lepidopteran phylogeny, gorized into at least two broad feeding guilds: but did not produce a distinct group of flower visitors flower visitors (nectar feeders) and nonflower visi- or of puddle visitors within the flower visitors.