Grundriss Der Geschichte Der Philosophie
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Staying Optimistic: the Trials and Tribulations of Leibnizian Optimism
Strickland, Lloyd 2019 Staying Optimistic: The Trials and Tribulations of Leibnizian Optimism. Journal of Modern Philosophy, 1(1): 3, pp. 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32881/jomp.3 RESEARCH Staying Optimistic: The Trials and Tribulations of Leibnizian Optimism Lloyd Strickland Manchester Metropolitan University, GB [email protected] The oft-told story of Leibniz’s doctrine of the best world, or optimism, is that it enjoyed a great deal of popularity in the eighteenth century until the massive earthquake that struck Lisbon on 1 November 1755 destroyed its support. Despite its long history, this story is nothing more than a commentators’ fiction that has become accepted wisdom not through sheer weight of evidence but through sheer frequency of repetition. In this paper we shall examine the reception of Leibniz’s doctrine of the best world in the eighteenth century in order to get a clearer understanding of what its fate really was. As we shall see, while Leibniz’s doctrine did win a good number of adherents in the 1720s and 1730s, especially in Germany, support for it had largely dried up by the mid-1740s; moreover, while opponents of Leibniz’s doctrine were few and far between in the 1710s and 1720s, they became increasing vocal in the 1730s and afterwards, between them producing an array of objections that served to make Leibnizian optimism both philosophically and theologically toxic years before the Lisbon earthquake struck. Keywords: Leibniz; Optimism; Best world; Lisbon earthquake; Evil; Wolff The oft-told story of Leibniz’s doctrine of the best world, or optimism, is that it enjoyed a great deal of popularity in the eighteenth century until the massive earthquake that struck Lisbon on 1 November 1755 destroyed its support. -
Final Draft Jury
Freedom in Conflict On Kant’s Critique of Medical Reason Jonas Gerlings Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Florence, 24 February 2017. European University Institute Department of History and Civilization Freedom in Conflict On Kant’s Critique of Medical Reason Jonas Gerlings Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Examining Board Prof. Dr. Martin van Gelderen, EUI, Lichtenberg-Kolleg – The Göttingen Institute for Advanced Study (Supervisor) Dr. Dr. h.c. Hans Erich Bödeker, Lichtenberg-Kolleg – The Göttingen Institute for Advanced Study Prof. Stéphane Van Damme, European University Institute Senior Lecturer, Dr. Avi Lifschitz, UCL © Jonas Gerlings, 2016 No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author Researcher declaration to accompany the submission of written work Department of History and Civilization - Doctoral Programme I Jonas Gerlings certify that I am the author of the work Freedom in Conflict – Kant’s Critique of Medical Reason I have presented for examination for the Ph.D. at the European University Institute. I also certify that this is solely my own original work, other than where I have clearly indicated, in this declaration and in the thesis, that it is the work of others. I warrant that I have obtained all the permissions required for using any material from other copyrighted publications. I certify that this work complies with the Code of Ethics in Academic Research issued by the European University Institute (IUE 332/2/10 (CA 297). -
Émilie Du Châtelets Institutions Physiques Über Die Grundlagen Der Physik
Émilie du Châtelets Institutions physiques Über die Grundlagen der Physik Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) im Fach Philosophie an der Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Paderborn vorgelegt von: Andrea Reichenberger Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Volker Peckhaus Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Ruth Hagengruber Disputation: 14. Juli 2014 Note: summa cum laude 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort 4 1 Einleitung 5 1.1 Thema und Forschungsstand . .5 1.2 Problemstellung und Ziel . 12 1.2.1 Zwischen Newton und Leibniz . 12 1.2.2 Zur Newton-Rezeption im 18. Jahrhundert . 16 1.2.3 Zur Leibniz-Rezeption im 18. Jahrhundert . 17 1.2.4 Leibniz contra Newton? . 21 1.2.5 Du Châtelets Rezeption . 25 2 Du Châtelet: Vita und Œuvre 31 2.1 Biographischer Abriss . 31 2.2 Werke und Editionsgeschichte . 33 2.2.1 Principes mathématiques . 33 2.2.2 Éléments de la philosophie de Newton . 37 2.2.3 Dissertation sur la nature et la propagation du feu . 38 2.2.4 Institutions physiques . 39 2.2.5 Essai sur l’optique . 40 2.2.6 Grammaire raisonnée . 40 2.2.7 De la liberté . 41 2.2.8 Discours sur les miracles & Examens de la Bible . 41 2.2.9 Discours sur le bonheur . 42 2.2.10 La Fable des abeilles de Mandeville . 44 2.2.11 Lettres . 45 3 Du Châtelets Institutions physiques im historischen Kontext 47 3.1 Die Editionsgeschichte . 47 3.2 Der Disput mit Jean-Jaques Dortous de Mairan . 48 3.3 Newton in Frankreich . 50 3.4 Der Vorwurf Johann Samuel Königs . -
Contributions to the History of Number Theory in the 20Th Century Author
Peter Roquette, Oberwolfach, March 2006 Peter Roquette Contributions to the History of Number Theory in the 20th Century Author: Peter Roquette Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Mathematisches Institut Im Neuenheimer Feld 288 69120 Heidelberg Germany E-mail: [email protected] 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification (primary; secondary): 01-02, 03-03, 11-03, 12-03 , 16-03, 20-03; 01A60, 01A70, 01A75, 11E04, 11E88, 11R18 11R37, 11U10 ISBN 978-3-03719-113-2 The Swiss National Library lists this publication in The Swiss Book, the Swiss national bibliography, and the detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://www.helveticat.ch. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broad- casting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. © 2013 European Mathematical Society Contact address: European Mathematical Society Publishing House Seminar for Applied Mathematics ETH-Zentrum SEW A27 CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland Phone: +41 (0)44 632 34 36 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.ems-ph.org Typeset using the author’s TEX files: I. Zimmermann, Freiburg Printing and binding: Beltz Bad Langensalza GmbH, Bad Langensalza, Germany ∞ Printed on acid free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my friend Günther Frei who introduced me to and kindled my interest in the history of number theory Preface This volume contains my articles on the history of number theory except those which are already included in my “Collected Papers”. -
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Strickland, Lloyd (2019) Staying Optimistic: The Trials and Tribulations of Leibnizian Optimism. Journal of Modern Philosophy, 1 (1). pp. 1-21. Downloaded from: https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/622207/ Version: Published Version Publisher: Virginia University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.32881/jomp.3 Usage rights: Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Please cite the published version https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk Strickland, Lloyd 2019 Staying Optimistic: The Trials and Tribulations of Leibnizian Optimism. Journal of Modern Philosophy, 1(1): 3, pp. 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32881/jomp.3 RESEARCH Staying Optimistic: The Trials and Tribulations of Leibnizian Optimism Lloyd Strickland Manchester Metropolitan University, GB [email protected] The oft-told story of Leibniz’s doctrine of the best world, or optimism, is that it enjoyed a great deal of popularity in the eighteenth century until the massive earthquake that struck Lisbon on 1 November 1755 destroyed its support. Despite its long history, this story is nothing more than a commentators’ fiction that has become accepted wisdom not through sheer weight of evidence but through sheer frequency of repetition. In this paper we shall examine the reception of Leibniz’s doctrine of the best world in the eighteenth century in order to get a clearer understanding of what its fate really was. As we shall see, while Leibniz’s doctrine did win a good number of adherents in the 1720s and 1730s, especially in Germany, support for it had largely dried up by the mid-1740s; moreover, while opponents of Leibniz’s doctrine were few and far between in the 1710s and 1720s, they became increasing vocal in the 1730s and afterwards, between them producing an array of objections that served to make Leibnizian optimism both philosophically and theologically toxic years before the Lisbon earthquake struck. -
Theodicy and Reason Logic, Metaphysics
THEODICY AND REASONTHEODICY Philosophica 2 — Theodicy and Reason Logic, Metaphysics, GERETTO, PERISSINOTTO CAMPOSAMPIERO, FAVARETTI and Theology in Leibniz’s Essais de Théodicée (1710) edited by Matteo Favaretti Camposampiero, Mattia Geretto, and Luigi Perissinotto Edizioni Ca’Foscari Theodicy and Reason Philosophica Collana diretta da Luigi Perissinotto Cecilia Rofena 2 Edizioni Ca’Foscari Philosophica Direttori Luigi Perissinotto (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Cecilia Rofena (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Comitato scientifico Silvana Borutti (Università degli studi di Pavia, Italia) Jean-Pierre Cometti (Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, France) Arnold Davidson (University of Chicago, USA) Roberta Dreon (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Giuseppe Goisis (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Daniele Goldoni (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Mauro Nobile (Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Italia) Gian Luigi Paltrinieri (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Vicente Sanfélix Vidarte (Universitat de València-Estudi General, España) Direzione e redazione Univerisità Ca’ Foscari Venezia Dipartimento di Filosofia e Beni Culturali Palazzo Malcanton Marcorà Dorsoduro 3484/D, 30123 Venezia http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/col/dbc/10/Philosophica Theodicy and Reason Logic, Metaphysics, and Theology in Leibniz’s Essais de Théodicée (1710) edited by Matteo Favaretti Camposampiero, Mattia Geretto, and Luigi Perissinotto Venezia Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing 2016 Theodicy and Reason: -
Christian Goldbach (1690-1764): Ein Kultur- Und Geheimdiplomat Zwischen Preussen Und Russland
Christian Goldbach (1690-1764): ein Kultur- und Geheimdiplomat zwischen Preussen und Russland Martin Mattmüller, Bernoulli-Euler-Zentrum Basel Vortrag bei der Historischen und Antiquarischen Gesellschaft Basel, 1. Dezember 2014 Am Abend des 1. Dezember 1764 – also heute vor 250 Jahren – verstarb in seinem Haus auf der Vasilevski-Insel in St. Petersburg ein ehemaliger Chefbeamter des russischen Aussenministeriums, der Wirkliche Geheimrat Christian Goldbach. Lassen Sie uns heute abend ein wenig der Frage nachgehen, wer dieser preussische Jurist war, der sein halbes Leben in russischen Staatsdiensten verbracht hat. Ausserhalb der Kreise von Spezialisten für die osteuropäische Geschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts ist der Name Christian Goldbachs heute noch für zwei isolierte Leistungen bekannt: unter Zahlentheore- tikern für die Formulierung einer Vermutung, die bis heute offene Fragen aufwirft (wir haben heute Nachmittag etwas darüber gehört), unter Kryptographen für die Dechiffrierung eines Briefs, der 1744 zur Ausweisung eines französischen Gesandten aus Russland führte. Der erste Herausgeber von Goldbachs Briefwechsel mit Leonhard Euler, Eulers Urenkel Paul Heinrich Fuß, hat seine Kurzbiographie so zusammengefasst: “S’il ne s’est illustré dans aucune spécialité, la cause en doit être attribuée à la grande universalité de ses connaissances”. An dieser Stelle wäre es fällig, die Überschrift und die Lebensdaten mit einem Porträt von Christian Goldbach zu ergänzen. Leider ist das nicht wirklich möglich: einiges spricht dafür, dass er – was für -
Symmetry in Music As a Stylistic Index for the Transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, Arthur L
Symmetry: The Quarterly of the International Society for the Interdisciplinary Study of Symmetry (ISIS-Symmetry) Volume 9, Numbers 1 - 2, 1999 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF SYMMETRY (ISIS-SYMMETRY) President Members of the Board D~nes Nagy, Institute of Applied Physics, Liz Ashburn, School of Art, College of Fine Arts, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305, Japan; The University of New South Wales, P.O.B. 259, [email protected] ac jp Paddington, NSW 2021, Australia, e [email protected] au Chatrman of the Advisory Board Arthur L. Loeb, Carpenter Center for the Vxsual Siglind Bruhn, Department of Musicology and Arts, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, Institute for the Humamties, University of U.S.A, alloeb @ fas harvard edu M~chigan, 1105 Spring St, Ann Arbor, M148103, U.S A.; [email protected] Honorary Presidents Ted Goranson, Sirius Beta Inc., 1976 Munden Konstantin V. Frolov, Institute of Mechanical Point, Virginia Beach, VA 23457-1227, U.S.A., Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Malyl tedg@sirius-beta com Hanton’evskix per. 4, 101830 Moscow, Russia and Laurence I. Gould, Physics Department, Dana Yuval Ne’eman, M. and R. Saclder Institute of Hall 230, University of Hartford, 200 Bloomfield Advanced Studies, Tel-Aviv Umvers~ty, Ramat- Avenue, West Hartford, CT 06117, U.S.A ; Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel; lgould@mail hartford.edu MatddaE@tauex tau.ac.il, and Center for particle Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, Claudio Guerri, Facultad de Arquitectura, Disefio U S.A. y Urbanlsmo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Olleros 2532 2~A - (1426) Buenos Aires, Honorary Members Argentina; claudioguerri@amet com.ar Johann Jakob Burckhardt (Zurich, Switzerland) Harold S. -
European Mathematical Society – National Technical University Sir M
Contents Editorial Team European Editor-in-Chief Vladimir R. Kostic (Social Media) Lucia Di Vizio Department of Mathematics Université de Versailles- and Informatics St Quentin University of Novi Sad Mathematical Laboratoire de Mathématiques 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 45 avenue des États-Unis e-mail: [email protected] 78035 Versailles cedex, France e-mail: [email protected] Eva Miranda Society Departament de Matemàtica Copy Editor Aplicada I, EPSEB, Edifici P Universitat Politècnica Chris Nunn de Catalunya Newsletter No. 95, March 2015 119 St Michaels Road, Av. del Dr Maran˜on 44–50 Aldershot, GU12 4JW, UK 08028 Barcelona, Spain e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Editorial – P. Exner ................................................................... 3 Farewells within the Editorial Board of the EMS Newsletter .......... 4 Editors Zdzisław Pogoda Institute of Mathematics New Editors Appointed .............................................................. 4 Jean-Paul Allouche Jagiellonian University New Section of the Newsletter: YMCo – J. Fresán & V. R. Kostic .. 5 (Book Reviews) ul. prof. Stanisława CNRS, IMJ-PRG, Équipe Com- Łojasiewicza New Members of the EC of the EMS ........................................... 5 binatoire et Optimisation 30-348 Kraków, Poland EMS Paper on Open Access ...................................................... 7 Université Pierre et Marie Curie e-mail: [email protected] 4, Place Jussieu, Case 247 EMS Executive Committee Meeting in Barcelona – S. Huggett ..... 8 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France Vladimir L. Popov EU-MATHS-IN, Year 1 – M. J. Esteban & Z. Strakos .................... 10 e-mail: [email protected] Steklov Mathematical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Joint AMS-EMS-SPM Meeting, 10–13 June 2015, Porto – Jorge Buescu Gubkina 8 S. -
In Memoriam Johann Jakob Burckhardt (13.7.1903–5.11.2006)
Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich (2007) 152(1/2): 45–47 In memoriam Johann Jakob Burckhardt (13.7.1903–5.11.2006) Johann Jakob Burckhardt entstammte einem alten Basler Patrizier- geschlecht, das im 16. Jahrhundert aus dem oberen Münstertal (Schwarzwald) in Basel eingewandert war. Der Stammvater Christoph (Stoffel) Burckhardt (1490–1578) war Tuch- und Seidenhändler, Mitglied der Safran- und Schlüsselzunft und 1553 als Sechser (Zunftvorstand) im Grossen Rat, in dem die Familie bis ins 20. Jahrhundert ohne Unterbruch vertreten war. Von 1603 bis 1875 stellte die Familie auch ständig ein Mitglied im Kleinen Rat. Burckhardts Vater Wilhelm (1862–1964) war Advokat und u. a. Rechtskonsulent am Deutschen Konsulat in Basel. Er war ein ausgezeichneter Reiter und Pferdekenner und veröffentlichte 1944 eine Abhandlung über den Baron Emil von Gillmann und die Entwicklung der Reitkunst in Basel. Die Mut- ter Eleonore Vischer (1867–1949) war die Tochter von Johann Ja- kob Vischer-Iselin (1823–1893), Präsident des Kriminalgerichts und des Direktoriums der Centralbahn.1 In seinen Lebenserinnerungen schildert Burckhardt seine glückliche und wohlbehütete Jugend im herrschaftlichen Eltern- haus an der Wartenbergstrasse 15. Die Primar schule besuchte er an der Sevogelstrasse und das humanis tische Gymnasium am Münsterplatz. Im August 1918 wechselte er an die Obere Realschule im De Wette-Schulhaus, wo er 1922 die Matura erwarb. Im Oktober 1922 schrieb er sich an der zweiten phi- losophischen Fakultät der Universität Basel ein. Da ihn dort die mathematischen Vorlesungen nicht befriedigten, wechselte er im Sommersemester 1923 an die Universität München, wo er u. a. Vorlesungen bei O. Perron, F. Hartogs, W. Wien und R. -
A Glimpse of the De Rham Era
A glimpse of the de Rham era Srishti Chatterji and Manuel Ojanguren Introduction The life of Georges de Rham (1903–1990) covered most of the momentous twentieth century, whose extraordinary events are still affecting our lives to-day. The developments in mathematics which took place during the period of de Rham’s mathematical career, roughly the half-century 1925– 1975, in which de Rham himself played a significant role, are still very much present in modern mathematics. The de Rham era to which the title of the article refers, is to be understood as concerning the years (approximately) 1925–1975; the year 1925 marks the year of de Rham’s graduation from the University of Lausanne and his launching into mathematical research; by 1975 de Rham had officially retired from his professorial positions at the Universities of Lausanne and Geneva. Our modest aim is to allow interested readers to have some glimpses of certain events during this era which we have been privileged to acquire through a perusal of de Rham’s extensive correspondence (and other papers) to which we had access. Naturally, we have supplemented this by a study of his collected papers [9], of several memoirs and historical studies by others (referred to subsequently) and fi- nally an interesting brochure [1] produced by de Rham’s friends, students and collaborators in 1995. We do not claim any historical exhaustiveness, the aim being one of offering an impressionistic glimpse, based however on written documentation. We do not attempt to write a biography of de Rham, although some of the basic biographical elements will be enumer- ated so that those who were not privileged to have known him will have some idea of this major figure in mathematics of twentieth century Swiss Romande. -
Johann Jakob Burckhardt 1903- Manuskripte Und Korrespondenz Aus Seinem Besitz
Research Collection Other Publication Johann Jakob Burckhardt 1903- Manuskripte und Korrespondenz aus seinem Besitz Author(s): Burckhardt, Johann Jakob Publication Date: 1996 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-001631826 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library Handschriften und Autographen der ETH-Bibliothek 226 Johann Jakob Burckhardt * 1903 Prof. Dr. Universität Zürich in Mathematik Wissenschaftshistorische Sammlungen der ETH-Bibliothek Zürich 1996 Abkürzungen Bl Blatt Einh. Einheit hs handschriftlich JJB Joh.Jak.Burckhardt Ms Manuskript NZZ Neue Zürcher Zeitung S Seite Inhaltsverzeichnis I.Manuskripte S. 1-20 1 . Erinnerungen ^ S. 1 2. Diverse Manuskripte, Liste v. Seminarvorträgen S. 1 3. Steineriana S. 1-2 4. Euleriana s- 2-3 5. Biographische Arbeiten S. 3-8 6. Skizzen, Entwürfe, bibliogr. Vorarbeiten u. dergl. S. 8-10 7. Rohmaterialien zum Buch <Symmetrie d.Kristalle> S. 10-12 7.a. Umfangreichere Auszüge, Kopien u. Notizen zu einzelnen Autoren S. 12-13 7.b. Diverse kleinere Exzerpte, Kopien u. dergl. von verschiedenen Autoren S. 14-15 8. Unterlagen zu den zwei Arbeiten Briefwechsel Fe- dorov-Schoenflies-Klein 1971 u. 1972 S. 16-17 9. Referate für Zentralblatt für Mathematik u. Mathe- matikel Review S. 18-19 10. Porträts zum Buch <Symmetrie der Kristalle> (Photo u. Fotokopien) S. 19-20 11. Russische Besprechungen d. Buches <Symmetrie der Kristalle> - und Photos zur Symmetrie der Kristal- le (unidentifiziert), nicht im Buch S. 20 II. Korrespondenz S. 21-29 Anhang mit Korrespondenz JJBs hinten in ändern Nachlässen Johann Jakob Burckhardt *1903 Tit.Prof.