In Memoriam Johann Jakob Burckhardt (13.7.1903–5.11.2006)
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Hilbert Constance Reid
Hilbert Constance Reid Hilbert c COPERNICUS AN IMPRINT OF SPRINGER-VERLAG © 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc in 1996 All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library ofCongress Cataloging·in-Publication Data Reid, Constance. Hilbert/Constance Reid. p. Ctn. Originally published: Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-387-94674-0 ISBN 978-1-4612-0739-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-0739-9 I. Hilbert, David, 1862-1943. 2. Mathematicians-Germany Biography. 1. Title. QA29.HsR4 1996 SIO'.92-dc20 [B] 96-33753 Manufactured in the United States of America. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 543 2 1 ISBN 978-0-387-94674-0 SPIN 10524543 Questions upon Rereading Hilbert By 1965 I had written several popular books, such as From liro to Infinity and A Long Way from Euclid, in which I had attempted to explain certain easily grasped, although often quite sophisticated, mathematical ideas for readers very much like myself-interested in mathematics but essentially untrained. At this point, with almost no mathematical training and never having done any bio graphical writing, I became determined to write the life of David Hilbert, whom many considered the profoundest mathematician of the early part of the 20th century. Now, thirty years later, rereading Hilbert, certain questions come to my mind. -
Publications of Members, 1930-1954
THE INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY PUBLICATIONS OF MEMBERS 1930 • 1954 PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY . 1955 COPYRIGHT 1955, BY THE INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, PRINCETON, N.J. CONTENTS FOREWORD 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY 9 DIRECTORY OF INSTITUTE MEMBERS, 1930-1954 205 MEMBERS WITH APPOINTMENTS OF LONG TERM 265 TRUSTEES 269 buH FOREWORD FOREWORD Publication of this bibliography marks the 25th Anniversary of the foundation of the Institute for Advanced Study. The certificate of incorporation of the Institute was signed on the 20th day of May, 1930. The first academic appointments, naming Albert Einstein and Oswald Veblen as Professors at the Institute, were approved two and one- half years later, in initiation of academic work. The Institute for Advanced Study is devoted to the encouragement, support and patronage of learning—of science, in the old, broad, undifferentiated sense of the word. The Institute partakes of the character both of a university and of a research institute j but it also differs in significant ways from both. It is unlike a university, for instance, in its small size—its academic membership at any one time numbers only a little over a hundred. It is unlike a university in that it has no formal curriculum, no scheduled courses of instruction, no commitment that all branches of learning be rep- resented in its faculty and members. It is unlike a research institute in that its purposes are broader, that it supports many separate fields of study, that, with one exception, it maintains no laboratories; and above all in that it welcomes temporary members, whose intellectual development and growth are one of its principal purposes. -
Émilie Du Châtelets Institutions Physiques Über Die Grundlagen Der Physik
Émilie du Châtelets Institutions physiques Über die Grundlagen der Physik Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) im Fach Philosophie an der Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Paderborn vorgelegt von: Andrea Reichenberger Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Volker Peckhaus Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Ruth Hagengruber Disputation: 14. Juli 2014 Note: summa cum laude 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort 4 1 Einleitung 5 1.1 Thema und Forschungsstand . .5 1.2 Problemstellung und Ziel . 12 1.2.1 Zwischen Newton und Leibniz . 12 1.2.2 Zur Newton-Rezeption im 18. Jahrhundert . 16 1.2.3 Zur Leibniz-Rezeption im 18. Jahrhundert . 17 1.2.4 Leibniz contra Newton? . 21 1.2.5 Du Châtelets Rezeption . 25 2 Du Châtelet: Vita und Œuvre 31 2.1 Biographischer Abriss . 31 2.2 Werke und Editionsgeschichte . 33 2.2.1 Principes mathématiques . 33 2.2.2 Éléments de la philosophie de Newton . 37 2.2.3 Dissertation sur la nature et la propagation du feu . 38 2.2.4 Institutions physiques . 39 2.2.5 Essai sur l’optique . 40 2.2.6 Grammaire raisonnée . 40 2.2.7 De la liberté . 41 2.2.8 Discours sur les miracles & Examens de la Bible . 41 2.2.9 Discours sur le bonheur . 42 2.2.10 La Fable des abeilles de Mandeville . 44 2.2.11 Lettres . 45 3 Du Châtelets Institutions physiques im historischen Kontext 47 3.1 Die Editionsgeschichte . 47 3.2 Der Disput mit Jean-Jaques Dortous de Mairan . 48 3.3 Newton in Frankreich . 50 3.4 Der Vorwurf Johann Samuel Königs . -
Contributions to the History of Number Theory in the 20Th Century Author
Peter Roquette, Oberwolfach, March 2006 Peter Roquette Contributions to the History of Number Theory in the 20th Century Author: Peter Roquette Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Mathematisches Institut Im Neuenheimer Feld 288 69120 Heidelberg Germany E-mail: [email protected] 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification (primary; secondary): 01-02, 03-03, 11-03, 12-03 , 16-03, 20-03; 01A60, 01A70, 01A75, 11E04, 11E88, 11R18 11R37, 11U10 ISBN 978-3-03719-113-2 The Swiss National Library lists this publication in The Swiss Book, the Swiss national bibliography, and the detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://www.helveticat.ch. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broad- casting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. © 2013 European Mathematical Society Contact address: European Mathematical Society Publishing House Seminar for Applied Mathematics ETH-Zentrum SEW A27 CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland Phone: +41 (0)44 632 34 36 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.ems-ph.org Typeset using the author’s TEX files: I. Zimmermann, Freiburg Printing and binding: Beltz Bad Langensalza GmbH, Bad Langensalza, Germany ∞ Printed on acid free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my friend Günther Frei who introduced me to and kindled my interest in the history of number theory Preface This volume contains my articles on the history of number theory except those which are already included in my “Collected Papers”. -
A Calendar of Mathematical Dates January
A CALENDAR OF MATHEMATICAL DATES V. Frederick Rickey Department of Mathematical Sciences United States Military Academy West Point, NY 10996-1786 USA Email: fred-rickey @ usma.edu JANUARY 1 January 4713 B.C. This is Julian day 1 and begins at noon Greenwich or Universal Time (U.T.). It provides a convenient way to keep track of the number of days between events. Noon, January 1, 1984, begins Julian Day 2,445,336. For the use of the Chinese remainder theorem in determining this date, see American Journal of Physics, 49(1981), 658{661. 46 B.C. The first day of the first year of the Julian calendar. It remained in effect until October 4, 1582. The previous year, \the last year of confusion," was the longest year on record|it contained 445 days. [Encyclopedia Brittanica, 13th edition, vol. 4, p. 990] 1618 La Salle's expedition reached the present site of Peoria, Illinois, birthplace of the author of this calendar. 1800 Cauchy's father was elected Secretary of the Senate in France. The young Cauchy used a corner of his father's office in Luxembourg Palace for his own desk. LaGrange and Laplace frequently stopped in on business and so took an interest in the boys mathematical talent. One day, in the presence of numerous dignitaries, Lagrange pointed to the young Cauchy and said \You see that little young man? Well! He will supplant all of us in so far as we are mathematicians." [E. T. Bell, Men of Mathematics, p. 274] 1801 Giuseppe Piazzi (1746{1826) discovered the first asteroid, Ceres, but lost it in the sun 41 days later, after only a few observations. -
Symmetry in Music As a Stylistic Index for the Transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, Arthur L
Symmetry: The Quarterly of the International Society for the Interdisciplinary Study of Symmetry (ISIS-Symmetry) Volume 9, Numbers 1 - 2, 1999 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF SYMMETRY (ISIS-SYMMETRY) President Members of the Board D~nes Nagy, Institute of Applied Physics, Liz Ashburn, School of Art, College of Fine Arts, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305, Japan; The University of New South Wales, P.O.B. 259, [email protected] ac jp Paddington, NSW 2021, Australia, e [email protected] au Chatrman of the Advisory Board Arthur L. Loeb, Carpenter Center for the Vxsual Siglind Bruhn, Department of Musicology and Arts, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, Institute for the Humamties, University of U.S.A, alloeb @ fas harvard edu M~chigan, 1105 Spring St, Ann Arbor, M148103, U.S A.; [email protected] Honorary Presidents Ted Goranson, Sirius Beta Inc., 1976 Munden Konstantin V. Frolov, Institute of Mechanical Point, Virginia Beach, VA 23457-1227, U.S.A., Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Malyl tedg@sirius-beta com Hanton’evskix per. 4, 101830 Moscow, Russia and Laurence I. Gould, Physics Department, Dana Yuval Ne’eman, M. and R. Saclder Institute of Hall 230, University of Hartford, 200 Bloomfield Advanced Studies, Tel-Aviv Umvers~ty, Ramat- Avenue, West Hartford, CT 06117, U.S.A ; Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel; lgould@mail hartford.edu MatddaE@tauex tau.ac.il, and Center for particle Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, Claudio Guerri, Facultad de Arquitectura, Disefio U S.A. y Urbanlsmo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Olleros 2532 2~A - (1426) Buenos Aires, Honorary Members Argentina; claudioguerri@amet com.ar Johann Jakob Burckhardt (Zurich, Switzerland) Harold S. -
100 Jahre Schweizerische Mathematische Gesellschaft∗
100 Jahre Schweizerische Mathematische Gesellschaft∗ Erwin Neuenschwander Inhaltsverzeichnis Zur Mathematik auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Schweiz vor der Gesellschaftsgründung 23 Gründung, Organisation und Veranstaltungen der SMG 29 Die mathematischen Zeitschriften der SMG 48 Vertretung in internationalen Gremien und Organisation von deren Kongressen 58 Das Archiv der SMG 65 Literatur 68 Anhang Chronik: 100 Jahre SMG/SMS 70 Zur Mathematik auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Schweiz vor der Gesellschaftsgründung Handschriften aus den Stiftsbibliotheken von Einsiedeln und St. Gallen be- legen die Auseinandersetzung mit mathematischen Fragen auf dem Ge- biet der heutigen Schweiz bereits ab dem Frühmittelalter. Vom 9. bis ins 11. Jh. erlebte die St. Galler Klosterschule im Zuge der karolingischen Bil- dungsreform eine Hochblüte. Mathematik wurde damals im Rahmen des ∗ Der Auftrag, in relativ kurzer Zeit eine Geschichte der Schweizerischen Mathematischen Gesellschaft (SMG/SMS) zu erarbeiten, erwies sich in Anbetracht des umfangreichen Ge- sellschaftsarchivs (ETH-Bibliothek, Archive, Hs 1447) als ein recht schwieriges Unterfangen, indem bereits die Sichtung des Archivmaterials ein paar Monate in Anspruch nahm. Wir danken der SMG für den Zugang zu ihrem internen elektronischen Archiv und zahlreichen Altpräsidenten für ihre wertvollen Hinweise. Ein ganz besonderer Dank geht an Norbert Hungerbühler und Urs Stammbach, die uns wiederholt Fragen beantworteten, sowie an die MitarbeiterInnen der Spezialsammlungen der ETH-Bibliothek, die uns bereitwillig bei der Herstellung von über tausend Arbeitskopien halfen. Dank gebührt auch Christian Baertschi für die Durchsicht des Manuskripts und des Korrekturabzugs sowie für seine kritischen Hinweise. 24 E. Neuenschwander Quadriviums der Septem artes liberales gelehrt, dem mittelalterlichen Bil- dungskanon. Unter den in St. Gallen benutzten Schriften zum Quadrivium Abbildung 1. -
European Mathematical Society – National Technical University Sir M
Contents Editorial Team European Editor-in-Chief Vladimir R. Kostic (Social Media) Lucia Di Vizio Department of Mathematics Université de Versailles- and Informatics St Quentin University of Novi Sad Mathematical Laboratoire de Mathématiques 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 45 avenue des États-Unis e-mail: [email protected] 78035 Versailles cedex, France e-mail: [email protected] Eva Miranda Society Departament de Matemàtica Copy Editor Aplicada I, EPSEB, Edifici P Universitat Politècnica Chris Nunn de Catalunya Newsletter No. 95, March 2015 119 St Michaels Road, Av. del Dr Maran˜on 44–50 Aldershot, GU12 4JW, UK 08028 Barcelona, Spain e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Editorial – P. Exner ................................................................... 3 Farewells within the Editorial Board of the EMS Newsletter .......... 4 Editors Zdzisław Pogoda Institute of Mathematics New Editors Appointed .............................................................. 4 Jean-Paul Allouche Jagiellonian University New Section of the Newsletter: YMCo – J. Fresán & V. R. Kostic .. 5 (Book Reviews) ul. prof. Stanisława CNRS, IMJ-PRG, Équipe Com- Łojasiewicza New Members of the EC of the EMS ........................................... 5 binatoire et Optimisation 30-348 Kraków, Poland EMS Paper on Open Access ...................................................... 7 Université Pierre et Marie Curie e-mail: [email protected] 4, Place Jussieu, Case 247 EMS Executive Committee Meeting in Barcelona – S. Huggett ..... 8 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France Vladimir L. Popov EU-MATHS-IN, Year 1 – M. J. Esteban & Z. Strakos .................... 10 e-mail: [email protected] Steklov Mathematical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Joint AMS-EMS-SPM Meeting, 10–13 June 2015, Porto – Jorge Buescu Gubkina 8 S. -
Leonhard Euler: the First St. Petersburg Years (1727-1741)
HISTORIA MATHEMATICA 23 (1996), 121±166 ARTICLE NO. 0015 Leonhard Euler: The First St. Petersburg Years (1727±1741) RONALD CALINGER Department of History, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE After reconstructing his tutorial with Johann Bernoulli, this article principally investigates provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector the personality and work of Leonhard Euler during his ®rst St. Petersburg years. It explores the groundwork for his fecund research program in number theory, mechanics, and in®nitary analysis as well as his contributions to music theory, cartography, and naval science. This article disputes Condorcet's thesis that Euler virtually ignored practice for theory. It next probes his thorough response to Newtonian mechanics and his preliminary opposition to Newtonian optics and Leibniz±Wolf®an philosophy. Its closing section details his negotiations with Frederick II to move to Berlin. 1996 Academic Press, Inc. ApreÁs avoir reconstruit ses cours individuels avec Johann Bernoulli, cet article traite essen- tiellement du personnage et de l'oeuvre de Leonhard Euler pendant ses premieÁres anneÂes aÁ St. PeÂtersbourg. Il explore les travaux de base de son programme de recherche sur la theÂorie des nombres, l'analyse in®nie, et la meÂcanique, ainsi que les reÂsultats de la musique, la cartographie, et la science navale. Cet article attaque la theÁse de Condorcet dont Euler ignorait virtuellement la pratique en faveur de la theÂorie. Cette analyse montre ses recherches approfondies sur la meÂcanique newtonienne et son opposition preÂliminaire aÁ la theÂorie newto- nienne de l'optique et a la philosophie Leibniz±Wolf®enne. -
Jarník's Notes of the Lecture Course Allgemeine Idealtheorie by B. L
Jarník’s Notes of the Lecture Course Allgemeine Idealtheorie by B. L. van der Waerden (Göttingen 1927/1928) Monographs and Textbooks in Algebra at the Turn of the 20th Century In: Jindřich Bečvář (author); Martina Bečvářová (author): Jarník’s Notes of the Lecture Course Allgemeine Idealtheorie by B. L. van der Waerden (Göttingen 1927/1928). (English). Praha: Matfyzpress, 2020. pp. 61–110. Persistent URL: http://dml.cz/dmlcz/404381 Terms of use: Institute of Mathematics of the Czech Academy of Sciences provides access to digitized documents strictly for personal use. Each copy of any part of this document must contain these Terms of use. This document has been digitized, optimized for electronic delivery and stamped with digital signature within the project DML-CZ: The Czech Digital Mathematics Library http://dml.cz 61 MONOGRAPHS AND TEXTBOOKS IN ALGEBRA at the turn of the 20th century 1 Introduction Algebra as a mathematical discipline was initially concerned with equation solving. It originated in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia four thousand years ago, and somewhat later also in ancient China and India. At that time, equations in the present sense, i.e., formal expressions based on a certain, perhaps very primitive notation, did not exist yet. The ancient arithmeticians were able to solve word problems leading to equations or their systems by means of meticulously memorized procedures, which can be nowadays aptly designated as algorithms. They have successfully tackled a number of problems, which often correspond to present-day problems of school mathematics, sometimes being much more difficult. Their methods of calculation largely correspond to our procedures used for solving equations or their systems. -
The Swiss Mathematical Society
News, Visit LMS NEWSLETTER http://newsletter.lms.ac.uk SwISS MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY In 1883, on the centenary of Euler's death, Ferdinand Rudio suggested to publish all books, papers and the correspondence of Leonhard Euler in a scientifc edition. Rudio was one of the organizers of the frst International Congress of Math- ematicians in 1897 in Zürich and advanced his plan on that occasion further. Finally, in 1907, the bi- centennial of Euler’s birth, the Swiss Academy of Natural Sciences agreed to pursue this project and an Euler Committee was installed. The resulting activities made it desirable to have a national mathematical Euler's desk society which was then founded on 4 September 1910 by Marcel Grossmann, again in Zürich in 1932 and in 1994. Each Rudolf Fueter and Henri Fehr. A few years time, the SMS played a major role in organ- 28 later, the need for a mathematical journal izing the Congress. Moreover, in 2007, the was felt. Since Switzerland has four offcial SMS was the hosting organization of the languages, a Latin title for the journal was ICIAM in Zürich. chosen in a meeting of the Swiss Mathemati- In 1930, a Committee was set up by the SMS cal Society (SMS) on 20 May 1928: Commen- to take care of the legacy of Jakob Steiner, tarii Mathematici Helvetici. In the sequel, and in 1937 the same committee was given in 1929, Michel Plancherel, Andreas Speiser, the responsibility for the archive left by Émile Marchand and Rudolf Fueter estab- Ludwig Schläfi. The journal Elemente der lished the Foundation for the Promotion Mathematik was founded in 1946 by Louis of the Mathematical Sciences with the aim Locher-Ernst. -
Jarník's Notes of the Lecture Course Allgemeine Idealtheorie by BL Van
Jarník’s Notes of the Lecture Course Allgemeine Idealtheorie by B. L. van der Waerden (Göttingen 1927/1928) Bartel Leendert van der Waerden (1903-1996) In: Jindřich Bečvář (author); Martina Bečvářová (author): Jarník’s Notes of the Lecture Course Allgemeine Idealtheorie by B. L. van der Waerden (Göttingen 1927/1928). (English). Praha: Matfyzpress, 2020. pp. 7–[32]. Persistent URL: http://dml.cz/dmlcz/404377 Terms of use: Institute of Mathematics of the Czech Academy of Sciences provides access to digitized documents strictly for personal use. Each copy of any part of this document must contain these Terms of use. This document has been digitized, optimized for electronic delivery and stamped with digital signature within the project DML-CZ: The Czech Digital Mathematics Library http://dml.cz 7 BARTEL LEENDERT VAN DER WAERDEN (1903 – 1996) Family, childhood and studies Bartel Leendert van der Waerden was born on February 2, 1903 in Amster- dam in the Netherlands. His father Theodorus van der Waerden (1876–1940) studied civil engineering at the Delft Technical University and then he taught mathematics and mechanics in Leewarden and Dordrecht. On August 28, 1901, he married Dorothea Adriana Endt (?–1942), daughter of Dutch Protestants Coenraad Endt and Maria Anna Kleij. In 1902, the young family moved to Amsterdam and Theodorus van der Waerden continued teaching mathematics and mechanics at the University of Amsterdam where he had become interes- ted in politics; all his life he was a left wing Socialist. In 1910, he was elected as a member of the Sociaal-Democratische Arbeiderspartij to the Provincial government of North Holland.