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Congelation-Structure and Frost-Heaving Ratio at Assan, Manchuria Sugaya, J

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Congelation-Structure and Frost-Heaving Ratio at Assan, Manchuria Sugaya, J NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC Congelation-Structure and Frost-Heaving Ratio at Assan, Manchuria Sugaya, J. For the publisher’s version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l’éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous. Publisher’s version / Version de l'éditeur: https://doi.org/10.4224/20331435 Technical Translation (National Research Council of Canada), 1956 NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC: https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=eaecced8-f651-4a9b-b2cb-f7f9c04630a1 https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=eaecced8-f651-4a9b-b2cb-f7f9c04630a1 Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE. L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at [email protected]. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n’arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à [email protected]. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA Technical Translation TT-596 Title: Congelation-structure and frost-heaving ratio at Assan, hhnchuria. Author: LEji Sugaya, Institute of Low Temperature Science, HokkaidE University, Sapporo, Japan. Translator: E.R. Hope, Directorate of Scientific Information Service, Defence Research Board, Canada, Translated, with the permission of the aul;hor, from an unpublished manuscript, This translation has also been issued by the Defence Research Board as their translation T54J. The Division of Building Research of the National Research Council is keenly interested in permafrost research, having now its ovm Permafrost Research Station at Norman Wells, N.W.. -.T. Contact is maintained with the Sliow. Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment of the U. S. Departuie6t of Defence in connection with this work and allied snow and ice research, The Division shares this interest with many branches of the Department of National Defence and in particular with the Defence Research Board, Through the Defence Scientific Information Service of the Board this translation was kindly made available to the Division for inclusion in the N.R.C, series of translations, following earlier cooperation of the same order, The translation was kindly carried out by Mr, E.R, Hope of the Defence Research Board staff with the permission of Dr. Sugaya, The Division here records its thanks to Mr, Hope for this further expert translation service, and to the Defence Research Board for their kind agreement to the inclusion of this translation in the N,R. C. series, It may be surprising to some readers to find Japanese research workers interes-te6 in the problems of permafrost, until it is noted that the paper refers to work in Manchuria, The translation shows that permafrost problems are certainly not peculiar to North America, It is hoped that the publi- cation of this translation, as a joint venture by the Defence Research Board and the Division of Building Research, National Research Council, will prove to be a useful contribution to public lsnowledge of this irnportant subject, OTTAWA, Robert F, Legget, April 1956. Director, CONGELATION-STRUCTURE AND FROST-HEAVING RATIO AT !ASSAN, MANCHURIA Institute of Low Temperature Science, HokkaidZ University, Sapporo, Japan Translated (from unpublished manuscript) by E.R. Hope Directorate of Scientific Information Service DRB Canada January 25, 1956 The Defence Research Board of Canada thanks the author Dr. JGji Sugaya, and Professor Zyungo Yoshida, Director of the Institute of Law Temperature Science, Hokkaid5 University, for permission to publish this translation. Note- An effort has been made to adjust the terminology of this trans- lation to conform with that which is likely to bocome standard in Canada, a terminolow agreeing closely with one suggested by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. For this reason there is a divergence from the language of previous translations, in particular DRR translation T 25 J (also published as National Research Council Technical Translation 382). For example, the term "frost layerff of T 25 J, which directly translates the Japanese expression, has been replaced, in T 54 J, by "permafrost", except in a few cases where this is not the correct sense. The reason for this is the conflicting use, in Canada, of Itfrost layern to designate the seasonal freezing at the surface ... a term of low inherent intelligibility which might well be replaced by fftop-frosttf (parallel to fftop-soilff,etc.). CONGELATION-STRUCTURE AND FROST-HEAVING RATIO IN PERMAFROST AT ASSAN, MANCHURIA JCji Sugaya Institute of Lon Temperature Science, HokkaidE University, Sapporo, Japan. 1. Argument During a five-day period from September 29th to October 3rd, 19h3, at a water resources field research station about four kilometers from the village of Assan in the North Manchurian permafrost belt, the author carried out a study of the congelation-structure of the permafrost bed, and collected permafrost samples. In this work he utilized a pit excavated by the Manchurian Railway Underground Plater Resources Survey Unit for geological research purposes. From study of the samples, it was possible to calculate the frost-heaving ratio for the bod; also to suggest, from the state of occurrence of the frozen soil, a theory of the cause of the bed's formation. The results are set forth below. 2. Details of Topography and Time The Assan Valley is at about 120~40~East Longitude and 49'53 1 North Latitude, on the upper reaches of the Merger River, a tributary of the Khailar, where it penetrates deeply into the Greater Khingan l!ountains. It is an old valley, with a breadth of about four kilometers and extending back about twelve km. The point where the present investigation was made is about half way up the valley. On the west of the valley are the mountains of the Khingan Range; to the east, across the river-bed plain, the ground rises into a belt of hills, as shown in Fig.2. At about the center of the plain, there is the slaw- flowing Assan River, 10 to 15 m wide. Close to where the foothill-slopes of the mountains descend eastward onto the river plain, we find a swamp [muskeg] about a meter deep, fed by spring water; a good deal of water also came from the borings which were made around this swamp. The pit where we made our investigation is on the border-line between the plain and the hill which may be seen in theforeground of Fig.2. The slope in this vicinity is about 2.s0. Four pits were dug at intervals of 50 or 100 m along a line running straight dmthis slope, and ours was the third from the upper end. At the time, the Water Resources Survey Unit was making a hydrological and geological stucly at this station, using sixteen borings and these four hand-excavated pits. The author, in the present research, directed his attention mainly to these pits. It was impossible to study the permafrost structure from drill cores, because the water used in drilling thawed the permafrost . The ground in the vicinity of the No.3 pit, where we made our study, was 2 or 3 meters above the water level in the swap which may be seen in the photograph. As for the pedology of this region, the topsoil was of hums, but forming a comparatively shallow layer, and the grass-cover was rather poor. Around a point 15'0 m up from No.3 pit, the surface soil wm thin, from 70 to 80 cm in depth. Below it was gravel, apparently a weathered sedimentary deposit. Still higher up the slope, there were places where the stone and gravel showed at the ground surface and the grass-cover disappeared. Excavation of pit No.3 had been started on September 21st. Subsequent progress was as shovm in Table 1. When the author arrived at the place, he found the pit quite well corrwed with matting. Results of ground temperature distribution measurements (madi. by Mr. Yamada of the Water Resources Survey Unit) during the course of the excavation are shown in Table 2, The ground. temperatures were measured, as shm in Fig.3 (wall B), by cutting a block out of the wall, 50 cm wide and going back 25 cm; then thermometers were inserted horizontally into the new face to a further depth of 25 cm. The orientation and dimensions of the excavated pit were as shown in Fig .3; it was dug to 1 x 1.9 m size and taken to depth 3.5 m. The state of the pit walls on the 29th, the day we began our study, was that the topsoil and the brawn loam layer beneath it were thawed out, and the wall surface had dried and hardened; farther down, the wall surface was permafrost. The permafrost wall surface had thawed; nevertheless, possibly because of intensive sublimation, the earth did not cave in, but kept more or less its original shape. The depth of thawing at the time of our investi- gation was around 2.1 m, Between depths 1.9 and 2,l m, pract,ically no ice could be found even at a distance of 60 cm back from the pit wall.
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