THE Charges by Cuba Confirmed MILITANT On Guantanamo Base Killing Published in the Interests of the Working People By Fred Halstead isolated and seldom-used gate but MAY 1 — The case of the U.S. found it “stuck.” Then he went Vol. 27 - No. 18 M onday, M ay 6, 1963 P rice 10c Marine Corps officers and the to get a hammer, Szili said, but in killing of a Cuban bus driver at his absence Jackson got the gate Guantanamo Bay is further proof open and walked off the base with of the serious moral decay within Lopez. By the time Szili returned, the U.S. government which has Jackson had shot and killed the HUAC Inquisitors Subpoena been exposed repeatedly in the Cuban. confrontations between Washing­ Szili said Jackson told him that ton and revolutionary Cuba. Lopez had lunged at him and he had been forced to shoot. (Jack­ N.C. ‘Kidnap’ Case Attorney The case has just begun to re­ son, a husky combat infantryman, ceive coverage in U.S. newspa­ holds the Congressional Medal of pers. But there has actually been Honor reportedly for having sin- NEW YORK — The Committee no secret elsewhere about many to Aid the Monroe Defendants an­ glehandedly killed some 50 Ja­ of the major facts, which Cuban panese soldiers in one World War nounced April 29 that its counsel, Armed Forces Minister Raúl Cas­ Conrad Lynn, the well-known II battle.) tro revealed a year and a half ago Szili said further that after the civil-rights and civil-liberties at­ at the funeral of the murdered torney, has been served with a body lay hidden for several days, man, Rubén Lopez Sabariego. he, two other officers and Jackson subpoena by the House Un-Amer­ That funeral, on Oct. 20, 1961, was ican Activities Committee, order­ had fetched it back inside the base attended by the largest gathering and buried it. They were afraid ing him to appear before it in ever seen in the city of Guan­ a Cuban patrol would find it and Washington, D.C., on May 6. tanamo. “make an international scandal,” Lynn ascertained by telephone The case came to light in this Raul Castro the former Lieutenant explained. from the HUAC staff counsel that country last week when an article He said that the body was dis­ Chairman Walter intends to in­ by Jack Anderson appeared in the covered by base police after some­ quire about Lynn’s trip to Cuba. April 26 syndicated column of lustrate how distorted human one let the secret out and that Drew Pearson. Anderson claimed values have become in the U.S. Attorney Lynn went to Cuba a all four officers involved were year ago to get depositions of the that four officers had been “un­ as a result of the hysteria built up against the Cuban Revolution. finally forced out of the Marine testimony of Robert F. Williams, justly” forced out of the U.S. Corps. Marine Corps because one of them But the totality of facts now his wife Mable Williams, and one A reporter at the press confer­ had killed a Cuban suspected of available indicates something of their sons, all of whom were ence asked: “In other words, the spying on the base and the others even more serious — the accuracy witnesses to the racial distur­ only thing you did wrong here bances set off by a police-en­ had helped bury the body. of Raul Castro’s 1961 charges. These accused the administration was getting caught?” Szili re­ couraged mob of white supremac­ plied: “That’s right.” ists Aug. 27, 1961 in Monroe, North Press Conference of the naval base and the U.S. Carolina. The CAMD has under­ The story was further elaborat­ government of covering up the The Facts Conrad Lynn taken to aid all defendants in the ed by former Lieutenant William brutal murder of an innocent man Now here are the facts pre­ framed-up “kidnap” case which A. Szili, one of the officers in­ by U.S. personnel stationed at viously cited by Raul Castro: Far local authorities concocted out of of a long career as a civil-liberties volved, at a news conference in Guantanamo. from being a sinister or threaten­ those events against Negroes and champion has never concealed his Washington April 27. The con­ First, let’s look at the story as ing figure, Lopez was a slightly- a white Freedom Rider. Lynn is abhorrence of the methods of the ference was arranged by Congress­ told by former Lieutenant Szili: built, father of nine children. He not only the attorney for two of House Un-American Activities man Richard S. Schweiker (R- He claims that Captain Arthur J. had been working at the U.S. those now awaiting trial in that Committee, declares that he will Penn.) who said it was a shame Jackson, his company commander, naval base for 14 years. He drove case, as well as defense attorney tolerate no attempt by that com­ the officer was forced out of the found Lopez in a “restricted” area a bus there. Like the overwhelm­ in related cases in Monroe, he mittee either to infringe on any of Marines for such a minor infrac­ and so informed the base police. ing majority of Cuban workers, has also long been the attorney his own constitutional rights or to tion. They told him to escort Lopez off including those working on the for Robert F. Williams, the former damage the efforts to secure The attitudes of both the con­ the base and turn him loose in U.S. base and living outside it, he president of the Union County justice for the framed-up Monroe gressman and the lieutenant on Cuban territory. Szili said that he was loyal to the Castro revolution (N.C.) branch of the NAACP. defendants. this matter are shocking and il- and Jackson then took Lopez to an and made no secret of that fact. Williams, who was forced to flee He was last seen by his wife, Monroe, his native town, with his Georgina, when he left for the family finally was granted po­ In Memory of William Moore weekend shift on Saturday, Sept. litical asylum in Cuba. 30, shortly before noon. He would The CAMD points out that in ordinarily have returned home view of local racists’ attempts to around 3 P.M. the next day. When smear the Monroe defendants and ‘Freedom Walkers’ Face Jail in Alabama he did not, his wife asked his fel­ those who have come to their aid, low workers about him. Several of it is no coincidence that the date By William Bundy there.” Moore had more recently excuse not to send in federal them had been with Lopez in a Lynn has been ordered before MAY 1 — The William L. lived in Binghamton, N. Y., and troops. workers’ rest barracks on the base HUAC, is also the date of the Moore memorial “freedom walk” Baltimore, Md., where he was an when Lopez was arrested there at The Attorney General also de­ 10:40 P.M. Saturday night by a opening of the retrial in Monroe began today as a group of 12 active member of CORE. He was a fended the administration’s ap­ Marine officer. The Cuban work­ of 18-year-old Jay van Covington members of the Student Non­ familiar figure in the peace move­ pointment of Southern segrega­ ers said they heard his name as who is being defended by CAMD. violent Co-ordinating Committee ment as well as in civil-rights and tionists to federal judgeships. He “Captain Johnson.” and the Congress of Racial Equali­ civil-liberties demonstrations, al­ Carefully Timed said he was “very proud of the Lopez’s wife inquired at the ty started walking from Chatta­ though he was not philosophically The CAMD also points out that judges that have been appointed.” base several times and was refer­ nooga, Tenn., headed for Jack­ a pacifist. the HUAC hearing comes at a The president’s brother also de­ red to the base chaplain, Father son, Miss. The route — along U.S. moment best calculated to preju­ “Freedom Sail” plored criticism of the FBI just Highway 11 — goes through a Thomas J. Hailsberthy, who told dice adversely the fight of Mrs. because it can’t seem to find her Lopez had been arrested and corner of Georgia and then into It was Moore who conceived the Mae Mallory, another Monroe lynchers, arsonists and snipers expelled from the base. On Oct. Alabama where state officials “Freedom Sail” demonstration on “kidnap” defendant, against extra­ when the victims are Negroes or 18 she was informed by an em­ have threatened to arrest the behalf of Negro newsman William dition from Ohio to North Caro­ voter-registration workers. ploye of the Swiss consulate — marchers. Worthy to expose the hypocrisy of “It is the greatest investigative lina. Mrs. Mallory’s long fight Worthy’s conviction for re-enter­ which handles U.S. relations in against extradition has all but ex­ Alabama’s “safety director,” A1 body in the world,” he said of Cuba — that her husband’s body Lingo, who has earned a reputa­ ing the U.S. without a passport. the FBI. “The criticism is unwar­ hausted further recourse in the Worthy had been arrested on that had been found three days earlier courts and may very shortly be up tion for harassing civil-rights ranted and unjustified.” (Continued on Page 5) fighters said yesterday of the charge when he returned from re­ for final determination by Ohio’s porting in Cuba. Moore and sev­ governor. marchers: “They will be arrested, Money to Mississippi placed in jail and charged with eral other white Freedom Riders Conrad Lynn, who in the course cruised out of New York harbor Meanwhile the NAACP coun­ Some Things They breach of the peace.” James For­ tered President Kennedy’s rejec­ man, SNCC executive director and last Columbus Day and went be­ yond the three-mile limit. Upon tion of the proposal to withhold Manage to Learn James Farmer, national director of federal funds from Mississippi by the Congress of Racial Equality, returning they “surrendered” A Massachusetts Institute of themselves at the U.S. Immigra­ reaffirming a request for such ac­ Technology student who parti­ said the march would go on any­ tion. NAACP executive secretary way. tion Service for having violated cipated in the unsuccessful the same law used to convict Roy Wilkins declared April 26 April 25 bombing raid on a Low Bail Worthy. They didn’t get arrested that U.S. Treasury Department re­ Cuban oil refinery near Ha­ The man accused of murdering but they got some newspaper ports indicate Mississippi received vana told the Boston Traveler Moore has been released on $5,000 publicity for the case. It was an $154,000,000 in U.S. grants-in-aid he had made the bombs which bail. He is Floyd Simpson, a action typical of the many to alone during 1961. Wilkins said proved duds. “We had trouble grocery-store owner, who is which the quiet, friendly, 36-year- Mississippi should get “not a with the fuses,” he complained. charged with shooting Moore old mailman devoted his free dime” until civil rights are pro­ While the MIT student may tected there. with a .22-caliber rifle while time. Moore was shot down April not have learned much tech­ Moore walked along Highway 11 23 as he walked alone 93 miles The Kennedy administration had nology he apparently has outside Attalla, Alabama, with from the start of his last demon­ also come in for strong criticism learned well how to echo the two signs draped over him. The stration on behalf of justice. from CORE leader James Farmer cynicism of his government. signs read: “Equal Rights for All.” Meanwhile, Attorney General the week before. Speaking over The Kennedy administration, and “Eat at Joes, Both Black and Robert Kennedy met last week a New York radio station Farmer for example, blandly insists White.” with the Governors of Alabama, said the administration should that the GIs fighting and dying in South Vietnam aren’t at Moore, who was born in Chatta­ Georgia and South Carolina and stop trying to appease the segre­ war — they’re merely “tech­ nooga and raised in Mississippi, assured them that he favored the gationists in Congress. Farmer also had written a letter to President solution of “racial problems” by predicted that Negroes might elect nicians” and “advisers.” The would-be bomber from MIT Kennedy before starting his walk. state authorities without federal a mayor in Greenwood, Miss., In it he said he was making the intervention. The purpose of his when they complete their voter- said he didn’t believe he was violating the law in participat­ walk “for the South and hopefully visits was obviously to try to con­ registration drive. He said Negroes ing in the raid. He was, he said, to illustrate that the most basic vince the Southern governors to should be elected as sheriffs and of freedoms of peaceful protest is allow some token integration so police chiefs in a number of Mis­ merely a “technician” and not Mae Mallory not altogether extinguished down the administration would have an sissippi counties. engaged in “direct warfare.” Page Two THE MILITANT M onday, M ay 6, 1963

Campesinos Begin Land Reform A Peru Paper’s Interview of Hugo Blanco

Printed below is the translation of an interview with peasant lead­ er Hugo Blanco which appeared in the Oct. 28, 1962, issue of the Peruvian newspaper Expreso. We The Teamsters Union in Phila­ and poll-tax-paying drive among had heard of this interview some delphia won a landslide victory the local agricultural workers, al­ time ago but only recently man­ against the AFL-CIO-backed most all of whom are of Mexican aged to obtain a copy. Though it VOICE group in a National Labor descent. The union trucked labor­ is old and in some respects out­ Relations Board election com­ ers from the fields to the polls. dated by events, such as the send­ pleted April 28. The vote was The “Latino” slate won by 100 ing of troops to La Convención 4,893 to 2,550 for the Teamsters votes out of 1,600 cast. (see articles in Feb. 25 M ilitant to continue as bargaining agent Units of the Texas Rangers — entitled “Havana Magazine Hails for 8,400 drivers and helpers in an arm of the state police which Peruvian Guerrillas” and “Cam­ the Philadelphia area. This was in the past was associated with pesino Unions Press Fight for the second try for the VOICE “keeping the Mexicans in their Land, Liberty”), we are reproduc­ group which had lost an election place” — have moved into Crystal ing it now because of its intrinsic last year by the much narrower City. The District Attorney said interest and because of the dearth margin of 596 votes. That elec­ he was investigating alleged ir­ of information about Hugo Blan­ tion was set aside on a VOICE regularities in the balloting. Re­ co. — Editor. complaint of intimidation. plied the new head of the city * * * The VOICE raid was the most council, Juan Cornejo: “My people Hugo Blanco, the leader of the serious challenge the IBT has don’t have enough money to buy campesinos of Cuzco whom Ex­ faced since it was expelled from votes.” preso found hiding in the heart of the AFL-CIO in 1957. Rank and * # * Chaupimayo six month ago, is file criticism is still high against The International Ladies Gar­ carrying out his own agrarian re­ such Philadelphia Teamster of­ ment Workers Union is having form in the valleys of La Con­ ficials as Local 107 president Ray trouble in Israel. Rhoda Lee, a vención, Lares, Ocobamba, as he BUILDERS OF PERU’S FUTURE. Peasant leader Hugo Blanco Cohen, but the fear of a govern­ blouse manufacturer in the U.S. announced at that time in this (second from left, standing) and fellow-fighters in the struggle ment-backed, “soft” union proved which was struck by the ILGWU newspaper. to win land for the long-oppressed Peruvian peasants. even greater. The Teamsters won ten weeks ago, is trying to break on promises by IBT president Last May, after many adven­ the strike by having its blouses tures, two editors of Expreso had James R. Hoffa of democratic re­ produced in Israel. Objections of the 380 estates which are in which the landowners formerly forms and a tough bargaining succeeded in interviewing Blanco from ILGWU leaders here to the whole valley of La Conven­ exploited for themselves. Accord­ policy. The Teamsters Union is in his almost inaccessible hiding Histadrut, the state-connected ción, are in the hands of the cam­ ing to Blanco’s own statement, the demanding an area-wide contract place. At that time he denied federation of labor in Israel, have pesino unions and have been par­ product of the land is used for and a 43-cent-an-hour wage in­ being a guerrilla and defined him­ apparently not been answered celed out. “We want to destroy the the expenses of the union, to run crease in the current negotiations. self as “a labor leader, who would system of big estates,” he said. several schools controlled by the satisfactorily. IL.GWU General not have to be one if the gamo­ VOICE had opposed both demands. Secretary-Treasurer Louis Stul- “We don’t want to kill gamonales. campesino government, and to * * * nales [big landowners] did not ex­ build a large hospital in Chaupi­ berg flew to Israel this month to We don’t feed on blood but on A “compromise” ruling April 23 ploit the campesinos so much.” the products of the soil.” mayo. “investigate” the production of by the National Labor Relations Hugo Blanco today is no longer The special correspondent of Rhoda Lee blouses in Israel. The While our correspondent was Board held that the International the ragged and almost barefooted Expreso who interviewed Hugo ILGWU is a heavy financial con­ talking with him at Chaupimayo, Ladies Garment Workers Union tributor to Histadrut. ex-student of agriculture whom Blanco did not see any other arms. several delegations from campe­ was guilty of unfair labor prac­ * * * Expreso found six months ago. Hugo Blanco was very emphatic sino unions in Apurimac, Urubam- tices in intimidating organizers Now he has a heavy black beard Complaints of racial discrimina­ when he stated that there are no ba and other estates of Cuzco for the union from joining the and he wears heavy shoes; he car­ tion in employment and advance­ guerrillas in La Convención. But came to speak with him. They had Federation of Union Organizers ries a Mauser on his shoulder and he added that “there will be when ment have been filed by the come to ask “advice” from “com­ (FOUR). But the board also held two pistols in the back pockets of the oligarchies so desire it and NAACP against a number of cor­ pañero Hugo Blanco.” These meet­ that the ILGWU was not guilty his blue jeans; he dictates “de­ when the government sends troops porations with government con­ ings are held in secret. But in­ of such practices in firing Con­ crees,” ordering the parceling out to destroy our agrarian reform.” tracts. Also cited in the complaints variably the delegations return to stantine Scdares, the leading or­ of the haciendas of the area, which He added, “But we will not be the are four AFL-CIO unions, which their places of origin taking with ganizer of FOUR among the are obeyed faithfully by the cam­ first ones to fire a shot. But I will have cooperated with the racial them three precepts which they ILGWU organizers and business pesinos who follow him as well as policies of the corporations. One not be responsible for what will are to follow: agents. by the terrified landowners. happen if the police massacre the of these is the Brotherhood of 1) They should take possession * * * Wherever he goes he is followed campesinos.” Railway Clerks. “The union, in of the rented lands which they are “No contract, no work,” was es­ by robust campesinos armed with When he was told that he looked clear violation of an anti-dis­ working; they should stop paying tablished as a principle of the shotguns and machetes. In every like Fidel Castro, he answered, crimination pledge signed by its rents and they should not work New York City local of the United president, George M. Harrison, hut in Chaupimayo there is al­ “I may look like him, but my for the landowners. Federation of Teachers in a refe­ ways a bed ready for him and methods are different. Cuba’s with the president’s Committee, 2) They should parcel out the rendum during April. The mem­ his companions, for he never agrarian reform was the product maintains more than 100 Jim fallow lands. bers voted 12,043 to 2,027 to es­ sleeps two successive nights in the of the bloody war which was con­ Crow locals,” said NAACP labor tablish the following procedure: secretary Herbert Hill. same place. ducted from the Sierra Maestra. 3) They should expel the land­ owners. The first offer of the board of * * * He justifies such precautions by It was its outcome. Here the op­ posite is true.” This program has been followed education will be put to a mem­ The NAACP will hold a con­ saying that 200 policemen under bership vote in June. If it is re­ ference on unemployment in June. the command of Major José In­ When he said this he very on several large estates with great significantly struck a very small jected, a strike date is automatical­ On the basis of estimates by eco­ fantes, with orders to take him success. As the days pass, Hugo manual of guerrilla warfare writ­ Blanco’s fame and renown spread ly set for September. Such a nomists, the association said, the dead or alive, are hunting for strike cannot be called off except country faces a permanent unem­ him. Secretary of Agrarian Re­ ten by the famous “Major Bayo,” among the campesinos. The un­ who has been called the teacher certainty and the discontent which by approval of a new contract by ployment rate of 4 1/2 to 5 per form of the Campesino Federation membership vote. cent. “This means 10 to 12 per of the Department of Cuzco, as he of Che Guevara. Hugo Blanco says his presence has created may be that he has introduced into the summarized in what a store owner The last time the local struck, cent of the Negro work force is calls himself, Hugo Blanco, a tall an injunction was issued and the doomed to joblessness,” said man, governs practically all the Valley of La Convención the sys­ in Santa Teresa said to the cor­ tem of cooperative labor, based on respondent of Expreso: “Only God local’s leaders —- under pressure NAACP executive secretary Roy valleys of La Convención. the communal working of the lands knows what may happen after.” of top city AFL-CIO officials who Wilkins, “in view of the fact that Blanco appoints justices of the didn’t want to embarrass the the present unemployment rate peace, teachers, communal author­ Mayor — called off the strike among Negroes is two to two-and- ities and the members of the without consulting the member­ a-half times that among white “Agrarian Reform Commissions” ship. workers.” of the estates which fall into their Meeting in Springfield Hears New York State’s Condon-Wad- hands. Up to the present, accord­ lin law outlaws strikes by public ing to what he told Expreso, 40 Truman Nelson on Monroe employees including teachers. Peace Strike Group Teachers point out that the po­ SPRINGFIELD, Mass., April 26 and to the public. liticians have allowed the school — An audience at the Holy Tem­ To an inquiry about trade union system to deteriorate and they Calls for May 8 Actions ple Church of God in Christ to­ support, he pointed out that are threatening to strike to reverse The General Strike for Peace night heard novelist Truman whereas in Detroit certain locals this trend. In replying to critics of movement has called for world­ Nelson describe the heroic struggle of the auto workers were giving the teachers’ stand on striking in wide stop-work demonstrations CHICAGO of Negroes in Monroe, N. C. backing, New England unions had spite of the law, Charles Cogen, May 8. On that day, three million VIETNAM— AMERICA'S DIRTY WARI Nelson gave special emphasis to failed in this duty. He commended the local president said: Belgian workers — members of — Speaker, Daniel Rosenshine, vice- the case of Mrs. Mae Mallory, one the Teamsters union for having “Each man must decide for him­ the Belgian trade unions — will chairman, Detroit Student Peace Union. of the defendants, who is fighting put trucks at the disposal of civil- self where the balance lies be­ stop work in commemoration of Fri,, May 10, 8 p.m. 302 South Canal, extradition from Ohio on the rights groups sending relief ship­ tween law and order on the one V-E Day, May 8th, 1945, when Debs Hall 210. Ausp. Friday Night So­ trumped-up “kidnap” charge. He ments to the South. hand and resistance to undemo­ World War II ended in Europe. cialist Forum. said her crime appears to have Urging local support of the cratic government on the other.” “They have chosen this day to • been her presence in the home of Monroe victims despite the ex­ * * * protest the continuation and in­ DETROIT civil-rights leader Robert F. Wil­ istence of problems of discrimina­ The Teamsters Union is incur­ tensification of the Cold War by The Henry Ford Centennial — W ho liams at the time of his protect­ tion and oppression in Springfield ring the wrath of the wealthier their government and all the W as Right, Ford or Marx? Speaker, Evelyn Sell. Fri., May 10, 8 p.m. Debs ing a white couple from possible itself, the novelist of the Aboli­ sections of the population of NATO and Warsaw Pact govern­ Hall, 3737 Woodward. Ausp. Friday injury during the racial crisis in tion movement said: “One of the Crystal City, Texas, a spinach- ments,” according to the Commit­ Night Socialist Forum. Monroe in August 1961. most important things is to dem­ growing center near the Mexican tee for a General Strike for Peace. Rev. Gordon E. Watt moderated onstrate our solidarity. There is border. Earlier this month the in­ In New York, the committee has • the meeting and was one of those money around just the same. We cumbent city councilmen — all announced a vigil at Duffy Square NEW YORK all know that. If anyone is think­ non-Mexican whites — were de­ W H IC H ROAD TO PEACE, A Sym­ who then and there decided to (North end of Times Square) be­ posium. Panelists: David Dellinger, ed ­ constitute themselves the founding ing of buying a Cadillac because feated in an election by a slate of tween 11 a.m. and 12 noon. Be­ itor of Liberation; Fred Halsted, staff nucleus of a Springfield chapter they don’t have anything better to new candidates, all of Mexican tween 2 p.m. and 5 p.m. there will writer, The Militant; Judith Malina, of of the Committee to Aid the Mon­ do with their money, don’t hesi­ descent. The vote was delivered be picketing at the offices of the Living Theatre and General Strike for roe Defendants. tate to go to them personally to by the Political Association of Internal Revenue Bureau and the Peace; Harry Purvis, candidate of Voters Asked what could be done to write out a check for the Com­ Spanish Speaking Organizations Atomic Energy Commission at W. for Peace; and a representative of help, Nelson emphasized over­ mittee to Aid the Monroe De­ (PASO) which has headquarters Houston and Hudson Streets. At W omen Strike for Peace. Fri., May 10, coming the news blackout sur­ fendants.” The CAMD’s address is in San Antonio. PASO and the 8 p.m. a strike rally will be held 8:30 p.m. 116 University Place. Con- Room 10. 168 W. 23 St., New York at Community Church, 40 E. 35th trib. $1 (students, 50c). Ausp. Militant rounding the Monroe case by Teamsters Union united for an Labor Forum. making the story known to friends 3, N. Y. unprecedented voter-registration Street. M onday, M ay 6, 1963 THE MILITANT Page Three

The Peace Walks LONDON LETTER Why No Stand on Vietnam? British Telly No Idiot Box By Fred Halstead the leaders of SANE do not own LONDON — With almost a Two points of considerable im­ the peace movement. Its leaders dozen TV channels within a turn represent only a tiny part of the portance stand out about the re­ of the knob, all setting off a flow movement. The vast majority of cent Easter Peace Walks which of Madison Avenue-made twaddle, We Know a State Secret took place in several major cities those who are active in peace I imagine it is difficult for more organizations, and who turn out sensitive Americans not to be From our secret agent in Tahiti we obtained a copy of the in the U.S. First, and on the good pamphlet distributed by the Spies for Peace at this year’s side, the walks generally had at demonstrations, are adamantly overwhelmed by the apparent om­ opposed to U.S. involvement in Aldermaston March in Britain. larger turnouts — particularly nipotence of this instrument for among high-school and college the Vietnam war. influencing people. The nightmare The accompanying photograph shows the pamphlet which youth — than they have had since The most disgraceful aspect of presented must be more prodi­ caused such an uproar in the newspapers and in Parliament. the situation is that leaders of they became an atomic-age tradi­ gious than all the fictional ver­ The flyleaf states that it is a “First Edition” issued on “Good other peace and radical organiza­ tion. sions conjured up by Aldous Hux­ Friday, 1963” and is copyrighted tions — which do oppose U.S. in­ ley or George Orwell. Particularly Second, and on the bad side, the by Spies for Peace. It is hand­ leaders of most of the peace groups volvement in Vietnam — have so when the government of the allowed the pro-cold-war ele­ day brazenly proclaims its right somely illustrated with maps defaulted on their most important and among other things con­ duty — to protest and expose the ments to dictate action policy for to manipulate the news media. tains lists of secret phone num­ w ar that their own country is the whole movement. This has And especially when all this hap­ involved in right now. The “re­ been particularly true of indi­ pens to coincide with the brink- bers. Without permission of the commended” signs of almost all viduals associated with the Social-. strutting Cuba mania. publishers (since they are a bit the peace groups did not include ist and Communist parties. They For the American rebel who has difficult to locate), we print a any protest against the war in do this, they say, to maintain somehow managed in the past ten few excerpts: “unity,” but actually they run years to hit British shores, and Vietnam. In addition, in at least “The Government has se- three cities, attempts were made the danger of turning the peace to have a look at television, or cretely established a network by persons within the leadership movement into its opposite. The listen to the BBC (British Broad­ of some peace groups to have signs practical result of this policy is casting Company) the contrast of Regional Seats of Govern­ protesting the war in Vietnam re­ extremely dangerous. A general with the home product proved so ment [centers of military gov­ moved from the demonstrations. peace demonstration in the United favorable — simply because there ernment in event of nuclear States which does not mention the was less of everything obnoxious, war.] “RSG-6 is near the USAF This raises a question. Of what war in Vietnam actually gives and less blatantly profferred — Strategic Air Command and the use is a peace movement which cover to the perpetrators of that that a critical attitude almost refuses to protest a war of ag­ war. It makes it appear as if there seems cantankerous. RAF Bomber Command under­ gression and atrocity being per­ is no opposition in the U.S. to the There have been many fine, en­ ground headquarters in High petrated by the government of the U.S. involvement in Vietnam. This lightening programs of the BBC Wycombe .... Even the clocks country -in which that movement is a tremendous asset to the Ken­ and on occasion even of the com­ in RSG-6 are labelled ‘Zulu exists? The answer is that if it nedy administration, which even mercial ITV (Independent Tele­ Time’—the international NATO continues to remain quiet on that now is reported to be considering vision), not to speak of the public­ war, it is a sham and a farce. system based on the U.S. Stra­ escalating that war and the U.S. ly owned radio system, over all tegic Air Command.” It is no secret that the reason involvement in it. those years. Nonetheless these for this scandalous state of af­ media, along with the press, have In a nuclear war exercise “Good Sense” fairs is that a small minority of on the whole been ranged to hold held by NATO in Sept. 1962, the leaders who participate in the Fortunately there were a few up the “affluent society,” its Sir Charles Cunningham, a Permanent Under-Secretary of united front committees calling organizations and individuals with masters and their tools, no less State and “one of the most powerful men” in Britain, “reported the demonstrations object to “em­ the responsibility, the practical pervasively, albeit more unob­ direct to the Cabinet on what he saw in RSG-6.” “Heads of barrassing” the Kennedy adminis­ good sense, and the courage to trusively, than their American departments were officially known as ‘players’ (people like tration. To make the Vietnam war refuse to submit to the attempt “hidden persuader” counterparts. players) and unofficially as ‘gauleiters.’ ” an issue in these demonstrations to keep the Vietnam issue out of would mean that the peace move­ the Easter Peace demonstrations. Created Attitudes ment would no longer be “re­ In New York, the New York City The British instigated the “I’m spectable,” according to these chapter of the Student Peace all right, Jack” attitude that millionaire Paul Getty, problems unemployed marine engineer leaders. Union carried signs with quota­ seeped down into the pores of so­ like unemployment and the plight picked out of an unemployment- The Justification tions from Bertrand Russell’s re­ ciety — to replace the magnificent of old-age pensioners, labor peo­ compensation line. There were cent statement opposing U.S. ag­ wartime and early postwar spirit ple like Wilson and trade-union shots of one of his brothers, a They insist that unless such gression in Vietnam. As the of social responsibility and co­ leader Frank Cousins) is present­ seaman, holding the helm on a slogans are excluded, through one marchers entered the UN plaza, operation that was reflected in the ed in a new, penetrating fashion ship at sea, and of a watertender device or another, they will re­ where the parade terminated and labor landslide of 1945. that really permits the television in the boilerroom of another ship fuse to join the demonstrations. a meeting was held, an attempt viewer to use his own judgment addressing words of appreciation The other leaders then agree to They built up Macmillan and was made to remove these signs. and develop his own values. The and cheer to him. The studio au­ exclude the “embarrassing” his insipid “You never had it so Later, Bayard Rustin of the War same holds true for radio. It is as dience’s enthusiastic handclapping slogans in order to keep the pro- good” slogan into a semblance of Resisters League and chairman of yet feebly reflected in the press, added to the drama. cold-war leaders in the united believability. They stimulated a the meeting, stopped the proceed­ but those papers like the Daily Perhaps most indicative of the front. brief rash of gadgetry that almost ings to demand the removal of the Mirror and the Sunday Pictorial trend was a recent television play, It is understandable that an threatened to bring Americaniza­ anti-Vietnam-war slogans. The — whose formula is based on cash­ “There Might Be a Knighthood in organization which does not claim tion to these shores in its worst crowd, however, sided with the ing in on the mood of their huge It,” by Ann Falconer, a young to oppose the cold war would not form. They even built up Hugh holders of the signs, and the working-class circulations — are writer. This powerful little drama want to protest the war in Viet­ Gaitskell as an acceptable alter­ slogans remained. fast catching the drift. hit close to the bone: It laid bare nam. Such an organization, for ex­ native to Macmillan with a In Chicago, members of the Stu­ “streamlined,” “modernized,” no- TV Leads the links leading from the smooth ample, is the Committee for a British ruling class to their Sane Nuclear Policy. Its leaders dent Peace Union of North­ class-struggle-nonsense, national­ The revolt breaks tnrough par­ charge-hands in the labor move­ and many of its prominent mem­ western University carried signs ization-proof, harmless sort of ticularly on television, which is ment — the house-broken lead­ bers are open supporters of the which said: “Stop the War in Laborism. the most popular of the media, on Kennedy administration and its Vietnam,” and “No War Over They turned what was original­ long-established and hitherto in­ ers, the Jims and Bills who are strung along with the vision of cold-war policies. The organiza­ Cuba.” Certain officials of other ly a joke about the tweedle-dee, nocuous if not inane programs. tion is limited to opposing nuclear organizations on the march at­ tweedle-dum politics of the time Here are a few random exam­ winding up their lives as Sir tests and the nuclear arms build­ tempted to have these slogans re­ into a plausible political system: ples: James or Lord William. More than up. It is not necessarily opposed moved. But here, too, the at­ Butskellism (produced by joining Meeting Point, a peak-hour reli­ that, it took up a forthright and to other warlike acts by the Ken­ tempt failed. the first syllable of the name of gious program devoted to making poignant defense of the tenacious, nedy administration. Indeed, some In Minneapolis, members of the the moderate Tory policy-maker the opiate more palatable for mod­ honest, quiet-spoken shop ste­ of its prominent members openly Socialist Workers Party and the [R.A.B.] Butler to the last in erns, has recently given an hour wards, loyal to their fellows, the support many such acts. Young Socialist Alliance carried Gaitskell) was the thing so far to “Objections to Christian Belief.” backbone of British labor, from This does not mean that SANE signs calling for negotiations with as the mass media went. It was full of outside shots of whom more will be heard in days to come. should not be welcome at any Cuba and the withdrawal of U.S. Looked Substantial crowd interviews, in which the troops from Vietnam. “Officials of overwhelming majority of the So cheer up, all ye who despair general demonstration of the And it looked, indeed, as the Minneapolis Peace Walk Com­ workers and housewives inter­ of the power of the goggle-box peace forces, where it can put though the whole thing had sub­ mittee,” reports the Minneapolis viewed expressed forthright athe­ across the seas. The mass media forth its own point of view and stance, as if it were here to stay. add its weight to the demand for Tribune, “first tried to ban them ist opinions. Sample answer to a are only media after all — means, an end to nuclear armaments. But from the walk, then implored Only the maturing economic question about “life after death” instruments. They are subject to them to congregate at the end of crisis, and the simmering mass from a working-class housewife: change. Yes, to revolution like all the line. They refused to comply.” struggling quietly but persistent­ “When you’re dead you’re just others. In Britain something like These incidents, small in them­ ly to keep it off their backs, final­ cold meat, mate. Let’s get more that is already under way. selves, point up a serious crisis ly burst through this whole facade of the goodies while we’re alive.” — T. J. Peters in the U.S. peace movement. The — and right through the televi­ The bland and smiling Arch­ movement is still attracting sign­ sion screen, so to speak. The col­ bishop of Canterbury, commenting ificant numbers of young people. lapse of the Common Market, the to a compère in the studio while Just Out In their vast majority, these young industrial battles led by the shop watching these goings on, became people are not simply interested stewards, the resurgence of the somewhat less composed and lost in an individual moral stand Labor Party have swept the whole his smile for a flicker. Moscow against war in the abstract, but smug show away. The Sunday Play, another reg­ vs. want to oppose the causes of war, The most popular television pro­ ular feature, recently showed and above all want to take action gram is now “That Was The Week, “The Big Donkey,” a searing, un­ against the specific acts of war That Was” — a satirical show that varnished account of a few days Peking when they are threatened or occur. has turned Supermac into Mini- in the life of a jobless young dock­ These young people will not be mac; as the cartoonist Vicky yard worker, who, in the words The Meaning satisfied with a movement that tagged and re-tagged the premier. of author Stewart Love (a Bel­ Of the Great Debate refuses to oppose and expose the It is a program with the highest fast teacher), “wages a bitter war of aggression and atrocity rating in audience size and leaves struggle to stop his life from dis­ By William F. Warde being perpetrated by the Pentagon no sacred cow in British life un­ integrating,” a worker for whom in Vietnam. They owe no loyalty scarred. The first comprehensive appraisal of “his trade maintains his pride and the Sino-Soviet dispute from a to leaders who default on the duty Nor is satire and spoofing about guarantees his dignity.” Marxist standpoint to organize effective protests the ruling class and its hangers- This is Your Life, a Tuesday against this war. They should not on the only expression of this regular, glamorizing the stories of 50 cents be expected to follow “recom­ revolt of the mass media. Cover­ various celebrities, some quite in­ PIONEER PUBLISHERS mendations” to refrain from mak­ age of live issues and personalities teresting and others superficially I 16 University Place ing this war a major issue at in the news (for example, Cuba, contrived, recently took a leap New York 3, N. Y. peace demonstrations. Algeria, real-estate tycoons, oil into real life with the story of an Page Four THE MILITANT Monday, May 6, 1963

Yevtushenko's Autobiography THE MILITANT Eloquent Voice of Soviet Youth Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Managing Editor: GEORGE LA VAN Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY By George Saunders Published weekly, except from July 11 to Sept. 5 when published bi-weekly, In his Precocious Autobiography by The Militant Publishing Aas’n., 110 University PI., New York S, N.Y. Phone published in the Paris weekly, CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; L’Express, the young Soviet poet, Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The Militant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. Yevtushenko, describes how Stal­ in’s death marked a change in the mood of the country. The attitude Vol. 27 - No. 18 Monday, May 6, 1963 345 of blind obedience died away. The youth especially realized that no one was going to solve the country’s “grave problems” for Franco's Latest Act of Butchery them. Twenty-five years after the Civil War in Spain ended with With the exposure of the Doc­ tors’ Plot, the fall of Beria, the victory for the fascists, Generalissimo Franco court-martialed and brief rise of Malenkov and the executed the Spanish underground Communist leader Julian revelations of those amnestied Grimau Garcia. He hoped this vengeful act would intimidate the from the prison camps, the mood of independent thinking and skep­ rising popular resistance to his decadent and tottering dictatorship. ticism toward the leadership in­ Protests against this cold-blooded murder came from many creased. Instead of applauding re­ parts of the world. These ranged from Premier Khrushchev to forms carried out by the Party, Yevtushenko tends to emphasize Roman Catholic cardinals in France who urged the Catholic the changed awareness of the Primate of Spain to try and halt the death sentence. In Brussels rank-and-file to which the re­ 600 Spaniards in exile held a protest meeting and march. forms catered. AT HELSINKI. Yevgeny Yevtushenko being interviewed at It was at that time, significant­ August 1962 World Youth Festival. As a last resort the wife of the condemned man telephoned ly, that Yevtushenko decided to the White House from Paris, asking Kennedy to intervene. The abandon purely personal lyrics not just for lyric verse. Do not credits this drive to what the President took no action beyond having the State Department and take up the great Russian deceive us.” youth call the “dogmatists.” literary tradition of political poe­ notify the Spanish Embassy that he had received the appeal. He explains why poetry took These men call themselves com­ try. “All tyrants,” he says, “have this semi-political turn. The youth Washington has close and friendly diplomatic relations with held poets to be their worst munists, proclaim agreement with were avid for truth. They did not de-Stalinization, but in reality Madrid. *Franco is one of the defenders of “the free world.” His enemies.” His mother warned him find it in the papers, radio or against the tragic end that so dread the loss of their “cushy regime is financially dependent upon American aid. Kennedy was TV, which “lagged behind the seats.” They hang on everywhere many Russian poets had met. changes in our life.” They turned in a position to exert influence upon his ally to save Grimau from Yevtushenko mentions some ex­ to their posts, fight bitterly against to literature to answer the ques­ the abolition of special privileges, the firing squad. amples in the Soviet period — the tions on their minds. Poetry could suicides of Yessenin and Maya­ and paralyze the reconstruction of But Kennedy did not wish to offend the dictator. He can send be improvised around current agriculture and the reorganization kovsky and the case of Blok, who events and read to a crowd quick­ Adlai Stevenson to Madrid to talk over military bases but not a drank to death. of industry. In their effort to stop ly, an advantage over prose. Thus the de-Stalinization process by any message of mercy to stay the hand of the fascist executioner. Nevertheless, his rebellious spir­ poetry readings — a tradition re­ it impelled him to seek poetry that means, they even try to utilize vived from Mayakovsky’s days — international tension as a pretext would “speak the truth.” This took on the character almost of poetic aim paralleled the search for calling a halt to the youth. street meetings, with poets the But Yevtushenko is confident Our Split-Level Economy of his fellow youth for a new soap-box agitators. orientation. At that time many that “spring” has come, the “win- The United States is the richest country in the world. The tended to fall into cynicism, losing Answers Critics terish” attacks of his critics are rearguard actions doomed to fail­ faith in the Revolution. The duty Yevtushenko discusses the young champions of capitalism contend that free enterprise has not only ure. He cites the difficulties he of young poets, Yevtushenko felt, generation, the social force behind succeeded in producing more than any other system but has went; through in 1957, when he was to revive and purify the rev­ his own rise to prominence. Their was expelled from the Komsomol spread its fruits more widely and fairly. They also claim that olutionary ideals as an alterna­ crtics accuse them of forsaking and the Literary Institute. tive. “the revolutionary traditions” be­ over the past twenty years class differences have diminished as “Thanks to the pressure of the This direction met with an en­ cause they “wear narrow trousers, the gap between rich and poor has been steadily narrowing. youth,” he was readmitted to both thusiastic response. He had writ­ like jazz, read Hemingway and institutions after some time. Robert Lekachman, chairman of the department of economics ten a poem — that no one would admire Picasso.” From this the This is equivalent to notifying publish — contrasting the offi­ critics have developed “the ob­ at Barnard College, is an authority on current income distribu­ his supporters not to lose con­ cial bombast of a May Day parade scure sociological theory of fidence in victory in case reprisals tion in this country. In the April 1963 Commentary he has this with the real enthusiasm of its bourgeois culture corrupting our are aimed at him again for his to say on the subject. youthful participants. On an im­ youth.” publishing this uncensored work. pulse, he read this poem to a It is absurd, Yevtushenko an­ “After a generation of gestures to public housing and urban His closing words are full of con­ turbulent student crowd at a poet­ swers, to equate personal tastes redevelopment, slums still disfigure every sizable American city. fidence. “The dogmatists are ry reading. The tremendous ap­ with political convictions. The more and more impotent to pre­ “Almost unnoticed in our split-level economy, poverty has be­ plause that greeted it showed youth is capable of distinguishing vent the democratization of my come a permanent condition for a very large slice of the urban Yevtushenko that he was taking the good from the bad in Western country. Not that I let myself population. As Herman Miller demonstrated in a striking article the right path. culture. Far from preventing their get intoxicated by optimistic il­ But not only did he bring his struggle for a socialist culture, in the New York Times Magazine (Novem ber 11, 1962), literally lusions. I know our task is dif­ message to the youth. He was contact with the West helps to en­ nothing of consequence has happened to the distribution of in­ ficult and strewn with obstacles. also influenced in return. He tells large mental horizons and render come in the United States since 1944 except a moderate improve­ I know we shall undergo adverse of reading some poetry on his per­ tastes more sophisticated. ment in the position of the second richest fifth of income recipients. blows from the complex evolu­ sonal difficulties. The attitude of This argument directly chal­ tion of the international political “In 1944 the worst-paid fifth of the population received 5 per his young audience was expressed lenges the campaign built up in and economic situation.” cent of the national income, and they are still stuck at this share. by one student, “Don’t forget you the Soviet Union since last De­ “But I believe one must be blind The top fifth, which enjoyed over 45 per cent of the national don’t belong just to yourself. cember against “bourgeois ideo­ not to see the gigantic changes We’ve given you our confidence logy” in the arts. Yevtushenko income in 1944, has maintained its position.” which have already taken place “Even in the 1960’s, to be in the bottom fifth of the income in our country since Stalin’s death. distribution is to be poor in the old fashioned use of the word.” Militant Fund Drive We have been living since 1953 This means that at the height of its prosperity, U.S. capitalism through a veritable spiritual rev­ has not been able to eliminate either poverty or inequality. The olution, a complex one, calling for rich remain rich — and the poor, as the Bible says, “we have al­ May Day Banquet Lifts N.Y. Payments much patience and energy. The ways with us.” This is not the conclusion of a socialist agitator. dogmatist minority, old and young, It is the testimony of a respected professor in a respectable in­ By Marvel Scholl can do nothing against it, for the majority of Soviet people — in stitution of learning in a respectable publication. National Fund Drive Director particular the youth — are at­ On Saturday April 27 the Mili­ porting of the news. Your factual, tached to the ideas of progress and tant Labor Forum in New York informative articles and transcripts determined to make them tri­ held its May Day banquet. As pertaining to Cuba and China are umph. Fund Scoreboard usual it was a very successful af­ invaluable. Keep up the fine The Soviet bureaucracy’s attack fair. The proceeds were earmarked work.” Quota Paid Per cent on Yevtushenko is aimed through City for the Militant Fund Campaign, An old friend, H.M. of New him at the deep-going movement Chicago $ 1,400 $ 800 57 so New York’s 11 per cent jump York, says: “Ten dollars for the of revolutionary regeneration for Detroit 900 500 55 this week gives a measure of the worthy cause of truth in journal­ which he speaks. We share the Connecticut 200 107 54 audience’s enthusiasm. ism.” poet’s confidence that, no matter Minneapolis-St. Paul 1,000 430 43 Chicago, as it has from the be­ And L.M. from Pittsburgh what his personal fate may be, Allentown 150 60 40 ginning, remains at the top of the writes: “You sure hit the nail on this movement will triumph. Boston 750 284 38 scoreboard, with Detroit, Connec­ the head with your opening ar­ Yevtushenko’s autobiography is, New York 5,800 2,225 38 ticut and Minneapolis-St. Paul ticle against the ‘Brainwashers’! without exaggeration, a major Newark 225 82 37 close on its heels. Chicago has de­ Today’s youth are being treated document of our epoch, a precious San Francisco 750 277 37 termined to come in with 100 per mighty poorly by the capitalists’ first-hand report from a new Oakland-Berkeley 750 249 33 cent first so any city which wants prostitute press. Here’s hoping the generation of truth-seekers and St. Louis 100 26 26 to pick up this gauntlet should be Truth Dollars come pouring in and idealists, believing in a genuine Milwaukee 350 85 24 prepared for some fast action! we go way over the top by June socialist humanism. While they San Diego 400 92 23 General remains down near the 15!” have grown up in the Soviet General 345 60 17 bottom as yet, but we are hope­ Our sincere thanks to all these world, they likewise speak for Seattle 600 94 16 ful that we will receive from read­ fine people, both for the contribu­ many in the young generation Philadelphia 350 51 15 ers a great many more letters like tions and for the letters they around the world. Every young Los Angeles 6,300 860 14 the following: wrote. American should read this docu­ Denver 130 15 12 F.M. of Chicago writes: “En­ You can help swell the total of ment, which will soon be published Cleveland 500 31 6 closed is a money order for $10 — this necessary fund by sending in English. It is a powerful anti­ a humble expression of my grati­ your contribution to Militant Fund, dote to the cold war scare stories Totals to April 29 $21,000 $ 6,328 30% tude to the editor and the staff of 116 University Place, New York about an “immutably totalitarian” The Militant for its excellent re­ 3, N. Y. Soviet society. Monday, May 6, 1963 t h e m i l i t a n t Page Five

FLP SPOKESMAN INTERVIEWED Spain’s New Revolutionary Underground Movement

(The March 2 issue of El very great among the Spanish forts and huge sacrifices for an Moudjahid [The Fighter], the of­ youth who see it as the only in­ organization like ours which has ficial newspaper of the Algerian strument for the radical transfor­ only its own resources to rely on. Party of the National Liberation mation of the economic, political In spite of the reformism that Front (FLN), printed an interview and social structure of Spanish is rampant in the workers’ move­ with a spokesman of the FLP, the society. Its influence is growing ments, particularly in Europe — young and militant underground from day to day among the work­ which has unhealthy repercussions movement in Spain which played ers, as was proved by the recent in the heart of the anti-Franco or­ an important role in the 1962 great strikes of April-May 1962. ganizations in Spain itself — the strike wave there. The complete El-Moudjahid: W hat is the at­ Spanish people see more clearly text of the interview is reprinted titude of the FLP concerning the each day the necessity of reso­ below.) old parties of the opposition? lutely taking the road of insurrec­ =:< * * Answer: The FLP was born in tion advocated by us. The last two big revolutions, A new wave of political trials response to the needs of the new, young, revolutionary generations that of the Cuban people and that has just taken place in Spain. of the Algerian people, are a Courts-martial have already con­ of Spain, confronted with the stagnation, the rivalries and the powerful contribution to under­ demned to prison terms -— ranging standing the necessity of armed ineffectual leaderships of the old up to ten years — 47 men and struggle for the liberation of peo­ parties of the traditional left women accused of “military rebel­ ples. lion” for having actively partic­ which are soured by the defeat of 1936-39 and cut off from the El-Moudjahid: Does the FLP ipated in and, in some cases, led have any ties with the Portuguese the big workers’ strikes of the realities and the problems of Spain by long years of exile. revolutionary movements? If not, spring of 1962. The outstanding are such ties foreseen? characteristic of these trials is the This being said, we are not op­ Answer: The struggles of the youth of the accused and their posed to united action with the Spanish and Portuguese peoples membership in a new organization other organizations of the left any are closely Jinked. The reactionary called the Front of Popular Libera­ time that the possibility of a con­ regimes of Franco and Salazar are tion. crete action (strikes, demonstra­ of the same nature and are, more­ The FLP is a relatively new or­ tions, etc.) presents itself. over, bound together by all kinds ganization: It was founded in We arc convinced that to the ol ties. By means of the “Iberian 1958, in .Spain itself. But it is quite degree that we take the initiative Pact,” which is a politico-military evident that its influence with the in the revolutionary struggle, the agreement, the two dictators are DIMINISHING FOLLOWING. Student members of Franco’s Fa- Spanish workers is growing from militants of the other organiza­ pledged to give each other the lange give fascist salute. As demagogic promises failed to material­ day to day, as its predominant tions inside the country will join assistance necessary to maintain ize, that middle-class support which Franco once had evaporated. role since the strikes of 1962 would in this struggle. their oppressive regimes. tend to indicate. El-Moudjahid: What is the at­ Today the regime has little popular support and is maintained by Inasmuch as news of the recent titude of the FLP concerning the Creates Links U.S. guns and dollars. trials has given rise to contradic­ Church? The Franco-Salazar alliance Answer: Our attitude towards tory interpretations of the aims creates links between the revolu­ “volunteers” to support the war and are launched on the struggle the Church is very clear. We ad­ and characteristics of this organi­ tionary vanguard of both coun­ of the colonialists in Angola; sec­ against neo-colonialism which is vocate separation of Church and zation, we took advantage of our tries. Each day will see more and ond, the offer made to France by trying to substitute itself for out­ State, secularization of civil in­ recent meeting, in a foreign coun­ more of these links developing. As the Spanish government to use moded forms of colonial exploita­ try, with one of the representa­ stitutions (civil marriage, possi­ far as we are concerned, we be- the Rio de Oro territory as a base tion. The countries of Asia and bility of divorce, etc.), seculariza­ tives of the FLP to ask him the live in unity of action with the for France’s nuclear experiments. Latin America are fighting against tion of the schools, religious free­ following questions. This will give Portuguese revolutionists. In conclusion, we would like to imperialism, and those which have our readers a better idea of what dom. El Moudjahid: In the opinion of say that, despite the long and acquired independence have the FLP is. El-Moudjahid: What are the the FLP, is there any connection difficult road which lies ahead of chosen the path of socialism. forms of struggle advocated by the El-Moudjahid: Is the FLP a between its own struggle and the us before the socialist revolution The Front of Popular Libera­ Front or a Party? What is its in­ FLP? Are the Spanish people struggle of the colonial peoples triumphs in Spain, we are sure of tion, revolutionary vanguard of ready to take the road of insurrec­ fluence among the Spanish peo­ for independence? victory. The African countries are the Spanish people, is an integral ple? tion? Answer: The FLP, faithful to freeing themselves one after the part of this fight — on a world Answer: We do not, in advance, Answer: The FLP is not, strictly the principles of proletarian in­ other from the yoke of colonialism scale — for socialism and peace. speaking, a Front — because it is project any particular form of ternationalism, a principle which not a coalition of parties but a struggle. is proclaimed in its constitution, revolutionary organization that in­ The immediate objective of the feels complete solidarity with the cludes in its ranks, without any FLP is the overthrow of the dic­ colonial peoples’ heroic struggle ideological discrimination, all ex­ tatorship. This will permit estab­ for independence. ... Guantanamo Base Killing ploited workers, regardless of lishment of popular power capable We are all fighting the same their antecedents. of building socialism in Spain. enemy — imperialism — and we (Continued from Page 1) gue,” and kept the news of the What unites us is the desire to We support the tactic which all have the same goal — social­ “in a ditch” at the base. The day murder from the American peo­ build socialism in Spain and the consists of linking the struggle ism. We are, therefore, united in before, the U.S. Defense Depart­ ple. Now the news has broken, awareness of the necessity of us­ of the masses in the industrial a common struggle. ment issued a statement saying it but the Szili story raises many ing violent means for the seizure centers — their class-struggle ac­ We are convinced that the most had found Lopez’s body and that questions. Szili has named Jack­ of power by the workers. More­ tivities such as strikes, demonstra­ effective aid we can give to the “an investigation into the circum­ son as the killer, but the story over, we are convinced that only tions, boycotts, etc. — with armed colonial movements for national stances surrounding his death is of a self-defense shooting cannot revolutionary action will unite in­ struggle in the agricultural regions independence is embodied in our being conducted.” be true. Lopez wasn’t shot, but to one common, clear-cut ideology where a feudal type of exploitation own struggle for socialism — Mrs. Lopez went to the base to was beaten to death. Nor can all the currents of thought exist­ still exists. which will liquidate the economic demand her husband’s body. She Szili’s story that the base author­ ing in the ranks of the people. It goes without saying that this bases of colonial exploitation. was again referred to Chaplain ities didn’t know about the killing The influence of the FLP is requires huge organizational ef­ The peoples under the yoke of Hailsberthy who tried to dissuade for many days be true. The body colonial domination were right in her from viewing the body, telling was embalmed within 24 hours of not waiting for the revolution to her it was being prepared for death. be made in the “mother” country; burial, and that he would arrange Szili’s statement that the killing New York Peace Symposium they have also made an effective interment. She insisted on a burial took place outside the base raises contribution to the revolutionary in the couple’s home town, how­ a ticklish legal point for the U.S. movement and to peace. ever, and the body was finally According to the treaty, under To Hear Diverse Viewpoints The heroic struggle of the turned over to her on Oct. 19. In­ which the U.S. lays claim to Angolan people for their inde­ Guantanamo, the base authorities NEW YORK — A diversity of tion of the organization now in stead of having it interred im­ pendence constitutes considerable mediately, however, she turned it are required to turn over to Cuban views will be presented at a sym­ Rome for an audience with Pope support in the struggle against over to the Guantanamo city authorities anyone committing a posium on the issue “Which Road John XXIII. crime on Cuban soil. Violation of The forum schedule has been ar­ Iberian fascism. morgue for an autopsy. to Peace?” Sponsored by the Mili­ In the same way that we advo­ this provision weakens the already tant Labor Forum, the meeting ranged to allow time for audience No Bullet Wound ridiculously slim legal claim of the participation. cate unity of action with Por­ will be held Friday, May 10, 8:30 tuguese revolutionists, we think The results, published in the lo­ U.S. to the base. p.m., at 116 University Place. that this unity could be extended cal Cuban press, showed no bullet In his speech at the funeral, Participants in the discussion to the revolutionary movements in wound. Probable cause of death Raul Castro declared that the rev­ will include David Dellinger, Fred the territories under the colonial was trauma from broken bones olutionary government was build­ Halstead, Judith Malina, Harry domination of Portugal and Spain. and severe bruises. In addition, ing small industries in the area to Purvis and a representative of the It must not be forgotten that the autopsy showed the body had provide other jobs than those on Women Strike for Peace. Spain, yesterday a great colonial been preserved with formaldehyde the base, and that Cuba would Dellinger, a prominent left- empire which the nostalgic Falan­ not more than 24 hours after take legal measures to reclaim the wing pacifist, is editor of Libera­ gists still dream of reconstituting, death. territory from the U.S. tion magazine. He has participated keeps under its domination so- Those are the facts. In his Raul Castro will be the main in hunger vigils and other anti­ called Spanish Guinea, the island speech at Lopez’s funeral, Raul speaker at the Havana May Day war actions. of Fernando Po, the Sahara (Rio Castro pointed out that the story celebration this year since Prime Fred Halstead is a staff writer de Oro), Ifni and the cities of given by base officials — that the Minister Fidel Castro is visiting for The Militant with extensive Centa and Melilla. body had lain in a ditch for 15 the Soviet Union. experience in the union move­ We are partisans of immediate days without their knowledge — ment. and unconditional independence could not have been true. He said Judith Malina, who starred in for these territories. And we do Cuban authorities had demanded the Living Theater production of not doubt that they will soon an explanation but were given How Cuba Uprooted Brecht’s Man Is Man, is a found­ take a path of struggle paralleling none. They demanded a legal er of the General Strike for Peace. that of other African countries, death certificate from base author­ Race Discrimination ities but were refused. They de­ Harry Purvis, a Long Island especially Algeria and Angola. By Harry Ring businessman, was an independent Two recent incidents prove, if manded that those responsible for congressional candidate of Voters proof is needed, that ties exist be­ the killing be brought to trial. The 16 pages 15 cents for Peace last November. tween the struggle of the African demand was ignored. The Women Strike for Peace countries still under colonial dom­ Pioneer Publishers At the time, the U.S. daily press 116 University Place will be represented at the sym­ ination and our own struggle: dismissed the Raul Castro speech New York 3, N. Y. posium by a member of a delega- David Dellinger First, the sending of Spanish as “another anti-American haran- Page Six THE MILITANT M onday, M ay 6, 1963

An Independence Leader Explains How Puerto Rico Is a Victim of Imperialism By George Lavan West with contracts that are slave- zations. And we started this or­ labor contracts. They come and ganizing committee and spent all Juan Mari Bras, who granted stay there for two, three and four the year organizing throughout The Militant the following inter­ months and come back to Puerto the island. view, is the secretary-general of Rico, sometimes with no money at the Movimiento pro Independen­ In November of that year we all because everything they have cia Puerto Rico (Independence had our convention, in the city of earned has been taken for the air Movement of Puerto Rico). Ponce with about 1,500 delegates trip and their room and board Born and raised in Puerto Rico, representing the units already they give them in those encamp­ Mr. Mari Bras is 35 years old. He formed all throughout the island. ments. became active in the independence And in that convention we or­ movement while a student at the Q. Are there many small inde­ ganized the movement. Since then University of Puerto Rico from pendent farmers in Puerto Rico? we have developed great cam­ which he was expelled in 1948 for A. There were but not today. paigns of organization. Last year a demonstration involving raising When the Americans invaded the was dedicated to organization. It the Puerto Rican flag. He then island in 1898 Puerto Rico was, was called the Year of Organiza­ came to the United States and I would say, the country in Amer- • tion. In the last year we achieved studied at the American Univer­ ica with the greatest distribution of the goal of multiplying by ten the sity and George Washington Uni­ land. There was no such thing as number of activists in the move­ versity in the District of Colum­ great land tenures on the island. ment, card-holding members, and bia. He received degrees in po­ (There were many thousands of we finished organizing in all the litical science and in law. Though small peasants owning small municipalities of the island. We Mr. Mari Bras still practices law farms.) But after the sugar mo­ now have sections of the move­ in Puerto Rico, his time is mainly nopolies came to the island and ment organized in every munici­ occupied with the work of the in­ pality of Puerto Rico, and also in dependence movement. New York and Chicago. And to a * * * great extent we have realized the Q. What is Puerto Rico’s precise unity of the independents of Puer­ status today? to Rico although there are some five or six smaller groups. A. It is called Commonwealth in English. In Spanish it is called Q. What are the principal planks “Free Associated State.” But it is in the platform of your movement? just a farce. We are just the same A. We stand for complete na­ kind of a colony that we always tional liberation of the Puerto have been since 1898. Most of the Rican people. That means the WITCH-HUNTERS GO HOME! Puerto Ricans in gan Juan dem­ governmental powers in the coun­ obtaining of the sovereignty first onstrate against presence of HUAC probers who came there in try are directly exercised by the and independence, of course, and 1960 to seek “subversion” in the independence movement. government of the United States not only that but the development and without any approval or par­ of an economic program that will sociation with the people of the And as a matter of fact we have ticipation of the people of Puerto liberate our people from foreign United States without losing their been in contact with the liberation Rico. Juridically, politically and domination. A return to the Puer­ national autonomy. An equal asso­ forces of Venezuela, with Cuba economically we are just a plain to Ricans of all the wealth of ciation. They say that Puerto Rico of course, and with the Dominican colony for investment of Amer­ our country that is now in the could reach a situation similar to Republic. With Chile and Mexico ican capital. “Paradise of Invest­ hands of foreign interests. We the colonies of England today that we have participated in several ment,” they advertise it. have already approved a thesis are members of the so-called Brit­ continental meetings, like the one Militarily, we are a base of the that contains the basis of a libera­ ish commonwealth of nations. held in Mexico in 1961 under the United States. We have there tion program including agrarian We are trying to bring to the leadership of Lazaro Cardenas for about ten bases, naval, air and reform, industrial development people of Puerto Rico the national sovereignty and we con­ military. Some of those bases in­ Juan Mari Bras and a very concrete program in reality that that is not legally pos­ tinue with all this alliance with clude guided missiles installations, which these things are discussed sible within the framework of the all the forces of liberation in and some have atomic weapons. took over all those farms they at length. constitutional system of the United Latin America. took them from the peasants and States. It is only a trick to keep They are using Puerto Rico as Q. I understand the M.P.I. plans Q. My final question is what consolidated those great sugar en­ the people from supporting the the headquarters of both the Army to abstain from electoral activities. can Americans who are sympathe­ terprises. They control most of the only right that we have. That is and the Navy in the Caribbean. What sort of activities does it tic to the idea of self-determina­ And that means 13 per cent of the main land of the island. carry on.. the right to independence. But now the whole thing is com­ tion of the Puerto Rican people arable land of Puerto Rico is de­ Q. And what about industrial do to help your movement and A. The main purpose of our or­ ing to a climax because Congress dicated to U.S. military installa­ and commercial enterprises? Are ganization is to mobilize the mass will have to say now it is willing generally the Puerto Rican peo­ tions. those owned by Puerto Rican of the people for militant action to offer this kind of association ple? capitalists and small capitalists or Q. Could you describe in gen­ to win independence. We have to Puerto Rico. I am sure that A. All that we would ask of our are they mostly foreign-owned in­ eral the living conditions of the pickets, demonstrations and put Congress will not offer that and friends in the United States is to terests? population? How big a popula­ pressure in every way we can on the people of Puerto Rico will make clear the fact of Puerto tion is it? A. Industrial enterprises are the United States government like then be convinced that the only Rico’s struggle for independence A. It is two and one half mil­ mostly owned by United States the one we’re exercising by our alternative to colonial status is to the people of the United States. lion population. But that doesn’t interests. Even those industries international activities. We are independence. We know that the man in the give a complete view of the pop­ that were a few years ago in the winning the solidarity of most of street in the United States, is not ulation of Puerto Rico. We have hands of Puerto Rican capitalists the countries of the world for the Q. Do you think this projected interested in maintaining an em­ more than a million and a quarter have been transferred to Amer­ cause of Puerto Rican independ­ plebiscite will be the issue around pire for this country. There are living in the United States that ican capitalists. Like the rum in­ ence, denouncing the colonial sit­ which Congress will show its true only a minority of very powerful have migrated here, in addition to dustry for instance. One of the uation in Puerto Rico in the Unit­ attitude and the people of Puerto forces that are interested in main­ the two and a half million living most profitable industries in Puer­ ed Nations and every other forum Rico will see? taining this colonial situation. But on the island. Two and a half to Rico since the war has been that we find outside of Puerto A. That’s right. Congress has the great mass of the people in million living in 9,000 square kilo­ the rum. Well, in the last few Rico. been asked by a resolution of the the United States as soon as they meters which are roughly 3,500 years, Seagrams Corporation took Q. Is your movement able to legislature of Puerto Rico to state realize that the situation is that what kind of an association they square miles. control of the major rum factories carry on all this activity without of a colony and that we are being of Puerto Rico. any interference, do you have com­ are willing to offer as an alter­ exploited as all the colonies of the Q. What state in the union native to independence. Q. Could you give me an out­ plete civil liberties? world have been and that we have would that be comparable to in And they have been asked also line of the history of the Movi­ been prevented from exercising size? A. No, we are very greatly in­ to state whether they are willing our sovereign right they will im­ A. Delaware. Our living condi­ miento Pro Independencia — when terfered with. There is great per­ to grant statehood in the event it was founded, what it stands for? mediately sympathize with our tions — these figures can give you secution by the FBI and by the that the Puerto Rican people select cause. And that is what we need an idea. Our governor said in the A. Our organization was founded police. Before the meeting place statehood in the plebiscite. I am of the progressive forces of the last message to the legislature our in 1959, the eleventh of January, there is always a member of the sure that the association that they United States — to make our case average income per family is ten days after Fidel Castro formed police checking everyone who en­ will offer is just the same colonial clear to the public and to have the $3,000 per year. But these figures the government of Cuba. ters. Several acts of persecution thing that we have today. Of moral support of all the Amer­ have taken place. We have de­ are not explained. He didn’t break Q. Was this a coincidence? course they will count on the com­ ican people. them down. The fact is that half nounced them publicly several A. In a way it was a coincidence plicity of Governor Munoz Marin the families of Puerto Rico have times. for that. an income of less than $1,000 a but the development of the in­ dependence movement has been Q. The attitude of many Amer­ But when this legislation comes year. And the average family has icans, I would say — that is, aver­ we will ask the people to refrain more than six persons per family. greatly influenced by the fact of Four Canadians the victory of the Cuban Revolu­ age Americans is that if Puerto from voting because the plebiscite Q. How does the population tion in 1959. We have been a force Ricans want their independence will be a choice between this farce break down by those who live in associated with the 26th of July they should have it. A lot of and the alternative of statehood Who Saw Cuba the country; farm workers as op­ Movement since Fidel was in the Americans assume because they which is not feasible either. posed to city workers? Sierra Maestra. We were part of haven’t got it they don’t want it. Q. While your movement is spe­ Four Canadians — a member of the A. There has been a great the independence movement of Would you say that the majority cifically a Puerto Rican movement British Columbia legislature, a union- movement of population during Puerto Rico, we were part of the of Puerto Ricans do want inde­ and the history of Puerto Rico and ist-journalist, a school principal, and pendence? the last 20 years. In 1940 about Puerto Ricans committee that was the United States is a very specific a college student — who all visited 70 per cent of the population of raising funds for the 26th of July A. Yes. Once they are confront­ one, would you say that your Cuba recently, offer honest and il­ ed with the reality that the only the island was rural. Today it is Movement in Puerto Rico and giv­ movement is also a part of the luminating reports on what life is ing support to that. alternative is independence or the broader movement of Latin Amer­ about half and half. Half of the really like there. Published by the population lives in the country and colonial regime, the people of ica like the movement in Cuba So the eleventh of January we Canadian Fair Play for Cuba C om ­ half in the cities and most of this organized in a small convention, Puerto Rico will decide over­ and the anti-imperialist movement mittee. rural population is composed of the organizing committee for the whelmingly for independence. on the continent of South Amer­ seasonal workers of the sugar in­ establishment of a nonpartisan pa­ The colonial forces have created ica? Send 25 cents for a copy to: dustry that work three or four triotic front of all independents of illusions in the people of Puerto A. We stated in the thesis that months a year in the sugar har­ Puerto Rico. Because there existed Rico that makes some people, the movement for national lib­ PIONEER PUBLISHERS vest. a great number of small groups great sectors of the masses of the eration in Puerto Rico is and 116 University Place people, believe that it is possible And they come to the United organized with different tenden­ should always be in alliance with New York 3, N. Y. States to the fields of the Middle cies and different sorts of organi­ to reach a state of - equitable as­ all the forces of Latin America. M onday, M ay 6, 1963 THE MILITANT Page Seven

The Lies About Cuba acted with no fear of reprisal. All the one because the world of com­ the industrial centers like Bir­ that today “40 per cent of the of the working-class people inter­ munism is of Satan, a devilish, mingham. families [of the U.S.] live in Youngstown, Ohio viewed supported Castro ardently. fiendish, red monster hungrily This movement would challenge poverty or deprivation [while] I am going to pledge $5 to the These interviews were on film devouring “freedom and democ­ McDonald and company of the even during the Depression only Militant Fund but will give it to and anyone discerning could see racy,” and enslaving the masses AFL-CIO. one-third of the nation was ill- the Cleveland group. I want to the people were perfectly content­ in an all-powerful state; the other I hope the prediction is not housed, ill-clothed and ill-fed.” help them go over the top. ed as they laughed and acted like because capitalism and socialism only correct but a rapidly ap­ Mr. Miller goes on to give an ex-- I would like to comment on the anybody else. are antithetical socio-economic proaching reality. ample of what he considers pover­ systems, because the ruling eco­ Keep sending me The Militant. many contradictions and fabrica­ Another lie was that the Cuban ty by citing figures on homes nomic class in capitalism must be tions that are so prevalent in the counter-revolutionary prisoners N.G. which lack baths, inside toilets and capitalist press, radio, TV, etc., broken to serve the mass. many which “even lack running were nearly starved to death. Civil-Rights Stand against Cuba. One example is as When they arrived in Florida they And between these two oppos­ water.” follows: The capitalist papers are were shown on film on TV and ing views, the liberals, humani­ Filmore, Utah Being a loyal employe of the always harping about how the they looked in the best of phy­ tarians, Utopians, entertain hope On April 23 I wrote Attorney Kennedy administration, Miller Cuban people don’t support Castro sical shape. that somehow the system will General Kennedy as follows: tries to apologize for and explain merge into a some-what-some- Concerning the Southern race away these embarrassing statistics. and how they all want to leave Also during the Cuban crisis how resemblance of democracy question, may I ask you, how long Our standards for judging poverty Cuba. However, on a TV pro­ why did even the people who are and human justice. are you going to confuse the issue have gone up, he says (none of gram called Eyewitness, last win­ anti-Castro volunteer to join the ter some English or Canadian re­ Isn’t it amazing! The liberal of “state’s rights” by acting on the poor had broken-down jalopies militia to defend Cuba against an school desegregation, etc., yet 75 years ago; only the lack of porter in Cuba interviewed expected American invasion? posture is attractive to moralists, Cubans personally about their and intellectuals because it as­ permitting state authorities to baths and toilets has remained the Seems strange to me that the obstruct constitutional guarantees same). After all his attempts at views on the Revolution. Every­ majority of Cubans took up arms suages the brutality of the right- one interviewed, with the excep­ wing philosophy. Yet their in­ of equal voting privileges? In explanation, Miller is still left against us in case we invaded answer thereto I urge: arrest ev­ with the fact that “about one- tion of one or two, enthusiastically them and almost unanimously sistence on working with and in­ supported Castro. And the few side the present socio-economic ery state officer or citizen who third of the people [in American chose to defend Cuba and sup­ violates constitutional law . . . cities] have incomes insufficient counter-revolutionaries who spoke port Castro. Certainly if they structure prevents them from openly against Castro certainly going to radicalism. Either we correct abuses legally to maintain a decent level of liv­ wanted so much to be part of our or neglect will avenge itself ing.” “free world” they wouldn’t have Of course co-existence is im­ Miller also has trouble when it possible! Even if a U.S.-USSR eventually by civil strife. armed themselves against our ex­ Therefore I petition, execute comes to finding a solution to the pected invasion. concordat were to come about it justice before the die is cast. Rea­ problem of poverty. One of his would not be in the interest of After witnessing all of the un­ son dictates, make all citizens suggestions is that “younger men the masses, socialism or human- truths printed in the capitalist pa­ equal with voting power and leave can always take on a second job itarianism — as power would still pers about Cuba I realize these them alone to settle their separate when they feel that they are fall­ lies are intended to crush the be out of their hands! ing behind.” At a time when A.H. state problems. “Long before the end of the last Cuban Revolution and turn the A. C. Gregersen nearly six per cent of workers in war, we predicted that . . . the American people against the this country cannot even find one Wall Street rulers of America were Cubans so the United Fruit Com­ Southern Rights Movement Poverty in U.S. job, it seems illogical that many even then planning the destruc­ pany, sugar companies, etc., can New York, N.Y. young workers who “feel that tion of the Soviet Union . . . mount an offensive against Cuba Chicago, 111. In the April 21 edition of The they are falling behind” could “Now we have some long-buried so they can regain control of The article, “Kennedy and Bir­ New York Times Magazine, Her­ find two. If Mr. Miller read The evidence confirming to the hilt Cuba’s natural resources and get mingham,” was well-written from man P. Miller, special assistant to Militant he would know a better what we said then. Joseph C. back the huge profits they lost both a factual and logical point of the demographic section of the solution: a planned economy ad­ Grew, Roosevelt’s Under-Secretary with the revolution. view. And this article even hints Bureau of the Census, has an ar­ ministered by a workers’ and of State during the war years, has The real enemies of the Amer­ of the beginning of a Southern ticle on the extent of poverty in farmers’ government. published his memoirs and pa­ ican people are these capitalists Negro workers movement around our country. His article reveals Richard Davidson pers in a book Turbulent Era. who want to get control of the Grew, privy to the innermost resources of Cuba and the rest of views of the Washington rulers, the world for their own private wrote on May 19, 1945: profit. “ ‘A future war with Soviet R.A.L. It Was Reported in the Press Russia is as certain as anything 000 advertising campaign designed in this world can be . . . As soon Taylor's Admission on India “Overdose” — A Franklin They Dig Disaster Deal — State as the San Francisco Conference County, Pa., jurist on April 23 and federal civil-defense officials to “market” Christianity. Total is over our policy towards Soviet New York, N.Y. branded the American Civil Lib­ are in a lather about the town of cost of the operation is estimated Russia should immediately stiffen, It is to be regretted that the erties Union as “anarchists suf­ Weaverville, Calif., which obtained at a half million dollars. all along the line.’ left-wing press in this country fering from an overdose of the $69,000 from the federal govern­ A Bell for Tocoa? — A teacher “Even while the capitalist hypo­ didn’t pay attention to the report Declaration of Independence.” ment to cover half the cost of a in the North Georgia mountain crites were proclaiming ‘peace on from a Congressional committee Stale Common Pleas Judge civil-defense shelter. (The other town of Tocoa is fighting for re­ earth’ at San Francisco before the (hidden in the back pages of the Chauncey M. Depuy made the as­ half came from the insurance on instatement. Frederick W. Adams war was over, they were planning New York Times some weeks sertion in a panel discussion on the town’s old social hall which was fired for having his eighth- to annihilate the Soviet Union in ago) at which General Maxwell “Civil Rights of the Offender.” He burned down.) The complaint is grade students read John Hersey’s a third world war. And they will D. Taylor, Chairman of the Joint also took offense at a member of that the shelter is a very attrac­ novel, A Bell for Adano. Its theme inevitably bring the world down Chiefs of Staff, testified that the the audience who criticized his tive, modern building with picture is the effort to re-establish dem­ in ruins if the workers let them fighting between the Chinese and stand against the right of juveniles windows and is used regularly for ocracy in post-fascist Italy. The have their way.” — May 4, 1953. Indian armies started as the result to be represented by counsel. square dances and other social complaint against Adams said the of Indian troops pressing forward. “Putting an attorney between the events. book contains profanity. Hersey The Times report said that after child and the court . . . is like Law of Uneven Development — sent a statement to the hearing these remarks the rest of the hear­ putting an attorney between a The nation’s first drive-in bur­ which said: “There Ls a possibility ing was declared secret. child and its father,” he snapped. lesque theater will open in Chel­ that his [Adams’] pupils may see “What The Militant has consis­ He also complained our mental This frank statement of our sea, Mass., this June. in this dismissal of their teacher tently pointed out since Hitler’s hospitals are filled beyond capa­ a striking parallel to the story of attack on the Soviet Union — that chief military figure for the in­ Hard-Sell Baptists — The city. the novel itself in which the cen­ the end of the war and the defeat itiated Senators contrasts sharply Southern Baptists have been car­ with the misleading headlines and Preservation of the Species — rying on missionary work in Japan tral character is dismissed from of Hitler by the ‘United Nations’ his job for trying to do something will not end the danger to the editorials of our “free press” Dr. Herman Mueller, noted gen­ for the past 70 years and are dis­ which tries to present to the eticist, has proposed that male satisfied with the results. Despite he sincerely felt would help those Soviet Union — was dramatically who were under his care.” confirmed this week when the American public the deplorable sperm be stored underground in a all efforts less than one per cent Soviet government broke relations fighting as “Chinese aggression.” deep freeze as a means of coping of the Japanese have been con­ Management As Usual — Of 43 with the Polish govemment-in- This cynical admission should be with the problem of mutations verted to Christianity. So the Washington correspondents polled exile because of its ‘hostile cam­ uncovered and brought to light to from radiation exposure. Baptists decided to try the Mad­ by Newsweek magazine, 40 said paign’ in connection with the Ger­ show that in their incitement to a ison Avenue approach and they agree that Kennedy actively man claim that the Soviet Union “holy w ar” against communism Watch That Lunch Box — A launched a four-week drive which engages in “news management” or had massacred 10,000 Polish of­ the capitalist propagandists will bi-partisan, four-man Congres­ features a cowboy band, a sym­ manipulation. The same 40 said ficers . . . There can be no doubt not shrink from any trick or lie. sional committee which toured phony orchestra, a television- the Eisenhower administration did that the Polish government’s pro­ It is also ample proof of the Latin America says the U.S. image series detective story and a $200,- the same thing. cedure over the German charge stupidity and hypocrisy of those was never brighter there. But the was deliberately hostile to the liberal and social-democratic writ­ congressmen take a dim view of USSR . . . ers who — without checking the the U.S.-backed school lunch pro­ facts — sided with India against gram. Their report said: “To feed “Only a few months ago they the Chinese “aggressors” at the hungry children with our surplus INTRODUCTORY OFFER! [the American and British gov­ beckoning of their capitalist mas­ food is commendable. Hoy/ever, ernments] permitted the Polish ters. we are concerned with the pre­ government-in-exile, which gen­ A.B. sence of Marxist-inclined teachers A Four-Month Subscription erally does not dare to take a step in the schools and colleges. It without their permission, to arouse makes little sense for the United To The Militant for only $1 an anti-Soviet agitation over the On Co-Existence States to be the instrument for border question and over alleged Casper, Wyo. increasing school attendance if the interference by the Soviet Union Both the “radical right” and pupils are going to be fed Com­ in Polish ‘internal’ affairs. Name ...... the Marxist left claim that peace­ munist doctrine along with their “The latest developments must ful co-existence is impossible — lunches.” be viewed as the most graphic ex­ pression to date of the funda­ Street ...... Zone ...... mental antagonism between the Thought for the Week ‘democracies’ and the Soviet Union. Those who stand for the “To a degree which is just short of war, Cuba is being photographed, City ...... State ...... defense of the Soviet Union, as we patrolled, embargoed, squeezed and isolated. If Cuba were a great Trotskyists do, must continue to power we would be at war with her for what we are already doing. Send to The Militant, 116 University Place, warn the masses that the Soviet I doubt whether there is any precedent where we have exerted such Union remains in great danger.” — strong measures short of war on any other country.’’ — Walter Lipp- New York 3, N. Y. May 1, 1943. mann’s column, April 25. P age E ight t h e MILITANT M onday, M ay 6, 1963 Civil-Rights Parley and Fight For Free Speech Hit Norfolk Carl Braden, noted integration- ist and civil liberties champion, was refused permission to speak on the campus of Old Dominion College at Norfolk, Va., April 25. He was in Norfolk for a regional civil rights parley. ODC president Lewis W. Webb Jr., in denying the application of the History Club students to hear Braden, said that the latter was turned down because the students didn’t file for clearance in time. Regulations call for such filing at least ten days before a speaker’s appearance to allow time to in­ vestigate the speaker’s “qualifica­ Reprinted from Politica, Mexico City tions.” Webb said the History Club’s application was filed only “The fact is that many of the countries of Latin America are ripe for revolution. At the top two days in advance: “There was of an antiquated feudal structure is entrenched a power elite who control both government and no time to make sure Braden’s the the financial and economic resources of the nation. Theirs is the power monopoly that maintains kind of man we want coming on the archaic political, economic and social structure which makes the majority of Latin American the campus. We can’t approve every Tom, Dick and Harry.” countries a fertile ground for revolution by the exploited, ill-nourished, ill-housed, virtually desti­ Carl Braden tute and hopeless vast majority.” — Senator Ernest Gruening of Alaska in the March 30 New But an editorial in The V ir­ ginian-Pilot pointed out, “It should Republic. not be Mr. Webb’s business to liberties, public facilities and ed­ approve Tom, Dick and Harry, or ucation. Speakers repeatedly At Meeting in Spokane any other speaker invited by an stressed registration of Negro established campus society.” voters and bloc Negro voting as Thanks to Dr. Kenneth Woods, the most effective way of attain­ history professor at ODC who ing any specific objective local courageously offered the use of Negroes may have. SWP Speaker Debates Fulton Lewis III grounds at his home for an out­ The keynote speaker, the Rev. door rally, the students were able C. T. Vivian of the Tennessee Frank Krasnowsky, a spokes­ the first prominent socialist speak­ cracies with “socialism.” He was to hear Braden speak on “The Voters Council, pointed out that er to appear on a platform in man for the Socialist Workers making an obvious appeal to the Right to Dissent.” Negroes must not accept and be Spokane in many years. Party in the state of Washington, small and middle businessmen Braden, field representative of satisfied with “little handouts, a debated ultra-rightist Fulton He made a basic explanation who make up the ultra-right fol­ the Southern Conference Educa­ little freedom” — which he called Lewis III in Spokane April 11 on of socialism and attacked the lowing in Spokane and who are tional Fund, was in Norfolk to “token-ness.” the question of socialism. Spokane argument that socialism in the feeling the squeeze of a lagging participate in the April 26-27 The conference also heard talks is a center of right-wing activ­ U.S. would mean repeating the economy and corporate concen­ “Conference on Time for Action by James Forman, executive sec­ ities in the Northwest, and the path of the USSR in the bad tration. in the Mid-South,” of which the retary of the Student Nonviolent debate was sponsored by one of sense. He said the U.S. has a high “The applause was about one SCEF was one of the sponsoring Co-ordinating Committee; Charles the rightist organizations — the productivity while the USSR third for me and two thirds for organizations. M. Sherrod and Mrs. Diane Nash Young Americans for Freedom. began without even many of the Lewis,” said Krasnowsky, “but I The purpose of the two-day Bevel, SNCC field secretaries from Krasnowsky said he accepted simplest necessities of life and had estimate half the audience was conference was to stimulate action Albany, Ga., and Cleveland, Miss.; the challenge to debate “in the to build its industrial machine neutral and came out of curiosity leading to equal rights for all citi­ Miss Dorie Ladner of Greenwood, interest of free speech,” but ad­ from the bottom while isolated in­ at what a socialist would sound zens and to provide information Miss., SNCC; Bishop C. Ewbank mitted that he “invaded the ter­ ternationally. He counterposed to like.” on which people may act. To that Tucker, A.M.E. Zion Church and ritory with some apprehension,” the control of the USA by the cor­ “I was particularly encouraged,” end, there were workshops on job board member of SCEF; and and said he assumed the audience porations, the direction of the gov­ said Krasnowsky, “by the friend­ opportunities, housing, voting, civil David D. Alston, a vice president “would be pretty solidly against ernment and the economy by the ly response of a number of Gon- of the International Longshore­ me.” working people through industrial zaga University students and by men’s Association. democracy. Created Stir some older radicals who assured Lewis sought to identify the me that my talk had been a stim­ New Mine Blast The presence of a socialist concentration of capital and the ulus for them to carry out future speaker, however, caused quite a control of the U.S. by government, meetings and activities for so­ Minn. Socialist Hits stir in Spokane. While the Spokane corporation and union bureau- cialism in Spokane.” dailies gave the debate only limit­ Kills 22 Men ed coverage, the radio gave the Twenty-two miners lost their Plan for Sales Tax lives in a violent explosion of affair good publicity. There was MINNEAPOLIS, April 26 — TV coverage of the debate itself, methane gas and coal dust that Campus Peace Leader Asks ripped through Clinchfield Coal Joseph Johnson, Socialist Workers which was attended by some 700 Party candidate for mayor, spoke persons. Company’s Compass No. 2 mine in Dola, W. Va., on the night of last night at the sales lax hearing Krasnowsky had received wide Protests on GIs in Vietnam held in the state office building in publicity in the state recently as April 25. The blast was so violent that St. Paul. a result of a successful fight CHICAGO — “The peace move­ propriations for massive nuclear In a strongly-worded statement against an attempt to bar him as ment in this country can win some stockpiling into other, more “cred­ a survivor, about a mile away, was knocked off his feet. “The ex­ in opposition to the proposed state a speaker from the Ballard High victories if it would campaign ible” means of terror, such as sales tax bill, Johnson pointed out School Forum in Seattle. He was around the concrete issues of the operations in Vietnam. plosion came in two or three puffs and the dust started flying,” said that the average worker would be cold war, such as the fight against For these reasons, Roberts cau­ paying four times more per dollar colonialism in Vietnam and Cuba. Clark Robey, 54-year-old me­ tioned peace activists not to limit chanic. “It blew me down, even than the very rich. Citing Illinois Otherwise it will continue to de­ their concern to achievement of as an example, he showed that the Seek to Deport cline and finally disintegrate,” de­ though I was pretty close to a an H-bomb test ban treaty. If a mile away.” average worker there pays over clared Richard Roberts, Jr., as­ test ban treaty is eventually six per cent of his wages in sales sistant editor of Sanity magazine, Other survivors told of feeling Anti-Franco Vet signed, it should serve as an occa­ a sudden rough surge of wind taxes, while his rich boss pays in a talk before the Friday Night sion for peace advocates to step up less than one per cent of his in­ Socialist Forum April 19. that knocked shovels from their Joseph Sherman has been a U.S. a campaign against the White hands, ripped at their coats and come. resident since 1920. On last March Speaking on “U.S. Nuclear House’s war-producing policies in “As income goes down to the Strategy and a New Road for the left them covered with rock dust. 14, the Immigration and Natural­ Cuba, Vietnam and other places, The victims had been working lowest levels, the sales tax per­ ization Service initiated deporta­ Peace Movement,” Roberts, cur­ instead of producing complacency. centage you pay goes way up. If rently a graduate student at the in an area of the mine that was tion proceedings against him. The a mile and three-quarters from you are a very poor family, you reason for the action: Sherman University of Wisconsin, was a na­ will be hurt criminally,” Johnson tional executive member of Stu­ the bottom of a 300-foot shaft. fought in Spain against Franco Rescuers reported that, as they declared. in 1937. dent SANE before it was dis­ Meany and His 'Expert' solved last year. He is now mak­ worked their way toward the The campaign of harassment scene of the explosion, the air against Sherman has been going ing a special study of present U.S. In Pitiful Performance military policies. became more and more foul and on for a long time. Previously, the At a conference sponsored by the presence of methane in pos­ Justice Department had secured a U.S. Strategy the Los Angeles Federation.of La­ sibly dangerous density was de­ court order to compel Sherman to The American “counterforce” bor April 19, AFL-CIO President tected. testify whether he had fought in strategy, whereby a massive “first George Meany spoke scornfully of The Compass No. 2 mine is only Spain. In April 1962, when he strike” nuclear attack on Soviet 91-year-old Bertrand Russell as a about 60 miles southwest of Car­ stood on his right not to be a defenses would render the USSR “so-called British liberal philos­ michaels, Pa., where 37 men were witness against himself, it ap­ incapable of retaliation, is becom­ opher.” The so-called labor leader killed in a similar explosion last peared he had won a victory, the ing obsolete, Roberts argued. In­ shared the platform with his al­ Dec. 6 at U.S. Steel’s Robena No. government having in effect ac­ creased Soviet armaments has leged “brain” on foreign policy, 3 mine. knowledged his right not to testify. made it impossible to guarantee Jay Lovestone, who called the One might reasonably wonder Nevertheless, the deportation 100 per cent effectiveness in a John Birch Society “an agent for why a society with a technology proceeding has been brought “first strike.” communism.” Lovestone, one-time advanced enough to create A- against him. The U.S. thus finds it ever hard­ head of the American Communist bombs and H-bombs, killer sub­ The Sherman Defense Commit­ er to enforce its will upon other Party, bears a major responsibility marines, ICBMs, and a host of tee, 49 East 21 St., Room 405, New nations by nuclear threats since for the Stalinization of that party. other death-dealing and death- York 10, N.Y., urges that protests few believe it will risk the sure He organized the expulsion in transporting contraptions, is un­ be sent to Attorney General Rob­ destruction of its own major pop­ 1928 of its left-wing for Trotsky­ able to handle a comparatively ert Kennedy, Washington, D.C. ulation centers. This altered situa­ ism, thus ending the party’s in­ simple problem like preventing urging that further action against tion is causing Washington to con­ ternal democracy. A year later methane gas explosions in coal Joseph Sherman be dropped. sider channeling its huge ap- Stalin ordered him expelled. mines. Joseph Johnson