DOCSLIB.ORG

Bystanders, Rescuers Or Perpetrators? B Ystan D Ers, R Escu Ers O R P Erp Etrato Rs? IH RA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bystanders, Rescuers Or Perpetrators? B Ystan D Ers, R Escu Ers O R P Erp Etrato Rs? IH RA O C A U The volume Bystanders, Rescuers or Perpetrators? The Neutral H O L S T L E A C IHRA N O Countries and the Shoah offers a trans-national, comparative N I T A A I N R L perspective on the varied reactions of the neutral countries to the E T L N I A Nazi persecution and murder of the European Jews. It examines R E E M C E M B R A N the often ambivalent policies of these states towards Jewish refugees as well as towards their own Jewish nationals living in International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (Ed.) German-occupied countries. By breaking down persistent myths, this volume contributes to a more nuanced understanding of an Bystanders, Rescuers under-researched chapter of Holocaust history and also considers the challenges and opportunities related to Holocaust education or Perpetrators? and remembrance in the neutral countries. The Neutral Countries and the Shoah Bystanders, Rescuers or Perpetrators? Perpetrators? or Rescuers Bystanders, Shoah the and Countries Neutral The ISBN: 978-3-86331-287-9 9 783863 312879 us_ihra_bystanders_fahne.indd 1 03.03.2016 17:17:48 Bystanders, Rescuers or Perpetrators? ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 1 25.02.2016 21:22:21 IHRA series, vol. 2 ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 2 25.02.2016 21:22:21 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (Ed.) Bystanders, Rescuers or Perpetrators? The Neutral Countries and the Shoah Editors: Corry Guttstadt (Project Coordinator) Thomas Lutz (Topography of Terror Foundation, Berlin) Bernd Rother (Willy Brandt Foundation, Berlin) Yessica San Román (Centro Sefarad-Israel, Madrid) O C A U H O L S T L E A C N O N I T A A I N R L E T L N I A R E E M C E M B R A N ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 3 25.02.2016 21:22:21 ISBN: 978-3-86331-287-9 © 2016 Metropol Verlag & IHRA Ansbacher Straße 70 D-10777 Berlin www.metropol-verlag.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten Druck: buchdruckerei.de, Berlin ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 4 25.02.2016 21:22:22 Contents Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust . 9 About IHRA . 11 Preface . 13 Steven T. Katz Foreword . 15 Corry Guttstadt, Thomas Lutz, Bernd Rother, Yessica San Román SECTION I JEWish REFUGEES BEFORE THE War (1933–1939) . 23 Susanne Heim The Question of Jewish Refugees . 25 Salomé Lienert Swiss Immigration Policies 1933–1939 . 41 Corry Guttstadt Turkey—Welcoming Jewish Refugees? . 53 Pontus Rudberg Sweden and Jewish Refugees from Nazi Germany, 1933–1939 . 65 Haim Avni Discussion of the First Panel . 77 ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 5 25.02.2016 21:22:22 SECTION II JEWish REFUGEES DUriNG THE War (1939–1945) . 81 Corry Guttstadt Introduction . 83 Ruth Fivaz-Silbermann Ignorance, Realpolitik and Human Rights: Switzerland between Active Refusal and Passive Help . 87 Avraham Milgram Portugal and the Jews 1938–1945 . 101 Josep Calvet Spain and Jewish Refugees during World War II . 113 A Difficult Balance: Free Entrance, Expulsions and Detentions SECTION III REACTIONS BY THE NEUTraL COUNTriES TO THE HOLOCAUST . 123 Cláudia Ninhos What was Known in the Neutral Countries about the On-Going Genocide of European Jews? . 125 Corry Guttstadt Origins of the 1942–1943 German Ultimatum on the Repatriation of Jews with Citizenship of Neutral and German-allied Countries . 139 Irene Flunser Pimentel Neutral Portugal and the Holocaust . 145 Salazar and the German Ultimatum of 1943 İ. İzzet Bahar Turkey’s Stance toward Turkish Jews in Occupied France and the German Ultimatum on their Repatriation in WWII . 157 ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 6 25.02.2016 21:22:22 Bernd Rother Spain and the German Repatriation Ultimatum 1943/44 . 169 Bernd Rother Discussion of the Third Panel . 179 Rebecca Erbelding The United States War Refugee Board, the Neutral Nations, and the Holocaust in Hungary . 183 SECTION IV RESCUE MYThs, PUBLIC DEBATES, HisTORICAL INVESTIGATIONS . 199 Thomas Lutz Introduction . 201 Alejandro Baer · Pedro Correa Martín-Arroyo The Politics of Holocaust Rescue Myths in Spain . 205 From Francoist Humanitarianism to the Righteous Diplomats Pınar Dost-Niyego Myths of Rescue and their Use and Abuse in Turkey . 217 Uki Goñi Argentina’s Rescue Myth . 231 François Wisard The Swiss Experience with State-Commissioned Historical Investigations . 243 A Short Overview with a Focus on the Bergier-Commission (1996–2002) SECTION V ThE ChaLLENGES OF HOLOCAUST REMEMBraNCE AND EdUCATION IN NEUTraL COUNTriES . 257 ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 7 25.02.2016 21:22:22 Yessica San Román Introduction . 259 Karin Kvist Geverts The Challenges of Holocaust Education and Remembrance in Sweden . 263 Monique Eckmann SpecificC hallenges for Memory and for Teaching and Learning about the Holocaust in Switzerland . 275 Nora Şeni A Breakdown of Memorial Processes in Turkey . 289 Marta Simó Challenges for Memory, Teaching and Learning about the Holocaust in Spain . 301 SUppLEMENT . 311 Archives . 312 Authors . 314 Further Reading . 320 Index of Names . 328 Index of Locations . 333 ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 8 25.02.2016 21:22:22 Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust The members of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance are committed to the Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust, which reads as follows: 1. The Holocaust (Shoah) fundamentally challenged the foundations of civilization. The unprecedented character of the Holocaust will always hold universal meaning. After half a century, it remains an event close enough in time that survivors can still bear witness to the horrors that engulfed the Jewish people. The terrible suffering of the many millions of other victims of the Nazis has left an indelible scar across Europe as well. 2. The magnitude of the Holocaust, planned and carried out by the Nazis, must be forever seared in our collective memory. The selfless sacrifices of those who defied the Nazis, and sometimes gave their own lives to protect or rescue the Holocaust's victims, must also be inscribed in our hearts. The depths of that horror, and the heights of their heroism, can be touchstones in our understanding of the human capacity for evil and for good. 3. With humanity still scarred by genocide, ethnic cleansing, racism, antisemitism and xenophobia, the international community shares a solemn responsibility to fight those evils. Together we must uphold the terrible truth of the Holocaust against those who deny it. We must strengthen the moral commitment of our peoples, and the politi- cal commitment of our governments, to ensure that future genera- tions can understand the causes of the Holocaust and reflect upon its consequences. 4. We pledge to strengthen our efforts to promote education, remem- brance and research about the Holocaust, both in those of our coun- tries that have already done much and those that choose to join this effort. 5. We share a commitment to encourage the study of the Holocaust in all its dimensions. We will promote education about the Holocaust in our ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 9 25.02.2016 21:22:22 10 DECLARATION schools and universities, in our communities and encourage it in other institutions. 6. We share a commitment to commemorate the victims of the Holo- caust and to honour those who stood against it. We will encourage appropriate forms of Holocaust remembrance, including an annual Day of Holocaust Remembrance, in our countries. 7. We share a commitment to throw light on the still obscured shadows of the Holocaust. We will take all necessary steps to facilitate the open- ing of archives in order to ensure that all documents bearing on the Holocaust are available to researchers. 8. It is appropriate that this, the first major international conference of the new millenium, declares its commitment to plant the seeds of a better future amidst the soil of a bitter past. We empathize with the victims' suffering and draw inspiration from their struggle. Our com- mitment must be to remember the victims who perished, respect the survivors still with us, and reaffirm humanity's common aspiration for mutual understanding and justice. ihra_bystanders__innen_druck.indd 10 25.02.2016 21:22:22 About IHRA The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an inter- governmental body whose purpose is to place political and social lead- ers’ support behind the need for Holocaust education, remembrance and research, both nationally and internationally. The IHRA (formerly the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research, or ITF) was initiated in 1998 by former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson. Persson decided to establish an international organization that would expand Holocaust education worldwide, and asked President Bill Clinton and former British Prime Minister Tony Blair to join him in this effort. Persson also developed the idea of an international forum of governments interested in discussing Holocaust education, which took place in Stockholm between 27–29 Janu- ary 2000. The Forum was attended by 23 Heads of State or Prime Ministers and 14 Deputy Prime Ministers or Ministers from 46 governments. The Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holo- caust was the outcome of the Forum’s deliberations and is the foundation of the IHRA. The IHRA currently has 31 member countries, ten observer countries and seven permanent international partner organizations. Mem- bership is open to all countries, and members must be committed to the Stockholm Declaration and to the implementation of national policies and programs in support of Holocaust education, remembrance, and research. Member countries are encouraged to develop multilateral partner- ships and to share best practices. The national government of each member country appoints and sends a delegation to IHRA meetings that is com- posed of both government representatives and national experts. In addi- tion to the Academic, Education, Memorials and Museums, and Commu- nication Working Groups, specialized committees have been established to address antisemitism and Holocaust denial, the situation of the Roma and the genocide of the Roma, comparative genocide, and special challenges in Holocaust education.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Das Verhör Der Rorschacher Mädchen Eine Mädchenklasse Empörte Sich Beim Damaligen Bundesrat Eduard Von Steiger – Und Wurde Wie in Einer Diktatur Verhört
    Der Sonntag, Nr. 5, 3. Februar 2013 4 | HOLOCAUST Das Verhör der Rorschacher Mädchen Eine Mädchenklasse empörte sich beim damaligen Bundesrat Eduard von Steiger – und wurde wie in einer Diktatur verhört Es war ein Brief der Mädchense- Heimatlosen» und einem Gruss voller kundarschule 2c aus Rorschach, «Hochachtung und vaterländischer Ver- der in Bern die Nerven blank- bundenheit». legte. Justizminister Eduard von MIT DEM SCHREIBEN trafen die 14-jähri- Steiger ordnete ein Verhör an. gen Mädchen einen Nerv. Justizminister Und entlarvte sich. Eduard von Steiger persönlich ordnete ein Verhör der 22 Schülerinnen an, die den Brief unterschrieben hatten. Zehn VON ALAN CASSIDY Mädchen unterzeichneten ihn nicht. Die UND OTHMAR VON MATT Untersuchung fand am 23. Oktober 1942 GGG G GGG G G G G GGGG G G G G GGGG G G G G GGGG G G G G GGGG G G G G GGGG G G G G GGGG G G G G GGGG G G G G GGGG G G G G GGGG G G G statt und dauerte zweieinhalb Stunden. as Fazit der Historiker ist Auszüge aus dem Verhör, das der Schul- klar: Die Bundesbehörden ratspräsident führte: hatten bereits 1941 Kennt- Frage: «Steht nichts im Brief, was eine nis von den systemati- Beleidigung für den Bundesrat sein schen Massentötungen könnte?» Dder Juden in Europa. Doch nicht nur die Antwort von Heidi: «Nein, ich glaube offizielle Schweiz, sondern auch die Zi- nicht. Und der Bundesrat wird wohl vilbevölkerung wusste schon früh Be- noch mehr solche Briefe bekommen scheid darüber, was sich in Deutschland haben.» und in den besetzten Gebieten abspielte.
    [Show full text]
  • Paul Touvier and the Crime Against Humanity'
    Paul Touvier and the Crime Against Humanity' MICHAEL E. TIGARt SUSAN C. CASEYtt ISABELLE GIORDANItM SIVAKUMAREN MARDEMOOTOOt Hi SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION ............................................... 286 II. VICHY FRANCE: THE BACKGROUND ................................ 286 III. TOUVIER'S ROLE IN VICHY FRANCE ................................ 288 IV. THE CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY ................................. 291 A The August 1945 Charter ................................... 291 B. The French Penal Code .................................... 293 C. The Barbie Case: Too Clever by Half ........................... 294 V. THE TouviER LITIGATION ....................................... 296 A The Events SurroundingTouvier's Captureand the PretrialLegal Battle ... 296 B. Touvier's Day in Court ..................................... 299 VI. LEGAL ANALYSIS: THE STATE AGENCY DILEMMA.. ...................... 304 VII. CONCLUSION ............................................... 309 " The idea for this essay began at a discussion of the Touvier trial with Professor Tigar's students at the Facut de Droit at Aix-en-Provence, with the assistance of Professor Andr6 Baldous. Ms. Casey provided further impetus for it by her research assistance on international human rights issues, and continued with research and editorial work as the essay developed. Ms. Giordani researched French law and procedure and obtained original sources. Mr. Mardemootoo worked on further research and assisted in formulating the issues. The translations of most French materials were initially done by Professor Tigar and reviewed by Ms. Giordani and Mr. Mardemootoo. As we were working on the project, the Texas InternationalLaw Journaleditors told us of Ms. Finkelstein's article, and we decided to turn our effort into a complementary piece that drew some slightly different conclusions. if Professor of Law and holder of the Joseph D. Jamail Centennial Chair in Law, The University of Texas School of Law. J# J.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Spain's Politics of Forgetting Peculiar Pero No Única
    PECULIAR BUT NOT UNIQUE: SPAIN’S POLITICS OF FORGETTING OMAR G. ENCARNACIÓN Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York [email protected] ABSTRACT: The present analysis challenges the widespread view of Spain as outside or in viola- tion of international norms of how nations are meant to deal with a difficult and painful past. It argues that Spain is “peculiar but not unique” as it concerns the attempt to overcome the horrific legacy of the Spanish Civil War and the Francois repression by forging the so-called Pact of Forgetting. Across the Western world, there is a long history of countries forgetting and reinventing their histories for the purpose of consolidating democratic institutions. Moreover, there is no con- sensus on how nations should conduct themselves with respect to the past. What there is, instead, is a tendency to find pragmatic solutions that privilege peace and stability over justice and accountability against the old regime. KEY WORDS: Spain – Francoism – transitional justice – democratization – Pact of Forgetting PECULIAR PERO NO ÚNICA: LA POLÍTICA DEL OLVIDO ESPAÑOLA RESUMEN: El presente análisis pone en tela de juicio la idea predominante de España como infractora de los criterios internacionales relativos al modo en que las naciones deben encarar un pasado sombrío y doloroso. Argumenta que España es “pecu- liar, pero no única” en lo que se refiere a tratar de superar los horrores de la Gue- rra Civil Española y la represión franquista con el llamado Pacto del Olvido. En Occidente existe un largo historial de países que se han acogido expresamente al olvido o a la reinvención de la historia con el fin de facilitar la consolidación de las instituciones democráticas.
    [Show full text]
  • A Resource Guide to Literature, Poetry, Art, Music & Videos by Holocaust
    Bearing Witness BEARING WITNESS A Resource Guide to Literature, Poetry, Art, Music, and Videos by Holocaust Victims and Survivors PHILIP ROSEN and NINA APFELBAUM Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut ● London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rosen, Philip. Bearing witness : a resource guide to literature, poetry, art, music, and videos by Holocaust victims and survivors / Philip Rosen and Nina Apfelbaum. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. ISBN 0–313–31076–9 (alk. paper) 1. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945)—Personal narratives—Bio-bibliography. 2. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945), in literature—Bio-bibliography. 3. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945), in art—Catalogs. 4. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945)—Songs and music—Bibliography—Catalogs. 5. Holocaust,Jewish (1939–1945)—Video catalogs. I. Apfelbaum, Nina. II. Title. Z6374.H6 R67 2002 [D804.3] 016.94053’18—dc21 00–069153 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright ᭧ 2002 by Philip Rosen and Nina Apfelbaum All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 00–069153 ISBN: 0–313–31076–9 First published in 2002 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America TM The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 Contents Preface vii Historical Background of the Holocaust xi 1 Memoirs, Diaries, and Fiction of the Holocaust 1 2 Poetry of the Holocaust 105 3 Art of the Holocaust 121 4 Music of the Holocaust 165 5 Videos of the Holocaust Experience 183 Index 197 Preface The writers, artists, and musicians whose works are profiled in this re- source guide were selected on the basis of a number of criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
    Glasses of those murdered at Auschwitz Birkenau Nazi German concentration and death camp (1941-1945). © Paweł Sawicki, Auschwitz Memorial 2021 INTERNATIONAL DAY OF COMMEMORATION IN MEMORY OF THE VICTIMS OF THE HOLOCAUST Programme WEDNESDAY, 27 JANUARY 2021 11:00 A.M.–1:00 P.M. EST 17:00–19:00 CET COMMEMORATION CEREMONY Ms. Melissa FLEMING Under-Secretary-General for Global Communications MASTER OF CEREMONIES Mr. António GUTERRES United Nations Secretary-General H.E. Mr. Volkan BOZKIR President of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly Ms. Audrey AZOULAY Director-General of UNESCO Ms. Sarah NEMTANU and Ms. Deborah NEMTANU Violinists | “Sorrow” by Béla Bartók (1945-1981), performed from the crypt of the Mémorial de la Shoah, Paris. H.E. Ms. Angela MERKEL Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany KEYNOTE SPEAKER Hon. Irwin COTLER Special Envoy on Preserving Holocaust Remembrance and Combatting Antisemitism, Canada H.E. Mr. Gilad MENASHE ERDAN Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations H.E. Mr. Richard M. MILLS, Jr. Acting Representative of the United States to the United Nations Recitation of Memorial Prayers Cantor JULIA CADRAIN, Central Synagogue in New York El Male Rachamim and Kaddish Dr. Irene BUTTER and Ms. Shireen NASSAR Holocaust Survivor and Granddaughter in conversation with Ms. Clarissa WARD CNN’s Chief International Correspondent 2 Respondents to the question, “Why do you feel that learning about the Holocaust is important, and why should future generations know about it?” Mr. Piotr CYWINSKI, Poland Mr. Mark MASEKO, Zambia Professor Debórah DWORK, United States Professor Salah AL JABERY, Iraq Professor Yehuda BAUER, Israel Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • Bundesräte Und Ihre Herkunft in Hundert Jahren
    Das Schweizervolk und seine Magistraten : Bundesräte und ihre Herkunft in hundert Jahren Autor(en): H.B. Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Die Schweiz = Suisse = Svizzera = Switzerland : offizielle Reisezeitschrift der Schweiz. Verkehrszentrale, der Schweizerischen Bundesbahnen, Privatbahnen ... [et al.] Band (Jahr): - (1948) Heft 6 PDF erstellt am: 02.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-776311 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Das Schweizervolk und seine Magistraten Bundesräte und ihre Herkunft in hundert Jahren Wer die Geschichte der Schweiz studiert, und sein Vater wurde zum Schullehrer Lehrer, Beamte, Kaufleute, Handwerker, Müller, stößt häufig auf die gleichen Namen und bestimmt.
    [Show full text]
  • Vichy France and the Jews
    VICHY FRANCE AND THE JEWS MICHAEL R. MARRUS AND ROBERT 0. PAXTON Originally published as Vichy et les juifs by Calmann-Levy 1981 Basic Books, Inc., Publishers New York Contents Introduction Chapter 1 / First Steps Chapter 2 / The Roots o f Vichy Antisemitism Traditional Images of the Jews 27 Second Wave: The Crises of the 1930s and the Revival of Antisemitism 34 The Reach of Antisemitism: How Influential Was It? 45 The Administrative Response 54 The Refugee Crisis, 1938-41 58 Chapter 3 / The Strategy o f Xavier Vallat, i 9 4 !-4 2 The Beginnings of German Pressure 77 Vichy Defines the Jewish Issue, 1941 83 Vallat: An Activist at Work 96 The Emigration Deadlock 112 Vallat’s Fall 115 Chapter 4 / The System at Work, 1040-42 The CGQJ and Other State Agencies: Rivalries and Border Disputes 128 Business as Usual 144 Aryanization 152 Emigration 161 The Camps 165 Chapter 5 / Public Opinion, 1040-42 The Climax of Popular Antisemitism 181 The DistriBution of Popular Antisemitism 186 A Special Case: Algeria 191 The Churches and the Jews 197 X C ontents The Opposition 203 An Indifferent Majority 209 Chapter 6 / The Turning Point: Summer 1Q42 215 New Men, New Measures 218 The Final Solution 220 Laval and the Final Solution 228 The Effort to Segregate: The Jewish Star 234 Preparing the Deportation 241 The Vel d’Hiv Roundup 250 Drancy 252 Roundups in the Unoccupied Zone 255 The Massacre of the Innocents 263 The Turn in PuBlic Opinion 270 Chapter 7 / The Darquier Period, 1942-44 281 Darquier’s CGQJ and Its Place in the Regime 286 Darquier’s CGQJ in Action 294 Total Occupation and the Resumption of Deportations 302 Vichy, the ABBé Catry, and the Massada Zionists 310 The Italian Interlude 315 Denaturalization, August 1943: Laval’s Refusal 321 Last Days 329 Chapter 8 / Conclusions: The Holocaust in France .
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting Zero Hour 1945
    REVISITING ZERO-HOUR 1945 THE EMERGENCE OF POSTWAR GERMAN CULTURE edited by STEPHEN BROCKMANN FRANK TROMMLER VOLUME 1 American Institute for Contemporary German Studies The Johns Hopkins University REVISITING ZERO-HOUR 1945 THE EMERGENCE OF POSTWAR GERMAN CULTURE edited by STEPHEN BROCKMANN FRANK TROMMLER HUMANITIES PROGRAM REPORT VOLUME 1 The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies. ©1996 by the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies ISBN 0-941441-15-1 This Humanities Program Volume is made possible by the Harry & Helen Gray Humanities Program. Additional copies are available for $5.00 to cover postage and handling from the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, Suite 420, 1400 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036-2217. Telephone 202/332-9312, Fax 202/265- 9531, E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.aicgs.org ii F O R E W O R D Since its inception, AICGS has incorporated the study of German literature and culture as a part of its mandate to help provide a comprehensive understanding of contemporary Germany. The nature of Germany’s past and present requires nothing less than an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of German society and culture. Within its research and public affairs programs, the analysis of Germany’s intellectual and cultural traditions and debates has always been central to the Institute’s work. At the time the Berlin Wall was about to fall, the Institute was awarded a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to help create an endowment for its humanities programs.
    [Show full text]
  • BICICLETA III Reflexions Sobre El Internacionalismo 8
    III Reflexiones sobre el internacionalismo Osvaldo Bayer Imagen prohibida de Alemania Hace unos meses, el Instituto de Relaciones exteriores de Alemania, invitó al historiador cineasta argentino Osvaldo Bayer (autor de La Patagonia Rebelde ) a participar en un encuentro entre intelectuales alemanes y latinoamericanos. Se le pidió un trabajo sobre "La imagen alemana para un exiliado " pidiéndole que se expresara de forma personal y crítica, en base a su propia experiencia. Pero el sin duda esperado elogio de la democracia alemana en contraste con la sangrienta dictadura de Videla, no se produjo, y el trabajo de Osvaldo Bayer fue rechazado y devuelto con una carta del Director Organismo Günter W. Lorenz en la que le acusaba de formular «aborrecibles difamaciones la R.F.A.». Reproducimos el texto de 1a ponencia rechazada por su indudable valor testimonial e informativo. ¿Qué valor puede tener la opinión de un exiliado latinoamericano acerca de Alemania? ¿No significa esto pedir la opinión de un enfermo? Una opinión que puede variar entre el ditirambo de quien de pronto se halla a salvo y no teme ya oír el timbre de la puerta de su casa, con el consiguiente agradecimiento a la tierra que lo ha recogido; o, todo lo contrario, una acusación emocional, amarga, desesperada por saber que justamente aquí se elabora el sistema que ha hecho posible la tragedia del asesinato o la prisión de los amigos y familiares. De ver -en ese caso-en cada alemán el responsable de todo lo que ocurre a miles de kilómetros de distancia. Al decir esto último ya estamos en la dualidad vivencial del exiliado latinoamericano que se ve obligado a vivir en cualquier país industrial de occidente.
    [Show full text]
  • Jan Karski Papers
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf187001bd No online items Register of the Jan Karski papers Finding aid prepared by Irena Czernichowska and Zbigniew L. Stanczyk Hoover Institution Library and Archives © 2003 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6003 [email protected] URL: http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives Register of the Jan Karski papers 46033 1 Title: Jan Karski papers Date (inclusive): 1939-2007 Collection Number: 46033 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives Language of Material: Polish Physical Description: 20 manuscript boxes, 11 oversize boxes, 1 oversize folder, 6 card file boxes, 24 photo envelopes, and 26 microfilm reels(21.8 Linear Feet) Abstract: Correspondence, memoranda, government documents, bulletins, reports, studies, speeches and writings, printed matter, photographs, clippings, newspapers, periodicals, sound recordings, videotape cassettes, and microfilm, relating to events and conditions in Poland during World War II, the German and Soviet occupations of Poland, treatment of the Jews in Poland during the German occupation, and operations of the Polish underground movement during World War II. Includes microfilm copies of Polish underground publications. Boxes 1-34 also available on microfilm (24 reels). Video use copies of videotape available. Sound use copies of sound recordings available. Creator: Karski, Jan, 1914-2000 Hoover Institution Library & Archives Access The collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Acquisition Information Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives from 1946 to 2008. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Jan Karski papers, [Box no., Folder no.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Falange Española Und Ihr Gründer José Antonio Primo De
    Die Falange Española und ihr Gründer José Antonio Primo de Rivera (1903-1936) - im Rahmen der Bewältigung der Vergangenheit der Zweiten Spanischen Republik (1931-1939) Frank Peter Geinitz Dissertation an der Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München vorgelegt von Frank Peter Geinitz aus Chemnitz München, den 5. Mai 2008 Meinen Eltern Erich und Ingeborg Erstgutachter : Professor Dr. Tilman Mayer, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms- Universität Bonn, Seminar für Politische Wissenschaft Zweitgutachter: Professor Dr. Martin Baumeister, LMU München, Historisches Seminar, Abt. Neueste Geschichte und Zeitgeschichte Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: Mittwoch, 27. Juni 2007 II Vorwort „Ohne Erinnerung keine Versöhnung“ „Ohne Gerechtigkeit kein Frieden“1 Wer ist dieser José Antonio Primo de Rivera, der ein im Chaos versinkendes Spanien retten möchte und dabei sein Leben aufs Spiel setzt? Ist dieser Adlige aus bestem Hause der geeignete und charismatische Anführer, der diesem Land in Zeiten großer politischer und sozialer Not den Weg zu einem ‚Neuen’ Staat, zu neuer Identität weisen kann? Warum das Interesse, 70 Jahre nach dem Tod des Gründers der politischen Bewegung Falange Española , eine Studie über ein anscheinend abgeschlossenes Thema aus der mit Abstand unglücklichsten Epoche der spanischen Geschichte anzufertigen? Es beruht schlicht und einfach auf dem Verlangen, dazu beizutragen, das damalige Geschehen mit den bestehenden Gegensätzen aufzugreifen, zu durchleuchten und, aus einem neuen Blickwinkel heraus, eine neutrale Wertung zur historischen Rolle der Falange Española und ihrer Führerpersönlichkeit hinzuzufügen. Denn die betreffende Epoche - die 30er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts - ist bis heute nicht hinreichend aufgearbeitet. Das Projekt wird ganz bewußt unter die eingangs genannten Mottos gestellt; beide sind für die Bewältigung jener tragischen Jahre der spanischen Geschichte gute ‚Leitbilder’.
    [Show full text]
  • Serge Klarsfeld
    Grand Oral Serge 1984 - 2014 1984 KLARSFELD • Écrivain, historien et avocat, président de l’Association des Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France, vice- président de la Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah 30 ANS DE RENCONTRES 30 DE RENCONTRES ANS en partenariat avec le Mémorial de la Shoah et la librairie Mollat « Jury » présidé par Bernadette DUBOURG, Journaliste à Sud Ouest Jeudi 4 décembre 2014 1984 - 2014 17h00 – 19h00 • Amphi Montesquieu • Sciences Po Bordeaux 330 ANS0 INTRODUCTION Les Rencontres Sciences Po/Sud Ouest ont pour vocation de faire découvrir, à l’occasion de leurs Grands Oraux, des personnalités dont le parcours et l’œuvre sont dignes d’intérêt et parfois même tout à fait exceptionnels. Avec Serge Klarsfeld nous sommes face à un engagement exceptionnel qui constitue l’œuvre d’une vie : la poursuite des criminels nazis et de leurs complices et un travail patient, fastidieux de mémoire pour reconstituer l’identité et l’itinéraire des 76 000 déportés Juifs de France. Telle est l’œuvre de cet avocat, historien qui préside l’association des Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France. Cette quête de vérité l’a poussé avec sa femme, Beate, à traquer par tous les moyens d’anciens nazis comme Klaus Barbie et à dépouiller inlassablement les archives. Une vie de combat obstiné pour que soient jugés à Cologne en 1979, Kurt Lischka, Herbert Hagen , Ernst Heinrichsohn, trois des principaux responsables de la Solution finale en France, que soient inculpés les Français René Bousquet ou Jean Leguay et jugé et condamné Maurice Papon en avril 1998 pour complicité de crime contre l’humanité.
    [Show full text]