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Challenges and Future Perspectives for Tourism Development in the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia

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Challenges and Future Perspectives for Tourism Development in the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia Challenges and Future Perspectives for Tourism Development in The Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia In collaboration with the project ‘Ecosystems for water, food and economic development in the Central Rift Valley‘ and the Horn of Africa Regional Environmental Network (HoA-REN) Author: A. Kauffmann Student Number: 811228-424-110 Date: 19 August 2008 Program: Master Thesis Research for Leisure, Tourism and Environment Department: Socio-spatial Analysis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Examiners: Dr. R. van der Duim & Dr. P. Spliethoff Challenges and Future Perspectives for Tourism Development in The Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia Preface All information in this report is original. No other sources than mentioned and referred to in the text have been used for the creation of this report. The copyright of this report rests with the author. This report is written under the supervision of the Wageningen University. As such, the Wageningen University is responsible for the educational supervision. The author is responsible for the content. Keywords: Tourism development, tourism planning, actor-network, public sector stakeholder, private sector stakeholder, non-profit sector stakeholder, scenario building Adriaan Kauffmann Nijmegen, 19 August 2008 A. Kauffmann, August 2008 1 Master Thesis Leisure, Tourism and Environment, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Challenges and Future Perspectives for Tourism Development in The Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia Table of Contents I. Foreword.................................................................................................................4 II. Summary................................................................................................................5 Chapter 1. Introduction.............................................................................................8 1.1. Background ................................................................................................................... 8 1.2. Assumptions and propositions ................................................................................... 8 1.3. Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.4. Research questions ..................................................................................................... 9 1.5. Research area ............................................................................................................ 10 1.6. Structure of this report .............................................................................................. 10 Chapter 2. Theorising the Tourism Industry and Scenario Building ..................12 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 12 2.2. Tourism and stakeholders perspectives ................................................................ 12 2.3. The dualism of stakeholders and the tourism industry ........................................ 13 2.4. Development ideology .............................................................................................. 14 2.5. Institutionalisation ...................................................................................................... 16 2.6. The Planning Process ............................................................................................... 17 2.7. Future Perspectives & Scenario Building .............................................................. 18 2.8. Methodology ............................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 3. From Ethiopian History to Central Rift Valley Tourism Potentials ...22 3.1. Introduction. ................................................................................................................ 22 3.2. Ethiopia in general ..................................................................................................... 22 3.3. The Ethiopian tourism industry ................................................................................ 25 3.4. The Position and Potentials of the Central Rift Valley Tourism Industry .......... 26 3.5. Sub-conclusion ........................................................................................................... 29 Chapter 4. Challenges for Developing Tourism....................................................31 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 31 4.2. The Tourism Industry Itself ....................................................................................... 31 4.3. Social and Cultural Issues ........................................................................................ 49 4.4. Institutional Structures of the Tourism Industry .................................................... 56 4.5. Concluding and Cross-relating ................................................................................ 63 Chapter 5. Scenarios for CRV’s Tourism Development.......................................66 5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 66 5.2. The Scenario Narratives ........................................................................................... 66 5.3. Scenario 1: The Macro-economic approach ......................................................... 67 5.4. Scenario 2; Sustainable Tourism Network ............................................................ 71 5.5. Scenario 3; Macro-micro economic approach ...................................................... 74 5.6. Scenario 4; Comprehensive approach for alternative tourism development ... 77 5.7. Debating the scenarios ............................................................................................. 81 5.8. Sub-conclusions ......................................................................................................... 88 Chapter 6. Conclusions ..........................................................................................89 6.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 89 6.2. Potentials and challenges ........................................................................................ 89 6.3. Scenario building ....................................................................................................... 91 6.4. Final Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 92 III. References ..........................................................................................................94 IV. Lessons learned.................................................................................................97 A. Kauffmann, August 2008 2 Master Thesis Leisure, Tourism and Environment, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Challenges and Future Perspectives for Tourism Development in The Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia Annex I List of Challenges in CRV’s Tourism Industry II List of Respondents & Participants III Map of Attractions in the CRV Figures 2.1. Sector Stakeholders – Tourism Industry Dualism 2.2. The Interplay of Ideology and Institutionalisation 2.3. Scenario Building Matrix 3.1. En-route Destination Pattern 4.1. Water Consumption by Hotel Guests 5.1. Scenario Matrix Including Narrative Titles Maps 1.1. Map of Research Area 3.1. Map of Ethiopia 4.1. Map of Abijata Shala National Park Schemes 5.1. Back-casting the Macro-economic Approach 5.2. Back-casting the Sustainable Tourism Network Ethiopia 5.3. Back-casting the Macro-micro-economic Approach 5.4. Back-casting the Comprehensive Approach for Alternative Development Pictures 3.1. Lake Chitu 3.2. Lephis Waterfall 3.3. Araki Household Factories 4.1. Shores of Lake Chitu – Hot Spring Front-page Pictures Top: ostrich putting head in the ground Left: Map of Research Area Down: Eco-tourism Sign Nearby Arsi Negele Bottom Right: Bee Eater Top Right: Papyrus Boats at Tullo Guddo Island in Lake Ziway A. Kauffmann, August 2008 3 Master Thesis Leisure, Tourism and Environment, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Challenges and Future Perspectives for Tourism Development in The Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia I. Foreword After graduating in 2006 in Development Studies on the Radboud University Nijmegen, I enrolled in another Master program called Leisure, Tourism and Environment of the Wageningen University, both in The Netherlands. Prior ideas of enrolment were combining tourism development and international development cooperation. Nowadays I still have this strong idea and ambition. But, Ethiopia changed my perceptions on international development cooperation. This research, especially the fieldwork, have learned me inexpressibly much about tourism development, but especially the role of international development cooperation. This will become clear in this report, but personally and professionally I will take a lot of experiences and knowledge with me. I hope I can use this all in future assignments and jobs. And maybe, in the future when I have the position and capability to express all experiences and knowledge I could make a scientific contribution to the world of international cooperation, development studies and tourism studies. The scientific comments and support from examiner Dr. Rene van der Duim has been extremely important.
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