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Níger República De Níger OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS Níger República de Níger La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comuni- cación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La informacion contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios no oficiales. La presente ficha país no defiende posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. OCTUBRE 2012 División Administrativa: Dividido en 8 regiones que toman el nombre de la Niger capital de la región: Niamey, Agadez, Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua, Tillabery, Zinder y Diffa. Las regiones se dividen en 36 departamentos, que a su vez se dividen en 265 comunas, de las cuales 52 son urbanas y 213 rurales. Idiomas: Francés (oficial), Hausa, Tuareg, Djerma, Fulani y otros. 1.2. Geografía País sin litoral de África occidental, limita al sur con Nigeria y Benín, al oeste ARGELIA con Burkina Faso y Malí, al norte con Argelia y Libia, y al este con Chad. Sus zonas septentrional y central se encuentran en las áreas desérticas del Sahara y del Sahel. La zona desértica alcanza su máximo rigor en el Teneré. En ella se encuentran macizos montañosos como el del Air, que alcanza su pico máximo en el monte Bagzane, de 2022 m. Las ciudades más importantes de esta zona del país son Tahoua y Agadez. MALI Agadez 1.3. Indicadores Sociales Índice de desarrollo humano: puesto 186 (de 187) del Informe Desarrollo CHAD Humano del PNUD 2011. Gouré Niamey Densidad de población: 12,7 Lago Chad Edad media población: 15,5 (2010) BURKINA NIGERIA Población urbana: 17,2 % (2011) FASO CAMERÚN BENÍN PIB per cápita: 375 $ (2010) y 427 $ (2011) © Oficina de Información Diplomática. 2012 AOD bruta recibida: 8,9% PIB (2009) Aviso: Las fronteras trazadas no son necesariamente las reconocidas oficialmente. Inversiones directas extranjeras: 13,7 % PIB (2009) Población por debajo línea internacional pobreza: 43,1% (2011) Población en pobreza extrema: 81,8% (2011) 1. DATOS BÁSICOS Coeficiente GINI: 34,6 (2008) Tasa de alfabetización total (adultos + 15 años): 28,7% (2011) Tasa bruta de Natalidad: 49 (2010) 1.1. Características generales Esperanza de vida al nacer: 54 años Tasa crecimiento anual de la población: 3,4 (1990-2010) Nombre oficial: República de Níger (République du Niger) Tasa total de fecundidad: 6,9 (2011) Superficie: 1.267.000 kms² Tasa de mortalidad: 224 (mujeres) y 229 (hombres) por mil (2009) Situación y Límites: Situado en África occidental sin salida al mar. Limita al Tasa de mortalidad menores 5 años: 160 por mil (2009) Norte con Argelia y Libia, al Este con Chad, al Sur con Nigeria y Benin, al Oeste con Burkina Faso y al Norte y Oeste con Mali. 1.4. Estructura del PIB Población: 16.274.738 habitantes (datos 2012) Capital: Niamey (1.388.682 habitantes) PIB 2008 2009 2010 Otras ciudades: Zinder (499.563 hab.), Maradi (469.410 hab.), Tahoua SECTORES DE ORIGEN Y COMPONENTES DEL GASTO (378.390 hab.), Agadez (313.685 hab) y Dosso (231.184 hab.) Servicios 38,2% 39,9% n.d. Grupos étnicos: los Hausa (56%), Djerma-Songhai (22%), Fulbé (8.5%) y Tua- Agricultura 46,5% 44% n.d. regs (8%), Kanouri (4%), Toubus, Árabes y Gurmantche (1%). Industria 15,3% 16,1% n.d. Religión: Mayoría musulmana (86 %) y el resto cristiana y religiones tradicionales. Total 100 100 100 Moneda: Franco CFA Consumo público 15,1% 17,2% n.d. Forma de Estado: República unitaria. Consumo privado 71,3% 74,3% n.d. 2 FICHA PAÍS NÍGER Formación bruta de capital 28% 29,1% n.d. 1.8. Distribución del comercio por productos Inventarios 1,2% 0 n.d. Exportaciones 18,9% 19,8% n.d. IMPORTACIONES DE NÍGER DEL MUNDO, POR CAPÍTULOS, Importaciones -34,6% -40,5% n.d. EN MILES DE EUROS Total 100 100 100 2007 2008 2009 2010 1.5. Coyuntura económica Total Productos 1.082.395 901.450 891.620 935.512 Combustibles, aceites mineral. 508.498 109.835 107.208 42.619 DATOS ECONÓMICOS 2009 2010 2011 Máquinas y aparatos mecánicos. 56.169 104.141 131.021 136.754 Evolución del PIB (%)(1) -0,9% 7,9% 5,4% Vehículos automóviles; tractores 67.805 89.110 80.825 70.998 PIB por habitante ($) (2) 371 375 427 Aparatos y material eléctricos. 34.557 57.079 53.843 88.271 PIB absoluto (M$ corrientes) (3) 5.268 5.493 6.450 Productos farmacéuticos. 54.646 76.803 69.933 82.886 IPC (variación últimos 12 meses, %)(4) 1,1% 0,9% 3,9% Manuf. de fundic., hier./acero. 12.483 31.965 49.791 49.942 Tipo de interés de referencia 4,25% 4,25% 4,25% Produc. de cereales, de pastelería 19.877 28.369 30.586 54.685 Exportaciones (M$) 438 325 n.d Tabaco y sus sucedáneos. 24.931 36.174 29.872 24.196 Exportaciones a UE (M$) 309 264 n.d Mat. plásticas; sus manufactu. 13.564 61.793 20.065 15.740 Importaciones (M$) 1.194 1.122 n.d Algodón 28.471 18.751 18.371 25.510 Importaciones de UE (M$) 496 506 n.d IED recibida (M$) 739 947 n.d EXPORTACIONES DE NÍGER AL RESTO DEL MUNDO POR IED emitida (M$) 10 14 n.d CAPÍTULOS, EN MILES DE EUROS Saldo por cuenta corriente ( % PIB) -25% -22,4% -26,7% Deuda externa (M$) 832 979 n.d 2007 2008 2009 2010 Tamaño sector público (% PIB) 24,5 21,5 24 Total Productos 217.253 139.244 314.780 247.928 Fuente: World Economic Database, FMI, septiembre de 2011 para todos los datos excepto Product. químicos inorgánicos. 182.719 30.538 215.225 193.156 importaciones y exportaciones (Proclarity), inversiones (UNCTAD), deuda externa y reser- Combustibles, aceites mineral. 250 40.172 72.439 18.345 vas (African Statistical Yearbook 2011, AfDB) Aeronaves; vehículos espaciales. 177 37.310 56 258 (1) A partir de 2008 son estimaciones; 2) Estimaciones desde 2005; (3) Estimaciones Máquinas y aparatos mecánicos. 4.677 5.486 2.727 3.849 desde 2008; (4) Estimaciones desde 2009 Legumbres, hortalizas, s/ conserv. 2.306 873 6.288 9.540 Aparatos y material eléctricos. 4.373 4.369 2.888 3.185 1.6. Comercio Exterior Objetos de arte; antiguedades. 4.869 156 385 548 Fundición, hierro y acero. 187 141 22 43 CUENTA CORRIENTE Vehículos automóviles; tractores. 1.130 3.643 1.033 791 DATOS EN MILLARDOS CFA 2008 2009 2010 Aparatos ópticos, medida, médicos. 1.421 1.013 1.689 1.957 Cuenta corriente -318,1 -542,6 -643,4 Fuente: proclarity Balanza Comercial (Saldo) -186,6 -358,7 -259,8 Exportaciones fob 404,8 390,1 478,6 Importaciones fob 591,4 748,8 738,4 2. SITUACIÓN POLÍTICA Balanza de Servicios -224,6 -269,2 -404,1 Balanza de Ingresos -6 -42,9 -54,8 2.1 Política interior Balanza de Transferencias 99,1 128,3 75,3 La Constitución de 1999 abrió un período de estabilidad política de 10 años, la 1.7. Distribución del comercio por países. 2010 V República, presidido por Mahamadou Tandja, el cual ganó las elecciones de 2000 y 2004. Sin embargo, en 2009, antes del final de su mandato, desenca- EXPORTACIONES denó una crisis política al forzar la aprobación de una nueva Constitución que le permitiría seguir detentando el poder más allá del límite de dos mandatos MILES DE EUROS 2008 VAR. % 2009 VAR. % 2010 VAR. % que establecía la Constitución de 1999. La instauración de la VI República y la Francia 34.820 -80 218.263 527 196.247 -10 celebración de elecciones sin participación de los grupos opositores, que se Estados Unidos 30.522 332 77.112 153 20.531 -73 organizaron en torno a la CFDR (Coordinación de Fuerzas Democráticas por la Ghana 1.351 1.007 5.517 308 8.087 47 República), y con la crítica de toda la comunidad internacional, provocó un golpe India 325 21 178 -45 8.038 4.404 militar en febrero de 2010 bajo el mando del Capitán de Escuadrón Salou Djibo. Australia 4.102 -16 1.788 -56 2.463 38 España 680 -57 1.081 59 1.292 20 Se instauró el Consejo Supremo para la Restauración de la Democracia, se eligió un Gobierno de Transición formado por tecnócratas y militares y se esta- IMPORTACIONES blecieron una serie de órganos, como el Consejo Consultivo Nacional, la CENI, la Comisión de Textos, etc. Las autoridades de transición elaboraron rápidamente MILES DE EUROS 2008 VAR. % 2009 VAR. % 2010 VAR. % una hoja de ruta con un cronograma detallado para la vuelta a la democracia, Francia 176.684 51 163.707 -7 210.203 28 que contó para su ejecución con el acompañamiento de la Comunidad Interna- China 113.414 406 203.397 79 205.281 1 cional, especialmente la CEDEAO, UA y la UE. Bélgica 43.800 -31 33.121 -24 46.430 40 Países Bajos 30.896 73 79.773 158 40.776 -49 El cronograma se fue cumpliendo y permitió la aprobación de la nueva Constitución Estados Unidos 34.001 -33 41.754 23 37.740 -10 en octubre de 2010, a través de un Referéndum Constitucional, con una participa- ción del 52,65% y con el 90,18% de votos a favor. Fue promulgada el 25 de noviem- bre, instaurándose la VII República. La nueva Constitución establece una República presidencialista más moderada, con un sistema de controles entre los poderes y con un amplio catálogo de derechos y deberes de los ciudadanos.
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