Detection and Monitoring of Active Faults in Urban Environments: Time Series Interferometry on the Cities of Patras and Pyrgos (Peloponnese, Greece)
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Geomorphological Approaches to the Study of Neotectonics
Journal of the Geological Society, London, Vol. 143, 1986, pp. 335-342, 4 figs, 4 tables. Printed in Northern Ireland Geomorphological approaches to the study of neotectonics J. C. DOORNKAMP Department of Geography, The University, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK Abstract: The study of morphotectonics is concerned with the analysis of landforms whose form or origins have been affected by neotectonic activity. Traditional morphotectonic studies have been used as a basis for more refined (e.g. statistical) analyses. After the 1960s, however, there emerged new techniques and new approaches to the study of morphotectonics. These have made more precise not only the recognition of morphotectonic features, but have also improved their dating. The time has come to integrate morphotectonic studies more fully both with the approaches used by other disciplines and with modern geomorphological theory. Neotectonics is frequently associated with morphotectonics, traditional period but which pursued more subtle and more which is concerned with the geomorphology of landforms elusive data, and used more refined analytical techniques. whose character is related to recent tectonics. Morphotec- Typical of these were the studies in Uganda where the early tonics can be sub-divided into two parts. One part centres models of rift valley formationand drainage reversal (to on structural activity resulting from isostatic adjustment formLake Victoria) defined by Wayland (1929, 1934a,b) since the Quaternary, and the other is more concerned with were elaborated by Doornkamp & Temple (1966). neotectonics which is not itself responsea to post- Statistical analysis of the warped rift valley shoulders Pleistoceneisostatic effects. Thisaccount is restricted to (Doornkamp 1972) revealed zones of warping much more neotectonics; topics relating to isostatic effects are discussed precisely than had hitherto been the case. -
Introduction San Andreas Fault: an Overview
Introduction This volume is a general geology field guide to the San Andreas Fault in the San Francisco Bay Area. The first section provides a brief overview of the San Andreas Fault in context to regional California geology, the Bay Area, and earthquake history with emphasis of the section of the fault that ruptured in the Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906. This first section also contains information useful for discussion and making field observations associated with fault- related landforms, landslides and mass-wasting features, and the plant ecology in the study region. The second section contains field trips and recommended hikes on public lands in the Santa Cruz Mountains, along the San Mateo Coast, and at Point Reyes National Seashore. These trips provide access to the San Andreas Fault and associated faults, and to significant rock exposures and landforms in the vicinity. Note that more stops are provided in each of the sections than might be possible to visit in a day. The extra material is intended to provide optional choices to visit in a region with a wealth of natural resources, and to support discussions and provide information about additional field exploration in the Santa Cruz Mountains region. An early version of the guidebook was used in conjunction with the Pacific SEPM 2004 Fall Field Trip. Selected references provide a more technical and exhaustive overview of the fault system and geology in this field area; for instance, see USGS Professional Paper 1550-E (Wells, 2004). San Andreas Fault: An Overview The catastrophe caused by the 1906 earthquake in the San Francisco region started the study of earthquakes and California geology in earnest. -
Study of Morphotectonics and Hydrogeology for Groundwater
STUDY OF MORPHOTECTONICS AND HYDROGEOLOGY FOR GROUNDWATER PROSPECTING USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN THE NORTH WEST HIMALAYA, DISTRICT SIRMOUR, HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA Thapa, R1, Kumar Ravindra2and Sood, R.K1 1Remote Sensing Centre, Science Technology & Environment, 34-SDA Complex, Kasumpti, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India 171 009 India - [email protected], [email protected] 2Centre of Advanced Study in Geology,Panjab University Chandigarh,160 014 India - [email protected]. KEY WORDS: Satellite Imageries, Neo-Tectonics,GPS, Hydrogeology, Morphometric Analysis, Weightage, GIS, Ground Water Potential. ABSTRACT: The study of aerial photographs, satellite images topographic maps supported by ground truth survey reveals that the study area has a network of interlinked subsurface fractures. The features of neo-tectonic activities in the form of faults and lineaments has a definite control on the alignment of many rivers and their tributaries. Geology and Morphotectonics describes the regional geology and its correlation with major and minor geological structures. The study of slopes, aspects, drainage network represents the hydrogeology and helps in categorization of the land forms into different hydro-geomorphological classes representing the relationship of the geological structures vis-à-vis the ground water occurrence. Data integration and ground water potential describes the designing of data base for ground water analysis in GIS platform and the use of hydro-geomorphological models based on satellite imageries -
Western States Seismic Policy Council Policy Recommendation 18-3
WESTERN STATES SEISMIC POLICY COUNCIL POLICY RECOMMENDATION 18-3 Definitions of Recency of Surface Faulting for the Basin and Range Province Policy Recommendation 18-3 WSSPC recommends that each state in the Basin and Range physiographic province (BRP), through consultation with state and federal geological surveys and other earthquake-hazard experts, define scientifically and societally relevant categories for recency of surface faulting (generally earthquake magnitude ≥M 6.5). WSSPC further recommends that in the absence of information to the contrary, all Quaternary faults be considered to have the recency of activity documented in the USGS Quaternary fault and fold database until more adequate data can be developed. Executive Summary Fault recency definitions are limited to the Quaternary because this period of geologic time is considered by the scientific community to be most relevant to paleoseismic studies of earthquake faults (Machette and others, 2004). The recency class of a fault is the youngest class based on the demonstrated age of most recent surface faulting. Latest Pleistocene-Holocene faults are included within the definition of late Quaternary faults, and both latest Pleistocene-Holocene and late Quaternary faults are included in Quaternary faults. Establishment/definition of surface-faulting recency categories are based on the ways that faults are portrayed on geologic maps and on the availability of geologic data in the BRP. Policy makers (owners, regulators, governmental agencies) should consult with state and federal geological surveys and other earthquake-hazard experts in using these recency categories and additional geologic data in developing definitions of hazardous faults to be considered in planning for development or infrastructure projects. -
Mechanical Modelling of Oblique Convergence in the Zagros, Iran
Geophys. J. Int. (2006) 165, 991–1002 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02900.x Mechanical modelling of oblique convergence in the Zagros, Iran ∗ Philippe Vernant and Jean Ch´ery Laboratoire Dynamique de la Lithosph`ere, CNRS-Universit´e de Montpellier II, CC 060, place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France. E-mail: [email protected] 2.fr Accepted 2006 January 7. Received 2005 October 28; in original form 2005 October 28 SUMMARY Recent GPS surveys indicate that the Zagros kinematics corresponds to an oblique convergence between a rigid central Iranian plateau and the Arabian plate at ∼7mmyr−1 at the longitude of the Persian Gulf. Convergence is almost frontal in the SE Zagros and oblique (45◦)inthe NW part of the range. It has been proposed that internal deformation of the NW Zagros occurs in a partitioned mode. In such a view, the Main Recent Fault (MRF) bordering the Iranian plateau accommodates all the tangential motion, while shortening happens by pure thrusting within the fold and thrust belt as suggested by the focal mechanisms within the range. We use a 2.5-D mechanical finite element model of the Zagros to understand the influence on the Zagros deformation of (1) the obliquity of convergence, (2) the rheological layering of the lithosphere (strong upper crust, weak lower crust, strong or weak uppermost mantle) and (3) a possible weakness of the MRF. Surprisingly, a fully partitioned mode occurs only when the collision is very oblique. In the case of the NW Zagros, we find that the MRF can accommodate only ∼25 per cent of the whole tangential motion. -
Late Quaternary Faulting in the Kaikoura Region, Southeastern Marlborough, New Zealand
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Russell J. Van Dissen for the degree of Master of Science in Geology presented on February 15, 1989. Title: Late Quaternary Faulting in the Kaikoura Region, Southeastern Marlborough, New Zealand Redacted for privacy Abstract approved: Dr. Robert 8.0eats Active faults in the Kaikoura region include the Hope, Kekerengu, and Fidget Faults, and the newly discovered Jordan Thrust, Fyffe, and Kowhai Faults. Ages of faulted alluvial terraces along the Hope Fault and the Jordan Thrust were estimated using radiocarbon-calibrated weathering-rind measurements on graywacke clasts. Within the study area, the Hope Fault is divided, from west to east, into the Kahutara, Mt. Fyffe, and Seaward segments. The Kahutara segment has a relatively constant Holocene right-lateral slip rate of 20-32 mm/yr, and an earthquake recurrence interval of 86 to 600 yrs: based on single-event displacements of 3 to 12 m. The western portion of the Mt. Fyffe segment has a minimum Holocene lateral slip rate of 16 + 5 mm/yr .(southeast side up); the eastern portion has horizontal and vertical slip rates of 4.8+ 2.7 mm/yr and 1.7 + 0.2 mm/yr, respectively (northwest side up). There is no dated evidence for late Quaternary movementon the Seaward segment, and its topographic expression is much more subdued than that of the two western segments. The Jordan Thrust extends northeast from the Hope Fault, west of the Seaward segment. The thrust has horizontal and vertical slip rates of 2.2 + 1.3 mm/yr and 2.1 + 0.5 mm/yr, respectively (northwest side up), and a maximum recurrence interval of 1200 yrs: based on 3 events within the last 3.5 ka. -
Active and Potentially Active Faults in Or Near the Alaska Highway Corridor, Dot Lake to Tetlin Junction, Alaska
Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys PRELIMINARY INTERPRETIVE REPORT 2010-1 ACTIVE AND POTENTIALLY ACTIVE FAULTS IN OR NEAR THE ALASKA HIGHWAY CORRIDOR, DOT LAKE TO TETLIN JUNCTION, ALASKA by Gary A. Carver, Sean P. Bemis, Diana N. Solie, Sammy R. Castonguay, and Kyle E. Obermiller September 2010 THIS REPORT HAS NOT BEEN REVIEWED FOR TECHNICAL CONTENT (EXCEPT AS NOTED IN TEXT) OR FOR CONFORMITY TO THE EDITORIAL STANDARDS OF DGGS. Released by STATE OF ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 3354 College Rd. Fairbanks, Alaska 99709-3707 $4.00 CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Seismotectonic setting of the Tanana River valley region of Alaska ................................................................ 3 2008 fi eld studies .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Field and analytical methods ............................................................................................................................ 5 Dot “T” Johnson fault ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Robertson -
Geological Sciences Department Annual Report 2018-19
Geological Sciences Department Annual Report 2018-19 I. Student Success: Fall 2019 Cohort and Progress on Graduation Initiative 2025 Instructions to Department Cal Poly Pomona is committed to making evidenced-based decisions in support of our students’ success. The CPP Tableau Dashboards (http://www.cpp.edu/~irpa/dashboards/index.shtml) and CSU Student Success Dashboards (https://csusuccess.dashboards.calstate.edu/public/app/dashboard/dashboard-index.php) are tools to analyze our progress, foster cultures of inquiry, and help us identify and pursue those changes with the greatest potential to benefit our students. Using these tools, reflect on and summarize the Department’s efforts in AY 2018-19 to increase the retention and graduation rates of students, including efforts to close equity gaps for Pell-eligible and underrepresented minority students (URM). More specifically, focus on the following strategies, which were strategic priorities this year in alignment with the CSU Graduation Initiative. 1. Progress on improving graduation and retention rates (both freshman and transfer). • Where do you see the most significant challenge and the most improvement? What accounts for the progress and what strategies did you employ this year? Transfer graduation rates in Geology show an upward trend over the past 4 years. The 2-year rate exceeds the CSU goal, and the 4-year rate is approaching the goal. We attribute these positive results to concerted Department efforts to better advise students, and generally good preparation of students entering the major, with an intention of staying in Geology. Historically, our transfer cohort is larger than the freshman cohort, because Earth Science is rarely taught in local high schools First time freshmen graduation rates show an upward trajectory that currently exceeds the goal for 6-year graduation. -
D. Giannopoulos , E. Sokos , K. Konstantinou , A. Lois , G-Akis Tselentis (Email: [email protected]) Crustal Dynamics Vs Anisotropy
Temporal variation of shear-wave splitting parameters related to Movri Mountain earthquake in northwest Peloponnese (Greece) (1) University of Patras, (2) Institute of Geophysics, Department of Geology, National Central University, (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) EGU2012-8549 Seismology Laboratory, Taiwan GD2.2/GMPV6.5/SM3.7/TS3.8 Greece D. Giannopoulos , E. Sokos , K. Konstantinou , A. Lois , G-Akis Tselentis (email: [email protected]) Crustal Dynamics vs Anisotropy 21o20’ 21o30’ 21o40’ ABSTRACT Patraikos Gulf Patras DATA RESULTS For the purpose of this study three-component recordings are needed from stations in continuous operation during the periods before and after the occurrence After the analysis we obtained valid results (ö, dt) from 10 seismic events On June 8, 2008, at 12:25 GMT, a Mw 6.4 earthquake occur- Kefallonia of the Movri Mountain earthquake. The only station in the study area that satisfied the above criterion was Riolos station (RLS) which is operating since the for the period before the occurrence of the Movri Mountain earthquake Ionian red in the area of northwest Peloponnese, western Greece. Thrust July of 2001. No other seismological station around the epicenter was equipped with three-component seismometers and operating continuously in the and from 122 seismic events for the period after the earthquake (Fig. 2, 3). Ionian Sea Araxos Kato Achaia The epicenter was located in the municipality of Movri 35km H studied time period. The station is part of the seismological network of the Institute of Geodynamics, National Observatory of Athens (GI-NOA) and the e l Peloponnese le Polarization directions. Before the earthquake, the polarization southwest of Patras. -
Surface Rupture of the 14 Nov 2016 Kaikoura
The 14 Nov 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake: Surface rupture ... and much more Pilar Villamor on behalf of the Earthquake Geology Response Team (54): Adrian Benson, Alan Bischoff, Alex Hatem, Andrea Barrier, Andy Nicol, Anekant Wandres, Biljana Lukovic, Brendan Hall, Caleb Gasston, Callum Margetts, Cam Asher, Chris Grimshaw, Chris Madugo, Clark Fenton, Dan Hale, David Barrell, David Heron, Delia Strong, Dougal Townsend, Duncan Noble, Jamie Howarth, Jarg Pettinga, Jesse Kearse, Jack Williams, Joel Bensing, John Manousakis, Josh Borella, Joshu Mountjoy, Julie Rowland, Kate Clark, Kate Pedley, Katrina Sauer, Kelvin Berryman, Mark Hemphill-Haley, Mark Stirling, Marlene Villeneuve, Matt Cockroft, Narges Khajavi, Nick Griffiths, Philip Barnes, Pilar Villamor, Rachel Carne, Robert Langridge, Robert Zinke, Russ van Dissen, Sam McColl, Simon Cox, Steve Lawson, Tim Little, Tim Stahl, Ursula Cochran, Virgina Toy, William Ries, Zoe Juniper GNS Science 14 November Kaikoura Earthquake This talk - Background - Kaikoura Earthquake - Seismicity, ground motions - InSAR and GNSS - Preliminary rupture models - Surface Rupture - Tsunami, Landslides (if we have time..) Photo: Sally Dellow, GNS Science Surface rupture of the Papatea Fault displacing the coastal platform, road, railway and hill country. GNS Science Background • The 14 Nov event occurred in the region between the Hikurangi subduction system of the North Island and the oblique collisional regime of the South Island (Alpine Fault) GNS Science Background • The 14 Nov event ruptured several faults that expand into different tectonic domains: o The strike-slip Marlborough fault system consists of a series of right lateral strike-slip faults, some with reverse component, that link to the Alpine fault on the west and to the subduction margin fore-arc to the east. -
Surface Rupture Database for Seismic Hazard Assessment
RAPPORT Surface rupture database for Seismic Hazard Assessment 2015 Report of the Kick-Off Meeting of the “SURE Database” Working Group RT/PRP-DGE/2016-00022 Pôle radioprotection, environnement, déchets et crise Service de caractérisation des sites et des aléas naturels ABSTRACT The goal of the fault displacement hazard assessment is to describe and quantify the permanent displacement that can occur during an earthquake at the ground surface. One of the methods to do so is probabilistic (PFDHA: Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis) and is basically based on empirical approaches which allows predicting the possible displacement on the earthquake fault (« on-fault » displacement) and off this major fault on other fault segments (« off-fault » displacement). Predictive relationships (also called “regressions”) were published in the last 15 years (e.g. Youngs et al., 2003; Petersen et al., 2011; Takao et al., 2013) and they are based on data catalogs limited in case numbers and in magnitude ranges. Because there are practical applications of PFDHA in terms of engineering, there is concern in the geologists and engineers communities, for instance in the INQUA and the IAEA-ISSC groups, to improve the methodology. A first and critical step is to build up a community-sourced, worldwide, unified database of surface rupturing earthquakes to include a large number of earthquake cases in various seismotectonic contexts. This is the core task of the SURE (Surface Rupture Earthquake) Working Group which is growing with the support of INQUA and IAEA-ISSC. During the kick-off meeting held in Paris (October 2015) and sponsored by the Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), earthquake geology experts from the USA, Europe (France, Italy, UK, Germany), Japan, New Zealand, South America (Argentina) formed this group and exchanged their experience in surface rupturing events during 3 days. -
Master Thesis Template
Automatic detection and spatial quantification of trawl-marks in sidescan sonar images through image processing and analysis M A S T E R T H E S I S CHARIKLEIA GOURNIA April 2019 T h e s i s supervisor: Prof. Dr. George PAPATHEODOROU Environmental sciences School of natural sciences University of Patras Greece To George Papatheodorou who made this master’s study experience much more beautiful than my fantasy Supervisor professor: George Papatheodorou Examination Committee: Professor George Papatheodorou Professor Constantinos Koutsikopoulos Associate Professor Maria Geraga Επιβλέπων Καθηγητής: Γιώργος Παπαθεοδώρου Τριμελής Εξεταστική Επιτροπή: Καθηγητής Γιώργος Παπαθεοδώρου Καθηγητής Κωνσταντίνος Κουτσικόπουλος Αναπληρώτρια Καθηγήτρια Μαρία Γεραγά Abstract Bottom trawl footprints are a prominent environmental impact of deep-sea fishery that was revealed through the evolution of underwater remote sensing technologies. Image processing techniques have been widely applied in acoustic remote sensing, but accurate trawl-mark (TM) detection is underdeveloped. The paper presents a new algorithm for the automatic detection and spatial quantification of TMs that is implemented on sidescan sonar (SSS) images of a fishing ground from the Gulf of Patras in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. This method inspects any structure of the local seafloor in an environmentally adaptive procedure, in order to overcome the predicament of analyzing noisy and complex SSS images of the seafloor. The initial preprocessing stage deals with radiometric inconsistencies. Then, multiplex filters in the spatial domain are performed with multiscale rotated Haar-like features through integral images that locate the TM-like forms and additionally discriminate the textural characteristics of the seafloor. The final TMs are selected according to their geometric and background environment features, and the algorithm successfully produces a set of trawling-ground quantification values that could be established as a baseline measure for the status assessment of a fishing ground.