Active Tectonics of the Dasht-E Bayaz Fault (Ene Iran)
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Bam, Iran Earthquake of 26 December 2003, Mw6.5: a Study on the Strong Ground Motions
13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 2004 Paper No. 8001 BAM, IRAN EARTHQUAKE OF 26 DECEMBER 2003, MW6.5: A STUDY ON THE STRONG GROUND MOTIONS Mehdi ZARE1 SUMMARY The Bam earthquake of 26 December 2003 (Mw6.5) occurred at 01:56:56 (GMT, 05:26:56 local time) around the city of Bam in the southeast of Iran. The Bam earthquake of 26/12/2003 (Mw6.5) has demolished the city of Bam, having a population of about 100000 at the time of the earthquake. The Bam fault - which was mapped before the event on the geological maps - has been reactivated during the 26/12/2003 earthquake. It seems that a length of about 10km (at the surface) of this fault has been reactivated, where it passed exactly from the east of the city of Bam. The fault has a slop towards the west and the foci of the event was located closed to the residential area (almost beneath the city of Bam). This caused a great damage in the macroseismic epicentral zone; however the strong motions have been attenuated very rapidly, specially towards the east-and west (fault normal) direction. The vertical directivity effects caused the amplification of the low frequency motions in the fault-normal direction as well as the greater amplitude of the motion on the vertical direction. INTRODUCTION The Bam earthquake of 26/12/2003 (Mw6.5) demolished the city of Bam in the southeast of Iran (Figure- 1). The earthquake happened at 5:26 am local time when most of the inhabitants were slept, that can be one of the causes of the great life losses. -
Geomorphological Approaches to the Study of Neotectonics
Journal of the Geological Society, London, Vol. 143, 1986, pp. 335-342, 4 figs, 4 tables. Printed in Northern Ireland Geomorphological approaches to the study of neotectonics J. C. DOORNKAMP Department of Geography, The University, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK Abstract: The study of morphotectonics is concerned with the analysis of landforms whose form or origins have been affected by neotectonic activity. Traditional morphotectonic studies have been used as a basis for more refined (e.g. statistical) analyses. After the 1960s, however, there emerged new techniques and new approaches to the study of morphotectonics. These have made more precise not only the recognition of morphotectonic features, but have also improved their dating. The time has come to integrate morphotectonic studies more fully both with the approaches used by other disciplines and with modern geomorphological theory. Neotectonics is frequently associated with morphotectonics, traditional period but which pursued more subtle and more which is concerned with the geomorphology of landforms elusive data, and used more refined analytical techniques. whose character is related to recent tectonics. Morphotec- Typical of these were the studies in Uganda where the early tonics can be sub-divided into two parts. One part centres models of rift valley formationand drainage reversal (to on structural activity resulting from isostatic adjustment formLake Victoria) defined by Wayland (1929, 1934a,b) since the Quaternary, and the other is more concerned with were elaborated by Doornkamp & Temple (1966). neotectonics which is not itself responsea to post- Statistical analysis of the warped rift valley shoulders Pleistoceneisostatic effects. Thisaccount is restricted to (Doornkamp 1972) revealed zones of warping much more neotectonics; topics relating to isostatic effects are discussed precisely than had hitherto been the case. -
Analytical Report on the Status of the Target Villages, Nov 2014.Pdf
Analytical Report on the Status of the target Villages November 30th, 2014 Introduction Saffron value chain development program has been implemented since the end of year 2013 with the aim of promoting production and obtaining the maximum value added of saffron by the beneficiaries of this industry in various sectors of agriculture, processing and export of saffron with the cooperation of Agriculture Bank of Iran through United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). In the agricultural and production sector, according to studies carried out, there is no optimum performance and efficiency in comparison with the international standards and norms; in addition the beneficiaries of this sector do not obtain appropriate value from activities made in this sector. To this end, in one of the executive parts of this program, under improving the efficiency of saffron production, 20 villages in two provinces of southern and Razavi Khorasan were selected. The Characteristics of these villages, being as the center as well as being well known regarding the production of saffron, were the reasons of choosing these areas. Also, in all these villages, local experts and consultants, who have been trained by the executive project team and have been employed under this program will make technical advices to the farmers and hold different training courses for them. The following report is part of the data collected and analyzed by these consultants in 16 selected villages up to the reporting date. These reports, training courses, and technical advices, are an attempt to improve the manufacturing process, and increase production efficiency and product quality in the production of saffron. -
Study of Morphotectonics and Hydrogeology for Groundwater
STUDY OF MORPHOTECTONICS AND HYDROGEOLOGY FOR GROUNDWATER PROSPECTING USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN THE NORTH WEST HIMALAYA, DISTRICT SIRMOUR, HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA Thapa, R1, Kumar Ravindra2and Sood, R.K1 1Remote Sensing Centre, Science Technology & Environment, 34-SDA Complex, Kasumpti, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India 171 009 India - [email protected], [email protected] 2Centre of Advanced Study in Geology,Panjab University Chandigarh,160 014 India - [email protected]. KEY WORDS: Satellite Imageries, Neo-Tectonics,GPS, Hydrogeology, Morphometric Analysis, Weightage, GIS, Ground Water Potential. ABSTRACT: The study of aerial photographs, satellite images topographic maps supported by ground truth survey reveals that the study area has a network of interlinked subsurface fractures. The features of neo-tectonic activities in the form of faults and lineaments has a definite control on the alignment of many rivers and their tributaries. Geology and Morphotectonics describes the regional geology and its correlation with major and minor geological structures. The study of slopes, aspects, drainage network represents the hydrogeology and helps in categorization of the land forms into different hydro-geomorphological classes representing the relationship of the geological structures vis-à-vis the ground water occurrence. Data integration and ground water potential describes the designing of data base for ground water analysis in GIS platform and the use of hydro-geomorphological models based on satellite imageries -
Ranking of Public Libraries in Khorasan Razavi Province Based
Ranking Public Libraries in Khorasan Razavi Province Based on Multi Attribute Decision Making Method Mohammad Javad Hashemzadeh Associate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of psychology & Education, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Mohammad Jafari Master of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of psychology & Education, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Leili Seifi *Corresponding author, Assistant Professor Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of psychology & Education, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to rank public libraries in Khorasan Razavi province based on Multi Attribute Decision Making Method. Methodology: The study was a descriptive survey. The sample consists of a total of 98 urban public libraries under the Iranian Foundation of Public Libraries in Khorasan Razavi, and 100 employees and librarians working in public libraries were chosen randomly. For collection data a checklist and a researcher made questionnaire were used. The questionnaire validity was verified by professionals and experts in the field of Public Libraries and the reliability of questionnaire was verified and confirmed through Cronbach alpha and retest method. Findings: The findings showed that the indicators in ranking Public Libraries through which the state of access to the libraries and collections, facility and speed of the process of membership were identified as important factors. And also overall indexes of human resources, access, services, acceptance, technology, space, equipment and resources were identified important indicators, respectively. The findings also showed that libraries of Shahid Bahonar Kakhk, Shahid Sayyad Shirazi Dargaz and Hasheminejad Bidokht were as high ranked libraries, respectively. -
Data Collection Survey Report on Earthquake Management in Iran
DATA COLLECTION SURVEY REPORT ON EARTHQUAKE MANAGEMENT IN IRAN AUGUST 2019 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL BUSINESS SUPPORT CENTER AND YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. 7R JR 19-010 Summary 1. Overview of Iran The Islamic Republic of Iran is located in the southwest Asia and the country has a mountainous area and a desert. The land area is around 1.6 million km2 and it is approx. 4.4 times1 that of Japan. It is bordered by the Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Armenia to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, by Turkey and Iraq to the west, and by the Persian Gulf, Oman, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south. The Zagros mountains, which run from the Iraqi border to the Persian Gulf coast, was formed as a result of a collision between the Arabian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The Arabian Plate is still moving at a rate of around 25 mm a year, and the accumulation of seismic energy caused by its collision with the i Eurasian plate produces frequent earthquakes in Iran. The capital, Tehran, experiences major earthquakes with an approximate 150-year cycle. Accordingly, there is a high interest in reducing earthquake risk. 2. Background and Outline of the Project Accordingly, the national government has laid out policies for goals such as enhancement of measures against natural disasters and strengthened research for earthquake risk mitigation through the expansion of earthquake observation networks in its laws and development plans. Against this background, seismic activity is monitored extensively on a nationwide basis, and earthquake-related research is actively carried out. -
Spatial Epidemiology of Rabies in Iran
Aus dem Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut eingereicht über den Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Spatial Epidemiology of Rabies in Iran Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Veterinärmedizin an der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Rouzbeh Bashar Tierarzt aus Teheran, Iran Berlin 2019 Journal-Nr.: 4015 'ĞĚƌƵĐŬƚŵŝƚ'ĞŶĞŚŵŝŐƵŶŐĚĞƐ&ĂĐŚďĞƌĞŝĐŚƐsĞƚĞƌŝŶćƌŵĞĚŝnjŝŶ ĚĞƌ&ƌĞŝĞŶhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚćƚĞƌůŝŶ ĞŬĂŶ͗ hŶŝǀ͘ͲWƌŽĨ͘ƌ͘:ƺƌŐĞŶĞŶƚĞŬ ƌƐƚĞƌ'ƵƚĂĐŚƚĞƌ͗ WƌŽĨ͘ƌ͘&ƌĂŶnj:͘ŽŶƌĂƚŚƐ ǁĞŝƚĞƌ'ƵƚĂĐŚƚĞƌ͗ hŶŝǀ͘ͲWƌŽĨ͘ƌ͘DĂƌĐƵƐŽŚĞƌƌ ƌŝƚƚĞƌ'ƵƚĂĐŚƚĞƌ͗ Wƌ͘<ĞƌƐƚŝŶŽƌĐŚĞƌƐ ĞƐŬƌŝƉƚŽƌĞŶ;ŶĂĐŚͲdŚĞƐĂƵƌƵƐͿ͗ ZĂďŝĞƐ͕DĂŶ͕ŶŝŵĂůƐ͕ŽŐƐ͕ƉŝĚĞŵŝŽůŽŐLJ͕ƌĂŝŶ͕/ŵŵƵŶŽĨůƵŽƌĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ͕/ƌĂŶ dĂŐĚĞƌWƌŽŵŽƚŝŽŶ͗Ϯϴ͘Ϭϯ͘ϮϬϭϵ ŝďůŝŽŐƌĂĨŝƐĐŚĞ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶĚĞƌĞƵƚƐĐŚĞŶEĂƚŝŽŶĂůďŝďůŝŽƚŚĞŬ ŝĞĞƵƚƐĐŚĞEĂƚŝŽŶĂůďŝďůŝŽƚŚĞŬǀĞƌnjĞŝĐŚŶĞƚĚŝĞƐĞWƵďůŝŬĂƚŝŽŶŝŶĚĞƌĞƵƚƐĐŚĞŶEĂƚŝŽŶĂůďŝͲ ďůŝŽŐƌĂĨŝĞ͖ ĚĞƚĂŝůůŝĞƌƚĞ ďŝďůŝŽŐƌĂĨŝƐĐŚĞ ĂƚĞŶ ƐŝŶĚ ŝŵ /ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ ƺďĞƌ фŚƚƚƉƐ͗ͬͬĚŶď͘ĚĞх ĂďƌƵĨďĂƌ͘ /^E͗ϵϳϴͲϯͲϴϲϯϴϳͲϵϳϮͲϯ ƵŐů͗͘ĞƌůŝŶ͕&ƌĞŝĞhŶŝǀ͕͘ŝƐƐ͕͘ϮϬϭϵ ŝƐƐĞƌƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕&ƌĞŝĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚćƚĞƌůŝŶ ϭϴϴ ŝĞƐĞƐtĞƌŬŝƐƚƵƌŚĞďĞƌƌĞĐŚƚůŝĐŚŐĞƐĐŚƺƚnjƚ͘ ůůĞ ZĞĐŚƚĞ͕ ĂƵĐŚ ĚŝĞ ĚĞƌ mďĞƌƐĞƚnjƵŶŐ͕ ĚĞƐ EĂĐŚĚƌƵĐŬĞƐ ƵŶĚ ĚĞƌ sĞƌǀŝĞůĨćůƚŝŐƵŶŐ ĚĞƐ ƵĐŚĞƐ͕ ŽĚĞƌ dĞŝůĞŶ ĚĂƌĂƵƐ͕ǀŽƌďĞŚĂůƚĞŶ͘<ĞŝŶdĞŝůĚĞƐtĞƌŬĞƐĚĂƌĨŽŚŶĞƐĐŚƌŝĨƚůŝĐŚĞ'ĞŶĞŚŵŝŐƵŶŐĚĞƐsĞƌůĂŐĞƐŝŶŝƌŐĞŶĚĞŝŶĞƌ&Žƌŵ ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵnjŝĞƌƚŽĚĞƌƵŶƚĞƌsĞƌǁĞŶĚƵŶŐĞůĞŬƚƌŽŶŝƐĐŚĞƌ^LJƐƚĞŵĞǀĞƌĂƌďĞŝƚĞƚ͕ǀĞƌǀŝĞůĨćůƚŝŐƚŽĚĞƌǀĞƌďƌĞŝƚĞƚǁĞƌĚĞŶ͘ ŝĞ tŝĞĚĞƌŐĂďĞ ǀŽŶ 'ĞďƌĂƵĐŚƐŶĂŵĞŶ͕ tĂƌĞŶďĞnjĞŝĐŚŶƵŶŐĞŶ͕ ƵƐǁ͘ ŝŶ ĚŝĞƐĞŵ tĞƌŬ ďĞƌĞĐŚƚŝŐƚ ĂƵĐŚ ŽŚŶĞ ďĞƐŽŶĚĞƌĞ <ĞŶŶnjĞŝĐŚŶƵŶŐ ŶŝĐŚƚ njƵ ĚĞƌ ŶŶĂŚŵĞ͕ ĚĂƐƐ ƐŽůĐŚĞ EĂŵĞŶ ŝŵ ^ŝŶŶĞ ĚĞƌ tĂƌĞŶnjĞŝĐŚĞŶͲ -
Potable Groundwater Analysis Using Multivariate Groundwater Quality Index Technique
Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage. 5(3): 357-370, Summer 2019 Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management (GJESM) Homepage: https://www.gjesm.net/ ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Potable groundwater analysis using multivariate Groundwater Quality Index technique I. Fayaji1, M.H. Sayadi1*, H. Mousazadeh2 1 Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources and Environment, Birjand, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran 2 Regional Water Company of South Khorasan, Birjand, Iran ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT In the current study, the qualitative status of potable well water was assessed Article History: Received 30 February 2019 using the groundwater quality index during a course of 4 years (2014-2017). Revised 15 May 2019 This study was carried out with an aim to monitor the drinking water resources Accepted 05 June June 2019 from 12 potable wells on the multivariate analysis basis and for determination of groundwater quality index, the following 13 physicochemical parameters including Keywords: electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, total hardness, potassium, fluoride, Groundwater Quality index bicarbonate, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, and nitrate were used. On the Hydrochemical basis of Piper diagram, the results revealed that the type and faces of samples were Potable water quality chloride-sodic and bicarbonate-sodic respectively. Groundwater quality index level Pollutant water in the potable well water of case study area was 42.89 to 56.58 and zone water was World Health Organization (WHO) in the good and medium range. Besides, 66.7% of the wells were in the good range and 33.3% of wells were in the medium range of water quality index. In this study, potassium and fluoride level in all the zone wells was lower than the ideal level and the electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium, magnesium and sulphate in all the wells was higher than the ideal range for drinking purposes. -
Mechanical Modelling of Oblique Convergence in the Zagros, Iran
Geophys. J. Int. (2006) 165, 991–1002 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02900.x Mechanical modelling of oblique convergence in the Zagros, Iran ∗ Philippe Vernant and Jean Ch´ery Laboratoire Dynamique de la Lithosph`ere, CNRS-Universit´e de Montpellier II, CC 060, place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France. E-mail: [email protected] 2.fr Accepted 2006 January 7. Received 2005 October 28; in original form 2005 October 28 SUMMARY Recent GPS surveys indicate that the Zagros kinematics corresponds to an oblique convergence between a rigid central Iranian plateau and the Arabian plate at ∼7mmyr−1 at the longitude of the Persian Gulf. Convergence is almost frontal in the SE Zagros and oblique (45◦)inthe NW part of the range. It has been proposed that internal deformation of the NW Zagros occurs in a partitioned mode. In such a view, the Main Recent Fault (MRF) bordering the Iranian plateau accommodates all the tangential motion, while shortening happens by pure thrusting within the fold and thrust belt as suggested by the focal mechanisms within the range. We use a 2.5-D mechanical finite element model of the Zagros to understand the influence on the Zagros deformation of (1) the obliquity of convergence, (2) the rheological layering of the lithosphere (strong upper crust, weak lower crust, strong or weak uppermost mantle) and (3) a possible weakness of the MRF. Surprisingly, a fully partitioned mode occurs only when the collision is very oblique. In the case of the NW Zagros, we find that the MRF can accommodate only ∼25 per cent of the whole tangential motion. -
Arachnida: Araneae)
Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics (IJAB) Vol. 1, No. 1, 59-66, 2005 ISSN: 1735-434X Faunistic study of spiders in Khorasan Province, Iran (Arachnida: Araneae) OMID MIRSHAMSI KAKHKI* Zoology Museum, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IRAN The spiders of Iran are still very incompletely known. As a result of the study of spider fauna in different localities of Khorasan Province and other studies which have been done by other workers a total of 26 families, 63 genera and 95 species are recorded from these areas. Distribution in Khorasan Province and in the world, field and some taxonomic notes are given for each species. Available biological or ecological data are provided. Key Words: Araneae, spider fauna, Khorasan, Iran INTRODUCTION The order Araneae ranks seventh in global diversity after the five insect orders (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera) and Acarina among the Arachnids in terms of species described (Coddington and Levi, 1991). Because spiders are not studied thoroughly estimation of total diversity is very difficult. On the basis of records, the faunas of Western Europe, especially England, and Japan are completely known, and areas such as South America, Africa, the pacific region and the Middle East are very poorly known (Coddington and Levi, 1991). Platnick in his World Spider Catalog (2005) has estimated that there are about 38000 species worldwide, arranged in 110 families. Despite this diversity among spiders, limited studies could be found in literature on spider fauna of Iran. Indeed, taxonomic and faunistic studies on spiders of Iran have begun during the last 10 years. Before that our knowledge of Iranian spiders was limited to the studies of some foreign authors such as Roewer (1955); Levi (1959); Kraus & Kraus (1989); Brignoli (1970, 72, 80, 81); Senglet (1974); Wunderlich (1995); Levy & Amitai (1982); Logunov (1999,2001,2004); Logunov et al (1999, 2002); Saaristo et al(1996) . -
Insights Into the Aftershocks and Inter-Seismicity for Some Large Persian Earthquakes
Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 26(1): 35 - 48 (2015) http://jsciences.ut.ac.ir University of Tehran, ISSN 1016-1104 Insights into the Aftershocks and Inter-Seismicity for Some Large Persian Earthquakes M. Nemati* Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman City, Islamic Republic of Iran Earthquake Research Center, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman City, Islamic Republic of Iran Received: 8 July 2014 / Revised: 23 September 2014 / Accepted: 14 December 2014 Abstract This paper focuses on aftershocks behavior and seismicity along some co-seismic faults for large earthquakes in Iran. The data of aftershocks and seismicity roughly extracted from both the Institute of Geophysics the University of Tehran (IGUT) and International Seismological Center (ISC) catalogs. Apply some essential methods on 43 large earthquakes data; like the depth, magnitude as well as the aftershock data; resulted knowledge about some relations between earthquake characteristics. We found ~16.5km for deep seated co-seismic fault length for the 2005 Dahouieh Zarand earthquake (MW 6.4) considering the dimension of the main cluster of aftershocks. Moreover, a slightly decrease in aftershocks activity was observed with increase in depth of the mainshocks for some Iranian earthquakes. Also the clustered aftershocks for the 1997 Zirkuh-e Qaen earthquake (MW 7.1) showed a clear decrease in maximum magnitude of the aftershocks per day elapsed from mainshock. Finally, we could explore an anti-correlation between aftershocks distribution and post microseismicity along co-seismic faults for both Dahouieh and Qaen earthquakes. Keywords: Aftershock; Mainshock; Magnitude; Seismicity and Persia. mainshock hypocenter immediately after the Introduction earthquake occurrence. -
Sefid Sang Earthquake Measuring 6 on the Richter Scale in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, 2017: Challenges and Operations
Sefid Sang Measuring 6 on the Richter Scale in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, 2017: Challenges and Operations Mehrab Sharifi Sedeh1,2 , Navvab Shamspour2,3 , Aliasghar Hodaee2,4 , Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh2,4,5,6 , Hossein Sharifara2 Date of submission: 19 Jul. 2020 Date of acceptance: 26 Sep. 2020 Original Article Abstract INTRODUCTION: The present article aimed to study field observations of the 2017 Sefid Sang earthquake, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, measuring 6 on the Richter scale with the approach of assessing the behaviors and performing a short analysis on the rescue and relief operations. METHODS: This qualitative study has followed the conceptual analysis approach to research. The sample population was selected with purposive sampling technique from the affected villages of Brashak, Karghash Olya, Drakht Bid, Kelate Menar, Kelate Hajikar, Kharzar, and Chah Mazar to study the behavior and knowledge of the affected people. A goal-based sampling was also applied among the operational managers who were directly engaged in the relief and rescue operations. This research benefited the focus group’s viewpoints. The necessary data were gathered from the answers given to the open questions. The process of research data analysis was in the light of phases proposed by Granheim and Lanman. FINDINGS: The results of this study showed that the disaster preparedness index coefficient among the residents of affected and surrounding villages was low which seriously required enhancement. It was also found out the affected people lacked necessary awareness about general training on the subject of disaster resiliency. Although Red Crescent’s role of disaster response in the context of implementation had been effective, it was found that its other roles of advocacy and support could be more effective than its implementation role.