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Forest Insects of Australia

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Forest Insects of Australia W!fv,v^!(nii'ijii,iiiii\p* i|i>;,. itfvi iili iitilllti^UuillltuillilliliMlhllti>!»;iW.'fi-V. cr\ l>.:*^*JM n/f/ ">'' Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from NCSU Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/forestinsectsofaOOfrog . Frontispiece Moths. 1. Cliaraijd splendeas (malp). 3. ChanKja liijirimra (male) , dark variet.y (female). la. ,, ,, (female). 3a. ,, „ variety (female . 2. Charaga exiinwt (male). 3b „ ,, , i;reen rubiijiiKisa (male) •2a. ,, „ (female). 4. Cxdama Forest Insects OF Australia. WALTER W. FROGGATT, F.L.S., Government Entomologist, New South Wales. Member of the Linnean Society of London, The Association of Economic Entomologists of U. S. America, Correspond- ing Member Entomologiska Foreningen of Stockholm, Vice-President of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Vice-President of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Vice-President of the Wild Life Preservation Society, Vice-President of the Gould League of Bird Lovers, Vice-President of the Field Naturalists' Society, ' President Wattle Day League. Illustrated with two coloured plates, 44 full plates, and 33 text blocks. PRICE 7s. 6d. Published under the direction of the Forestry Commissioners of New South Wales. Wholly set up and printed ni Australia by Alfred James Kent, Government Printer, Phillip Street, Sydney, N.S.W.— 1923. ^^ .t PREFACE. As a worker in the field of Entomology, Mr. Walter W. P^-oggatt needs no introduction, and his compilation of this little volume on the " Forest Insects of Australia " is not the least valuable of his contributions to Science during the past thirty years. In this work will be found a fund of information regarding white ants, timber borers, and foi'est in.sect pests, which is of both practical and scientific value, and embodjung, as it does, the results of many years' careful investigation, it may be accepted as a text and reference book of value by those interested in Forestry, Architecture, or industries in which wood as a material is employed. The extent of injury done to timber by insect pests is hardly realised, and if the economic loss could be estimated, it would arouse the public mind from its apathy in regard to both the introduction of borer and other pests from abroad, and to the urgent need for protective and remedial measures. The mattei- is one which demands the serious attention of our legislators, and, in writing this introduction, it is in the hope that this publicaticm may serve to throw light upon it, and to materially assist in its better con.sideration. W. E. WEARNE, Alinistei- for Forests. a09'5J ^ Oye CONTENTS. PAGE. ixTRdnUCTION 1 Chapter— I. Plant Galls. The Eeouomic Value of Birds in Forests. Insects generally in their relation to forest trees II. Termitid:e— »Vhite Ants. Their Life Histor3\ Preventatives and methods of dealing with White Ants. White Ants attacking Australian Railway Sleepers in India. Notes from " Indian Forester " 14 III. Wood-boring beetles that damage timber trees, chiefly hardwood. The Powder-post Beetle. Parasite of the Powder-post Beetle. The Shot-hole Borer. The Anobium or furniture beetle. Beetle borers in pine floors. The introduction of foreign species of borers with imported timber 24 IV. Insects of the Eucalyptus. Tiie yellow longicoras. Beetle parasites, hynienopterous parasites Wood moths. Foliage moths. Scale insects ... 35 V. Insects attacking various species of Eucalj'ptus, some more than one species ... VI. Stick Insects, moths, sawflies, and homopterous insects on Eucalyptus 57 VII. Insects of tli£ Sugar Gum 76 ^'III. Insects of the Kurrajongs SI IX. In.sect'5 of the Rumlile Tree or Wild Pomegranite (Cttp/xirJx vit/chflli) ... 89 X. Insects of the Wild Lime (.4//«»^«( ry/rt//(77) ... 96 XL Insects of the Wattles 104 XII. Longicorn beetles of tlie Wattles. Other Wattle beetles 111 XIII. Lepidoptera of the Wattles... 120 XIV. Other in.sects of the Wattle U2 XV. Insects of the Red Cedar... l8-> XVI. Insects of the Fig Trees ... 141 XVII. Insects of Casuarinas 148 XVIII. Insects of the Banksias ... 150 XIX, Insects of the Pinu-^ in-'^itjiiiA I.j-i XX. Insects of the Cypress Pines 159 XXI. Insects of the Kauri Pines 164 COLOURED PLATES. Coloured Plate (1)— Wood Moths FRONTISPIECE. 1. Charaf/a fiphnden>< (iiicile) la. ,, ,, (female) 2. ClKd'aija cximits (male) 2a. ,, ,, (female) 3. Chfirai/rt h'</nivora (male) 4a. ,, ,, Dark variety (female) 3b. ,, ,, Green variety (female) 4. CnJiinm nibij/iiiom (male). Gont motli Coloured Plate (2) -Lerp Scales on Euoalypts. Family Psyllidw FAf'ING TAfiK () 1. Caidi((-:pis Itrun'fitx (Froggatt). 2. ,, tclrix (Froggatt). 3. ,, spiniferufi, n.sp. 4. LufiiopsyJIn rotundipenni^ (Froggatt). 5. ,, fitriatufi, n.sp. 6. ,, ffilratux, n.sp. 7. Rliinocola perinffjormis (Froggatt). 8. Spomlij/anpis munnnfera (Froggatt). 9. Rhinorola rnstnttis, n.sp. 10. ,, /iV/(n(/a (Froggatt). 11 PennapsyUa afha, n.sp. 12. Rhiiwrnhi mollis, n sp. 13. Cirrdiayrix urtiffx (Swartz) 14. Sj/ondi//aspis eucalypti (Dolison). lo. ,, rtibra, n.sp. IG. Cruras longipennis (Froggatt). 17. Euralyptolyma muideni (Pvogg&ti) 18. Laniopsylla ptlludda, n.sp. 19. Rhinocola nigra, n.sp. 20. ., cornictilatus (Froggatt). 21. Cardiaspis plicatuloidts (Froggatt). LIST OF PLATES. 1. Insect Galls. Two cocciJ and one dipterous ... ... ... ... ... .5 2. Dead trunk of /*/»».•* »??.v»';/)(7'.s, showing pupa cases of Pine weevil ... ... ]1 3. Life history, Common Wiiite Ant (C(i/>/o<fr»ie.s ^rt(ye?(,«, Froggatt) ... 16 4. Head of worker and soldier and wing of male {Cojdoterriu-^ lrc:teu.=:) ... ... 17 7. The Shot-hole Borer {/"/^'^yy)".? om?«!Wi(.s, Lea). ... ... ... ... 29 8. Anobium I'eetle Borer (^l«o6j?t>rt pi(?if^«<H??i) ... ... ... ... ... 31 9. Yellow Longioorn Beetles {Phornrnntha recurva and Copfoccrcus lubripes ... 37 Life history of 5e<Ae^tHm mi(/ir/r( ... ... ... 37 10. Life history of C'lerid parasite of Longioorn (Trogodfiniji-oufascindalvm) ... 39 11. Bracon id parasites of Longioorn (//>/( /a w/rT.r r((/)r?c (7J.S and /. P/iorarx Ihi' ... 41 ]'2. (.iia,nt Wood '^]ijih {Zfuzerii muc/cnj/i, ^cijit). Male ... ... ... ... 44 13. ,1 ,, ,, ,, Female ... ... ... ... 45 14. Leaf-rolling Moths ' 49 15. Eight Eucalyptus Longicorn Beetles ... ... ... ... ... ... 53 " " 16. Gregarious Phasma or Ringbarker (Pof/oc'««^A?/,s Wilklnaoni, Macl.) ... 58 17. Bent-wing Wood Moth (/>t<o -SV acey?', Sjott) 60 18. White-gum Moth (C7itfe^y<erya; co^^est, Gray) ... ... ... ... 64 19. Life history, White-gum Moth (C/te'e/y^eryx c-o//t.s/, (Jray) ... ... 65 2). Seedling-gum Moth (A"o/(c me<a//ci/>") ... ... ... ... ... ... 67 1\. The steel-blue Saw Fly (A/v/f« (^Zor.'<a//s, Lamb) ... 70 •12. White Lace Lerp (Crtrrf«o.!<jt>w tvVto/bj-mj's, Froggatt) 75 •23. White-ribbed Case Moth ( rA^m/o/j^ery.r /t'rncA /), AVuston .. 77 •24. Stem of CVip;7«^(.s nu7fA(r//« showing moth damage ... ... ... ... 90 25. Bumble Tree Moth (.S7///Vo^('^>/.y fff/cz/o/-, Turner) ... ... ... ... 91 •26. Common White Butterfly (/jWcmoj-s /ai'«, Sparrman) 93 27. Painted Capparis Bug (5/er!0-//yH??t /ycr.so«i;c<«»() ... ... ... ... ... 95 "28. Native Lime Stem, damaged by longicorn ((.'*Vr«y//('/.'/(t Hi/.rt'i) 100 •29. Life history, Native Lime Borer (C'iVW/>/i(f;/'? m«.Tto) 101 30. ,, Green-spined Oninge Bug {Biproru/us hilin.r) ... ... ... U>3 31. Wattle Beetles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 105 •>2. „ „ 113 33. Wattle Butterflies and Scale Insects ... ... ... ... ... ... 121 34. Wattle <ioat Moth (ZeH,ter'« e«'r(/yyy,() and larva ... ... ... 1'23, 1"24 35. Cherry-tree Borer (Cr(/yy^o/j//(/[/a K//7v('?iC/a^«. Dun. ) ... ... ... ... \-2ft 36. Boree or Bag Shelter Moth (T'eam fo«^ranV(, Walk) ... l'J9 37. Red Cedar Moth (A>Krw(.v ^fTc^/'^/^.y, Olilt) 136 38. Buff-coloured Fig Longioorn (J/o«o/(a»4mM.s./''.-i)!«/r//o>-, Mont rouz) 143 39. Fig-branch Borer (/f(//esf//H.«i/r-), Lea) ... 14,i 40. Fig- leaf Psyl (i)///co7«y/r( /ci, Tryon) 147 41. Banksia Longicorn (P'O-o/V/Ve-s r/^^sAj-rj^N, Erich) .. 151 42. Pine-tree Weevil (J?.'</o/e« /eMC/>r;/.s, Paso. ) ... ... ... ... 153 43. Painted Acacia Moth (7'eiacm«r/oic?e.'<) ... 156 44. Common Pine Aphis (C//er7ne.sy>mi, Koch) J58 Text Blocks - Forest Insects of Australia. PAGE. 1. Mound nest of the Common White Ant [Cnplolcrmfs /ar/i'ii.-i, Froggatt) ... 14 2. ,, witli side cut down, sliowing the structure ... ... ... 14 3 The Powder-post Beetle {Lycliix linnimwi Steph.), and damaged wood ... 25 4. Braconid parasite ot Powder-])ost Beetle ... ... ... ... ... ... -6 5. White Egg Scale {Eriococcus conacew^), immature female scales ... ... 51 6. ,, ,, ,, ,, full grown ,, 51 7. Lewin's Processional Caterpillar Moth (0'//"uv/ /fj/v'/Kf) ... ... ... 62 8. The Ironbark Saw-fly damaging foliage ... ... ... ... 71 9. LarviB of the Ironbark Saw-flies massed at base of trunk ... ... ... 72 10. The Ironbark Saw-fly (P/er//r/o/)/)orH-s 'r»f^/!.s) ... 73 11 Motl\ed Cup ^loth {Dornfiferandiiemiix, Lewin) .. 79 12. Mimic Bark Weevil {^4 a;io/fK«* m.y('(/Mi.'>, Pasc.) ... ... ... ... ... 81 13. Kurrajong Seed Weevil (T'e/ji^^e/v'd stoTHZ/tc, Lea ... ... ... ... Hi 14. ,, Leaf-roller Moth (iVotort'/ia c?2/<fi^t«, Walker) ... 83 15. Leiii nesi oilnrvm oi yotarcha di/tiiUs 84 16. The Star Psylla (Tj/orr^ .sYe/rw^/d, Froggatt) ... _ 85 17. The Twig Psylla (/%//« .v/e/r(t?i(e, Froggitt) ... • 86 IS. Thickset Chalcid Wasp (Demi'owo/i'frrt.r .7a//c•o/'^ Ashm.) 87 19. Long-tailed Chalcid Wasp (Mrij(t'<ti(jmux hrdrhijchitoin, Froggatt) ... ... 88 20. Greeu-striped Chalcid Wasp (Co'/or^/(rf ri//V///i«/'rf^<, Frogjjatt) ... ... 88 21. Branch of Native Lime showing leafless twigs ... ... ... ... ... 97 22. ,, ,, ,, second stage of growth ... ... 98 23. Trees damaged by the Boree or Bag-shelter Moth (Teara conlntrm) ... ... P27 24. Brown Berry Scale (Cri/pte.s hacca/nin, Mask ).
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