Chemistry Problem Solving Drill

Human Anatomy - Problem Drill 07: The Skeletal System - Appendicular Skeleton

Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 1. Which of the following statements about the appendicular system is correct?

(A) The appendicular system is one of three major divisions of the human skeletal system. (B) The hip bones and the coccyx are part of the appendicular skeleton. (C) The bones of the wrist are not part of the appendicular skeleton. (D) The appendicular skeleton is the only division of the skeletal system that Question #01 contains phalange bones. (E) None of the answers are correct.

A. Incorrect! The appendicular skeleton is one of two major divisions of the human skeletal system, along with the axial skeleton.

B. Incorrect! The hip bones are part of the appendicular skeleton; however, the coccyx is part of the axial skeleton.

C. Incorrect! The bones of the wrist are part of the appendicular skeleton.

Feedback D. Correct! The phalange bones are in the hand and foot, both of which are part of the appendicular skeleton.

E. Incorrect! One of the answers is correct.

The human skeletal system is divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The appendicular skeleton facilitates human movements, such as walking and sitting down. The appendicular skeleton is made up of supports, known as the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and the bones of the upper and lower extremities.

(D)The appendicular skeleton is the only division of the skeletal system that contains phalange bones.

Solution

RapidLearningCenter.com  Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 2 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 2. Which of the following statements about the bone labeled in the image below is correct?

Question #02 (A) The bone labeled in the image is part of the upper extremity or limb. (B) The bone labeled in the image has two major processes: coracoid process and the acromion. (C) The clavicle is the bone labelled in the image. (D) This bone is one of four bones in the pectoral girdle. (E) This bone articulates with the manubrium.

A. Incorrect! The bone labeled in the image is the scapula bone, which is part of the pectoral girdle.

B. Correct! The scapula is labeled in the image, and it does have two major processes: coracoids process and the acromion. C. Incorrect! The bone labeled in the image is the scapula, which articulates with the clavicle Feedback bone. D. Incorrect! The scapula is one of two bones that make up the pectoral girdle. E. Incorrect! The scapula articulates with the clavicle and the head of the humerus.

The pectoral girdle is made up of the scapula and the clavicle. The pectoral girdle is the articulation point between the upper arm and the chest. The clavicle extends Solution from the scapula to the manubrium portion of the sternum. The scapula, or shoulder blade, is attached to the clavicle, but it has no direct connection with the axial skeleton. The scapula is a roughly triangular, flat bone that makes up the posterior portion of the pectoral girdle. The scapula has three sides that form its triangular shape: the superior border, the medial border, and the lateral border. The glenoid cavity, or glenoid fossa, articulates with the humerus to make the shoulder joint.

(B)The bone labeled in the image has two major processes: coracoid process and the acromion.

Question No. 3 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 3. The clavicle is part of the pectoral girdle. This bone is located across the top of the ribcage and it articulates with two bones. Which of the following statements about the clavicle is correct?

(A) The clavicle articulates with the body of the sternum at the anterior midline of the ribcage. (B) The clavicle is a long, straight bone located just under the skin. (C) At the acromial end of the clavicle, there are tubercles for the attachment of Question #03 ligaments and muscles. (D) The clavicle articulates with the first thoracic vertebra on its anterior surface. (E) The clavicle connects the pectoral girdle to the appendicular skeleton.

A. Incorrect! The clavicle articulates with the manubrium portion of the sternum.

B. Incorrect! The clavicle is roughly S-shaped.

C. Correct! The tubercles at the acromial end of the clavicle are attachment sites for ligaments and muscles.

Feedback D. Incorrect! The clavicle articulates with the scapula and the manubrium portion of the sternum.

E. Incorrect! The clavicle is part of the appendicular skeleton and it connects the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton.

The clavicle bone braces the shoulder and connects the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton. The two clavicles support the weight of the arm, and they articulate with the acromion of the scapula. The clavicles originate at the lateral border of the manubrium portion of the sternum bone. The sternal end of the clavicle gives rise to the somewhat S-shape of the clavicle bone. The clavicle is located just under the skin, and the acromial end has tubercles that are the attachment sites for ligaments and muscles. At the sternal end of the clavicle is the costal tuberosity, which is an attachment site for ligaments of the shoulder. Solution (C)At the acromial end of the clavicle, there are tubercles for the attachment of ligaments and muscles.

RapidLearningCenter.com  Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 4 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 4. Which of the following statements about the labeled portion of the humerus in the image below is correct?

Question #04 (A) This portion of the bone is where the humerus articulates with the head of the radius bone. (B) The trochlea is the portion of the humerus labelled in the image. (C) This articulation is located at the proximal end of the humerus. (D) The greater tubercle is labeled in the image. (E) This portion of the humerus articulates with the scapula. A. Correct! The arrow is pointing to the capitulum of the condyle, where it articulates with the head of the radius bone. B. Incorrect! The labelled portion is the capitulum; the trochlea is the lateral portion of the condyle. C. Incorrect! The articulation is located at the distal end of the humerus. Feedback D. Incorrect! The greater tubercle is located at the proximal end, near the head of the humerus. E. Incorrect! The labelled portion of the humerus articulates with the radius bone.

Solution

At the distal end of the humerus is the condyle, which is divided into two regions: trochlea and the capitulum. The condyle of the humerus and the proximal portion of the ulna and the radius bones form the elbow joint. The elbow joint includes two portions: the humeroulnar joint and the humeroradial joint. The trochlea is the medial portion of the condyle that articulates with the ulna bone of the forearm. The capitulum portion of the condyle is where the humerus articulates with the head of the radius bone of the forearm.

RapidLearningCenter.com  Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 5 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 5. A 25-year-old man is injured in a car accident. The emergency physician tells the man that he had fractured the proximal region of his right ulna bone. Based on this information, which of the following is correct?

(A) The ulnar styloid process is close to the fracture. (B) The fracture could be in the olecranon of the ulna. (C) The fracture in this patient’s right arm will disrupt the distal radioulnar joint. Question #05 (D) The fracture will impact the articulation with the carpal bones. (E) The injury in this patient will not impact the proximal radioulnar joint because it is on the opposite end of the bone.

A. Incorrect! The ulnar styloid process is at the opposite (distal) end of the bone.

B. Correct! The olecranon is at the proximal end of the humerus where the fracture took place.

C. Incorrect! The fracture would not disrupt the distal radioulnar joint but, instead, the proximal radioulnar joint.

Feedback D. Incorrect! The fracture would impact the articulation with the humerus bone.

E. Incorrect! The injury could impact the proximal radioulnar joint, as it is located at the proximal end of the bone.

The ulna is the second bone of the forearm; it lies medial to the radius, on the little finger side of the forearm. At the proximal end of the ulna bone is the olecranon process. This forms the point of the elbow and is the superior and posterior portion of the proximal epiphysis. On its anterior surface, the trochlear notch interlocks with the trochlea of the humerus. The ulna bone is roughly a triangle in cross-section and, along the shaft, is a fibrous sheet, known as the antebrachial interosseus membrane. This fibrous sheet connects the ulna to the radius. At the distal end of the ulna is the ulnar head with a styloid process on the posterior margin. A cartilage attached to this process isolates the ulnar head from the wrist bones.

(B)The fracture could be in the olecranon of the ulna. Solution

RapidLearningCenter.com  Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 6 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 6. The carpus is made up of a number of small bones. These bones articulate with themselves and the radius and ulnar bones of the forearm. Which of the following statements about the carpal bones is correct?

(A) The 8 carpal bones are arranged in two rows of 4: proximal row and distal row. (B) The capitate bone articulates with the 1st metacarpal bone. (C) The trapezium bone articulates with the anterior surface of the triquetrum Question #06 bone. (D) All 6 of the carpal bones are located between the distal radius and ulna and the metacarpal bones. (E) The trapezium bone is in the most lateral position of the proximal row. A. Correct! There are 8 carpal bones that are arranged 4 in each of the proximal and distal rows. B. Inorrect! The capitates bone articulates with the 3rd metacarpal bone.

C. Incorrect! The trapezium bone articulates with the trapezoid and scaphoid bones.

Feedback D. Incorrect! There are 8 carpal bones.

E. Incorrect! The trapezium bone is in the most medial position of the distal row of carpal bones.

The carpus, or wrist, is made up of a total of 8 bones. The bones form two rows, the four proximal bones and the four distal bones. The bones in the proximal row are the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and the pisiform. The carpal bones in the distal row are the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and the hamate. The location of the first row of bones are: (1) the scaphoid bone, located at the lateral border of the wrist, (2) the lunate, medial to the scaphoid and it articulates with the radius, (3) the triquetrum, medial to the lunate bone and it articulates with the cartilage between it and the ulnar head, and the (4) pisiform, which lies anterior to the triquetrum bone and extends the farthest in the medial direction. The positions of the carpal bones in the distal row are: (1) the trapezium bone is lateral and forms an articulation with the scaphoid, (2) the trapezoid bone is medial to the trapezium and it is the smallest bone in this row. This bone has an articulation with the scaphoid bone, (3) the capitate bone, which is the largest carpal bone located between the trapezoid and the hamate bone, and the (4) hamate bone, which is the medial distal carpal bone. Solution

(A)The 8 carpal bones are arranged in two rows of 4: proximal row and distal row.

RapidLearningCenter.com  Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 7 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 7. The pelvis protects the organs of the reproductive tract and some of the organs in the digestive tract. Which statement about the pelvis is correct?

(A) The pelvis is made up of the left and right hip or coxal bones. (B) There are a total of three bones in the pelvis. (C) The coccyx is part of the pelvis but not the pelvic girdle. Question #07 (D) The greater (false) pelvis is located between the pubis and the ischium. (E) There are no differences between the male and female pelvis.

A. Incorrect! The pelvis includes the two hip bones and the sacrum and coccyx.

B. Incorrect! There are a total of four bones in the pelvis: two hip bones, sacrum and coccyx.

C. Correct! The coccyx is part of the pelvis but not the pelvic girdle.

D. Incorrect! Feedback The greater (false) pelvis is located between the wings of the ilium bones.

E. Incorrect! The pelvis in females contains a larger pelvic outlet and less curvature of the sacrum.

The pelvis is made up of the two hip bones and the sacrum and coccyx of the spinal column. The anterior portion of the pelvis is made up of the hip bones, and the posterior portion is made up of the sacrum and coccyx. The sacrum is attached to the hip bones with ligaments which stabilize the pelvis. Anatomically, the pelvis can be divided into the greater (false) pelvis, including the wings of the ilium bones, and contains the organs in the inferior portion of the abdominal cavity; and the lesser (true) pelvis, which is made up from the pubic symphysis, superior rami of the pube bones and in the posterior by the sacrum and coccyx. Some of the differences in the female pelvis are: an enlarged pelvic outlet, less curvature of the sacrum, and a broad, low pelvis.

(C)The coccyx is part of the pelvis but not the pelvic girdle. Solution

RapidLearningCenter.com  Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 8 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 8. A 61-year-old male suffers a knee (patella) injury from a fall on a hard surface. The injury causes the patellar ligament to become separated from the patella. Based on this information, which of the following is correct?

(A) The injury would affect the normal tracking of the knee in the groove of the fibula bone. (B) The injury could lead to a displacement of the patella in the direction of the femur bone, to which the patellar ligament attaches. (C) The injury took place on the broad base of the patella where the patellar ligament attaches. Question #08 (D) The patellar ligament is attached to the tibial tuberosity. (E) There would be no impact of this injury on the function of the knee joint or patella, as the quadriceps tendon overlaps the patellar ligament and is attached to the apex of the patella.

A. Incorrect! The patella tracks in a groove in the distal femur.

B. Incorrect! The patellar ligament is attached to the tibial tuberosity of the tibia bone, not the femur.

C. Incorrect! The patellar ligament is attached to the lower apex of the patella.

Feedback D. Correct! The patellar ligament is attached to the tibial tuberosity, in addition to the lower apex of the patella.

E. Incorrect! The quadriceps tendon is attached towards the base of the patella.

The patella, or kneecap, is a large sesamoid bone that articulates with the femur and glides over the anterior articular surface of the femur at the knee joint. The anterior and posterior surfaces of the patella are joined laterally by a thinner margin on the outside that thickens towards the middle of the bone. The patella forms within the quadriceps tendon. The upper portion of the bone has a broad, roughened surface for the attachment of the quadriceps tendon. Towards the lower apex of the bone is the attachment point for the patellar ligament.

(D)The patellar ligament is attached to the tibial tuberosity.

Solution

RapidLearningCenter.com  Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 9 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 9. Which of the following statements is correct about the bone labelled with the arrow in the image below?

Question #09

(A) This bone is not involved in the knee joint. (B) There is a lateral malleolus at the proximal end of this bone. (C) The arrow is pointing to the tibia bone of the lower leg. (D) This bone is the medial bone of the lower leg. (E) There are no articulations between this bone and the adjacent bone.

A. Correct! The fibula bone is not involved in the knee joint. B. Incorrect! The lateral malleolus is located at the distal end of the fibula.

C. Incorrect! The arrow is pointing to the fibula bone of the lower leg. D. Incorrect! Feedback The fibula bone is the lateral bone of the lower leg. E. Incorrect! The fibula articulates with the tibia bone at both the proximal and distal ends of the bones.

The fibula, or calf bone, is on the lateral side of the tibia. The fibula bone articulates with the tibia bone at both ends. The proximal articulation is between the fibular head and the inferior and posterior surface of the lateral tibial condyle. The distal articulation is between the lateral malleolus of the fibula and the distal, lateral surface of the tibia. The fibula bone and the tibia bone are connected through a collagenous sheet that connects the tibia to the medial margin of the fibula bone. The fibula is not involved in the knee joint, but it does contribute to the stability of the ankle joint. At the distal end of the bone, the lateral malleolus prevents the tibia bone from sliding across the surface of the talus bone. Solution (A) This bone is not involved in the knee joint.

RapidLearningCenter.com  Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 10 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 10. The tarsus, or ankle, is made up of 7 bones. These bones function to support the body and distribute the body weight. Which of the following statements is correct about the tarsal bones?

(A) The calcaneus bone is the largest tarsal bone. (B) The three cuneiform bones articulate with the talus bone. (C) The cuboid bone articulates with the first 3 metatarsal bones. Question #10 (D) The navicular bone forms the heel of the foot. (E) All of the bones in the ankle articulate with the tibia bone of the lower leg.

A. Correct! The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone.

B. Incorrect! The three cuneiform bone of the ankle articulate with navicular bone.

C. Incorrect! The cuboid bone articulates with the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones.

Feedback D. Incorrect! The calcaneus bone forms the heel of the foot.

E. Incorrect! The talus bone of the ankle articulates with the tibia bone of the lower leg.

The tarsus, or ankle, is made up of the talus bone, calcaneus bone, cuboid bone, navicular bone and the three cuneiform bones. The following is a description of each bone: (1) Talus – is the second largest bone in the ankle next to the calcaneus. This bone transmits the weight of the body through the foot towards the toes. It articulates with the tibia and the fibula at the trochlea of the talus, the lateral malleolus of the fibula, and the medial malleolus of the tibia. It also articulates with the deeper calcaneus bone of the ankle. (2) Calcaneus – is the largest tarsal bone that makes up the heel of the foot. The majority of the body weight in a standing position passes through this bone into the ground. The posterior surface has an attachment point for the calcanean tendon (achilles tendon), which is attached to the calf muscles, (3) Cuboid – articulates with the calcaneus bone on the anterolateral surface, (4) Navicular – is located on the medial side of the ankle, articulates with the anterior surface of the talus and the three cuneiform bones, and (5) Cuneiform bones – are wedge-shaped bones in a row, known as the medial, Solution intermediate and lateral cuneiform bones. They are located between the navicular and the first three metatarsal bones. These bones articulate with the navicular bone and, along with the cuboid, the metatarsal bones.

(A)The calcaneus bone is the largest tarsal bone.