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© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. mountains duringtheentire year. Travel ishard. very rocky. Iceandsnow coverthetopsof . Inthisarea,themountainsaresteepand along thesemountains,liesthemoderncountryof than 20,000feethigh. This mountainrangehasmanypeaksthataremore harsh environment—the Zapotec peoples.Thesecivilizationsgrewinavery Americas fartothesouthofOlmecand Other interestingcivilizationsaroseinthe unlikely foracivilization toarise? W (pages 246–249) Societies AriseintheAndes Na BEFORE YOU READ BEFORE YOU the Andes Early Civilizationsof AS YOU READ AS YOU CHAPTER 9 T . he me hat To Chavinculturebegantoflourishin tions oftheAndes. Use thetimelinebelowtotakenotesonearlyciviliza- Andes. In thissection,youwillread aboutthecivilizationsof civilizations. In thelastsection,youread aboutthefirstMesoamerican ward thenorthernpartofSouthAmerica, ______Date Date ______geographic factors madeit geographic factors 900 B Section 3 . C . Andes 200 ( pages 246–249) in SouthAmerica. B . C . A . D .100 C the centerofapoliticalempire butwasthechief Chavín. Scientiststhinkthat themainsitewasnot are theartstylesandsymbolsofreligionfoundat the northandsouthofthissite.Attheseothersites the Chavínculturehelpedshapeotherculturesto the firstinfluentialcivilizationinSouthAmerica. its heightfrom900 madeofearth.TheChavínculturewasat have foundpyramids,openspaces,andlarge de Hwintar, intheAndes.Atthissite,researchers Chavín. Ittakesitsnamefromamajorruin,Chavín a newcivilizationarose.Thatcultureiscalled ing thedaytobittercoldatnight.Thesoilispoor. HAPTER Scientists havefoundobjectsthatsuggest The climatechangesquicklyfrombeinghotdur- It wasinthemountainsofthisdifficultlandthat 9T A . D . 600 HE around the northerncoastofPerufrom Moche around 900 South America,whichflourishedfrom Chavín TERMS ANDNAMES around 200 the southerncoastofPerufrom A MERICAS B . C Culture thatflourishedalong A . First influentialculturein Culture thatflourishedalong . to 200 D . B B 100 to : AS . . C C .to .to A B EPARATE A 200 . A D . . .700 . C D D . . . B 600 700 It isconsidered . C . W ORLD 87 wh10a-RSG-0209_P6 11/13/200311:32AMPage88 only fromhighintheair. Someexpertsthinkthat are solargethattheycanbeseenandappreciated der, somebirds,andothercreatures.Thepictures rocky plain.Thedrawingsincludeamonkey, aspi- They arehugepicturesscrapedonthesurfaceofa 88 200 Pacific OceaninthesouthofPeru.Itlastedfrom Nazca Tw developed? W Flourish Other AndeanCivilizations 1. and stylesofthearea. culture,” onethatgavethefirstformtoideas the OlmecinMexico,mayhavebeena“mother site topaytheirrespects.TheChavínculture,like from otherareasmayhavemadetripstothemain site ofaspiritualorreligiousmovement.People lands. Theymadebeautifulclothandpottery. and complexsystemstobringwatertheirfarm- o otherimportantculturesaroseinPeru.The hat The Nazcaaremostfamousforthe culture? What theoriesdoscientistshaveabouttheChavín C B . HAPTER C . culture developedalongthecoastof to other Andean civilizationsother Andean A . D (pages 247-249) 9S . 600. TheNazcapeoplebuiltlarge ECTION 3 . Moche Pacific Coastbutfartothenorth.Thiswas the Nazcadrewthesepicturesfortheirgodstosee. 2. another. But mostofthemremainedseparatefromone other cultureswouldriseandfallintheAmericas. this fallisnotknown.Forthenexthundredyears, the otherpeoplesofAmericas,reasonfor lived. guage, itispossibletolearnmuchabouthowthey life. So,eventhoughtheyneverhadawrittenlan- beautiful potterythatshowedscenesofeveryday gold, silver, andjewels.TheMochepeoplemade great wealth.Theyhavefoundobjectsmadeof Moche people.Theyshowthattheculturehad wild ducksandpigs,hunteddeer. toes, squash,andpeanuts.Theyalsofished,caught water totheirfields.Theyraisedcorn,beans,pota- from themountains.Theybuiltditchestobring The Mochetappedintoriversthatfloweddown Eventually, theMocheculturealsofell.Aswith Archaeologists havefoundsometombsofthe The othercultureofearlyPeruarosealongthe Name threecharacteristicsoftheMochepeople. culture. Itlastedfrom A . D . 100 to A . D . 700.

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