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© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. mountains duringtheentire year. Travel ishard. very rocky. Iceandsnow coverthetopsof Peru. Inthisarea,themountainsaresteepand along thesemountains,liesthemoderncountryof than 20,000feethigh. This mountainrangehasmanypeaksthataremore harsh environment—the Zapotec peoples.Thesecivilizationsgrewinavery Americas fartothesouthofOlmecand Other interestingcivilizationsaroseinthe unlikely foracivilization toarise? W (pages 246–249) Societies AriseintheAndes Na BEFORE YOU READ BEFORE YOU the Andes Early Civilizationsof AS YOU READ AS YOU CHAPTER 9 T South America. he me hat To Chavinculturebegantoflourishin tions oftheAndes. Use thetimelinebelowtotakenotesonearlyciviliza- Andes. In thissection,youwillread aboutthecivilizationsof civilizations. In thelastsection,youread aboutthefirstMesoamerican ward thenorthernpartofSouthAmerica, ______Date Date ______geographic factors madeit geographic factors 900 B Section 3 . C . Andes 200 ( pages 246–249) in SouthAmerica. B . C . A . D .100 C the centerofapoliticalempire butwasthechief Chavín. Scientiststhinkthat themainsitewasnot are theartstylesandsymbolsofreligionfoundat the northandsouthofthissite.Attheseothersites the Chavínculturehelpedshapeotherculturesto the firstinfluentialcivilizationinSouthAmerica. its heightfrom900 mounds madeofearth.TheChavínculturewasat have foundpyramids,openspaces,andlarge de Hwintar, intheAndes.Atthissite,researchers Chavín. Ittakesitsnamefromamajorruin,Chavín a newcivilizationarose.Thatcultureiscalled ing thedaytobittercoldatnight.Thesoilispoor. HAPTER Scientists havefoundobjectsthatsuggest The climatechangesquicklyfrombeinghotdur- It wasinthemountainsofthisdifficultlandthat 9T A . D . 600 HE around the northerncoastofPerufrom Moche around 900 South America,whichflourishedfrom Chavín TERMS ANDNAMES around 200 the southerncoastofPerufrom Nazca A MERICAS B . C Culture thatflourishedalong A . First influentialculturein Culture thatflourishedalong . to 200 D . B B 100 to : AS . . C C .to .to A B EPARATE A 200 . A D . . .700 . C D D . . . B 600 700 It isconsidered . C . W ORLD 87 wh10a-RSG-0209_P6 11/13/200311:32AMPage88 only fromhighintheair. Someexpertsthinkthat are solargethattheycanbeseenandappreciated der, somebirds,andothercreatures.Thepictures rocky plain.Thedrawingsincludeamonkey, aspi- They arehugepicturesscrapedonthesurfaceofa 88 200 Pacific OceaninthesouthofPeru.Itlastedfrom Nazca Tw developed? W Flourish Other AndeanCivilizations 1. and stylesofthearea. culture,” onethatgavethefirstformtoideas the OlmecinMexico,mayhavebeena“mother site topaytheirrespects.TheChavínculture,like from otherareasmayhavemadetripstothemain site ofaspiritualorreligiousmovement.People lands. Theymadebeautifulclothandpottery. and complexsystemstobringwatertheirfarm- o otherimportantculturesaroseinPeru.The hat The Nazcaaremostfamousforthe culture? What theoriesdoscientistshaveabouttheChavín C B . HAPTER C . culture developedalongthecoastof to other Andean civilizationsother Andean A . D (pages 247-249) 9S . 600. TheNazcapeoplebuiltlarge ECTION 3 Nazca Lines. Moche Pacific Coastbutfartothenorth.Thiswas the Nazcadrewthesepicturesfortheirgodstosee. 2. another. But mostofthemremainedseparatefromone other cultureswouldriseandfallintheAmericas. this fallisnotknown.Forthenexthundredyears, the otherpeoplesofAmericas,reasonfor lived. guage, itispossibletolearnmuchabouthowthey life. So,eventhoughtheyneverhadawrittenlan- beautiful potterythatshowedscenesofeveryday gold, silver, andjewels.TheMochepeoplemade great wealth.Theyhavefoundobjectsmadeof Moche people.Theyshowthattheculturehad wild ducksandpigs,hunteddeer. toes, squash,andpeanuts.Theyalsofished,caught water totheirfields.Theyraisedcorn,beans,pota- from themountains.Theybuiltditchestobring The Mochetappedintoriversthatfloweddown Eventually, theMocheculturealsofell.Aswith Archaeologists havefoundsometombsofthe The othercultureofearlyPeruarosealongthe Name threecharacteristicsoftheMochepeople. culture. Itlastedfrom A . D . 100 to A . D . 700.
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