DOCSLIB.ORG

No. 8 Notes on Anti-Submarine Defenses May 1917

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
No. 8 Notes on Anti-Submarine Defenses May 1917 AY 4 1927 Register No. 640 NOTES ON ANTI-SUBMARINE DEFENSES NAVY DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE MAY, 1917 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT l' RINTING OFFICE 1917 ~AY 4 1927 Secret! NOTES ON ANTI-SUBMARINE DEFENSES NAVY DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE MAY, 1917 WAStUNGT ON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 . ~ DECLASS,l.fIED · Authority 1:: •U I ()50 I ' SECRET. NAVY D E PAR TllIENT, ·OFFICE OF NAVAL I NTELLIGENCE , llashington, May 5, 1917. This pamphk•L i n reprint of confidontiul British publications which this offico is nuthorizecl to republish. I t is very important thn t this information should be kept secret. No person not n commissioned officC' r of tho Nnvy should be allowed to oxumine this pamphlet,. ROGER W ELLES, Captain , U. S . N., Directo1· of Naval Intelligence. 5 · ~ DECLASSJ,flEO · Authority_1:: -Y \ 05D I INDEX. Attachments: P.umgmph. To moori ng buoys... .......... .... .................................. G2 Of timber floats to jackst.ays............ ....... ..... .............. .... 30 Of barrel fl oats to jackstays...................... .... ......... ...... 84 Boom defense vessels: Chief features of.............. .. 42 Calcium flares. .......... ... .......................... ...... ........... ] !) Cross connectors-......... ......... .. !) " Destroyer " booms........ ......... ................. ........ ....... ... 70 Dolphin defenses .... .. ........ .................... : . .. 03 Examination service......... ........ .. ... .. ........ ..................... .. 11.0 F loats: Spacing of.. 24 Types of .. ...... ....... , ................. ....................... .... 25 " Rendering" buoy. .......... ........... ........ .. .. ................. 51 " Holmes" light ..................................... ............. ... ...' . 19 Hurdle defenses: Construction and placing of.. .. .. .. .. 105 H ydrophones. ............ ... .. ......... ................. ............ .... 22 Jackstays: Length of.... ......... 15 "Continuous" jackst.1.ys.. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 17 Size of. .......................... ............. ............ ............ l4 Attachments to........................................................ 30 Magnetophones..... ........ .... ................. ................. ... .. ..... 22 Mine fields, ... .......... .. .... .. ............ '. 23 Moorings: For vessels.......... ....... .. 52 For buoys ............................... ............ .. :...... ........ 57 Length of pendants......... ............. .. ... .. 48 Attachment of, to mooring buoys... ................... ....... ..... .... G2 Weights of anchors for................... .. ................ .......... 53 Cast.iron anchors for.......... ..... .. G6 Chain cable for...... ............................... .................. 67 Flexible steel wire employed for . ... 67 Net sections: Lengths of. G Depth of........... ....... ...................... .................. 11 Detachable net sections........... ...... ............. ................ 1 8 Net sections fi tted with mines.. ...................... ...... .. ...... 20 Attachment of, to mooring buoys. ...... ............. ................. 62 Net d efenses: Circumstances governing design..... 2 :\fora] efiect of .... ...... .... .. ...........•. 85 Representntfre net defcuse. .. 5 Neta for great depths. ................................................ 12 7 . DECLASS)..flED . Authority_C·_ _u Io.so, 8 CON"TENTS. Net defenses-Continued Size of mesh f · M th d or. P oragroph. r e o of forming m l ·-· · · · · · · - · · · • • •. ...... 5 Ntd f es1.. .... .. ····· ·- ······· · ·· e ti~ enses not held by vessels . ........... ................... - .. 0 Func ons of · · · · · · • • .. 47 Method of la~~··· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • • . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · SECRET. 0 75 ~~:~ti;n of site f~; .·.::::::: ::::::: · · · · • ...... ::::::::::::::: : : : : : : : : : : 86 NOTES BEARING ON THE DESIGN AND CONSTRGC­ e enses supPorled b · · · · · · · · · · - · • • Protected a h Y towers . · · · · · · · · · • • ..... .. .. 4 " nc orage. · · •. 01 TION OF ANTI-SUBMARIN~ DEFENSES. winches ..·. ········• ................ : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · "Render~ng" ]19 Rendenng" buoy ................ - . ................ MARCH, 1917. .. · · · · · · · · - · · · ............. 36 Ships' Passages or gate•. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · -......... 1. These notes arc the results of experience gained in the construc­ \Vidth of ~ .. · · · · · · · ·...... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 51 68 tion and m aintenance of anti-suhma rine defenses since the commence­ G9 m ent of the war. 70 2. Design.-The best form of defense for a particular h arbor, port 73 estuary, roaclstead, open-anchorage, or bay, is governed by the local 11'1 0g~r::•••• rd er of Passing. th. .• .••••••••• . .. .•••·•••••• . ... ••••. ......................... ••• .. •·• ••• • • •. ••. ••• • • • •. circumstances and characteristics. Swept rhannel: rough..... ............. ]16 stream , the prevailing winds, the ex­ Position of .... _......... 117 3. The strength of the t idal Telephones . ·.·.··· posure to wave action, and the nature of the h9kling ground require ....... 23 to be specially considered . l 13 4. Site.-In view . of the g reat rnnge and power of the modern torpedo, the defense should be as far removed as possible from the anchorage to be protected, observing t hat the open m esh of sub­ marine net defenses will not deflect or arrest torpedoes fired from seaward of the hoom. 5. Desc1'iption of submm'ine net defense.- The nets are usually_made 6£ 2½-inch circumference special reinforced flexible steel wire, with a breaking strain of nearly 20 tons and specially lubricated internally <luring manufacture to resist the action of sea water. This is im­ portant. 6. The nets are made· 12 feet square mesh and in units. 7. A convenient w1it of length is 600 feet. 8. A unit 600 feet long a nd 60 feet deep, made of 2½-inch circum­ ference flex ible steel wire weighs 3 tons, and can be handled and transported without diff1culty. · 9. The meshes arc formed b y four-w11,y cross connectors. 10. Many designs of cross connectors have been used b ut in prac­ tice the most satisfactory- and economical type is that known as the Trevor cross connector, patented. and m ade by Messrs. Bullivant & Co. (Ltd.). 11. The depth of t he defense should be propor tionate to the depth of w ater, but no nets have been m 11,de of a greater depth than 140 feet owing to the difficulties of handling and flotation. ' 12. I n practice, defenses exceeding 60 feet in depth are made in two tiers, t he upper 60-foot net being of 2½-inch circumfere'nce special reinforced flexible steel wire, and the lower net of 2-inch flexible steel wire. 96680-17-2 9 . ~ DECLASS,lfIEO · Authority_1= ._u I 0501 10 NOTES ON ANTI-SUBMAilINE DEFENSES. KOTES ON ANTI-SUBMARINE DEFENSES. 11 13. Experiments have demo t d defense should be f ns rnte that the upper portion of the (a) Comparative invulnerability to damage by collision or o-W1f:irn 0 greaber strenath th th l . I 0 wherever possible the h . b an e owcr port10n, ant or the action of water pressure if deeply s ubmerged. onzontals of th h breaking strain than th t· e nets s ould be of a grrater (b) Cheapness. e ver 1ca1 s 14. The nets are attached . (c) The raw material is usually readily obtainable. jackstay; the circumference t~~he surf~ce to a flexible s teel wire (d) They present 11, formidable obstacle to surface vessels. 0 :15_ The length of the jackst . ch vanes from 4 to 5 inches. (e) Thoy do not leak, and when saturated give a reliable buoyancy. the floats. ay 18 governed by the intervals between (f) Thoy can readily be repaired. 27. Thoir disadvantages are: 16 · B Y di vi'din g the jacksta · · · attached to the floats r . Y mto comparatively short Jeno-tbs, (a) Size and weight compared with a steel or iron hollow fioat. ' epau-s can dil b 17. The use of a contm· . rea Y be effected. (b) Consequent difficulties of transport. n 0t t· f uous Jackstay f • · sa IS actory and re d , avored m some desio-ns, 1s (c) 1'ho increased resistance set up when moored in a tideway. diffi. ul . n ers a brea h . b c t to repnll'. c m the defense serious and (cl) Tho incro~sed stresses communicated to the jackstays and 18. De~chable net sections.-D a ttachments as the result of considerable wave motion. long, are m use at some b etucha~le net sections each 300 feet (e) Increased wear and tear and consequent more frequent renewal the . k ascs. Th h d ' . Jae s~ay by means of as lit . e ea of the nets is sccUI'ed to of component parts as tho result of (d) . with special regard to the lop link_ ~fa breaking strain determined (f) The uncertainty of floats made of the same class timber giving 1 the same buoyancy. :::ea~h e~c. The object in ~:wc~:ft~ns, e. g., strength of the tidal O 28. It should be noted that Oregon pine is considered to be the att: k ~ iackstay when subjected t · ow the net sections to detach best timber to employ. to ,~t~taida vessel, but the split li~lt~normal resistance, e. g., when 29. The best form of timber float is a baulk, synm;unetrical in shape, 0. l . the stresses set up b h hould be of sufficient strength 19. a cium flares-1/., l ' y t e wave m f composed of a number of sleepers securely bolted together. defenses w·th d o mes lights o ion. 30. The attncbment to tho jackstay should take the form of steel rying awa; f etac~able net sections .- Tdhese are ~corporated lll or iron bands or rods, an-nngod to take the stresses on the jackstays 20 M o . a section. ' an serve to indicate the car- . ets
Load more

Recommended publications
  • NATO HANDBOOK on MARITIME MEDICINE Amedp-11(A)
    NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11(A) NATO HANDBOOK ON MARITIME MEDICINE AMedP-11(A) ORIGINAL NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11(A) INTENTIONALLY BLANK ORIGINAL NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11(A) NATO HANDBOOK ON MARITIME MEDICINE AMedP-11(A) NOVEMBER 2008 i ORIGINAL NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11(A) INTENTIONALLY BLANK ii ORIGINAL NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11 (A) NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION NATO STANDARDIZATION AGENCY (NSA) NATO LETTER OF PROMULGATION 24 November 2008 1. AMedP-11(A) - NATO HANDBOOK ON MARITIME MEDICINE is a NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED publication. The agreement of nations to use this publication is recorded in STANAG 1269. 2. AMedP-11 (A) is effective on receipt. It supercedes AMedP-11, which shall be destroyed in accordance with the local procedure for the destruction of documents. Juan . MORENO Vice dmiral, ESP(N) Dir tor, NATO Standardization Agency III ORIGINAL NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11(A) INTENTIONALLY BLANK IV ORIGINAL NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11(A) THIS PAGE IS RESERVED FOR NATIONAL LETTER OF PROMULGATION V ORIGINAL NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11(A) INTENTIONALLY BLANK VI ORIGINAL NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11(A) RECORDS OF CHANGES Change No Date inserted NATO Signature Rank/Rate/ Effective Date Grade VII ORIGINAL NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11(A) INTENTIONALLY BLANK VIII ORIGINAL NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11(A) RECORD OF RESERVATIONS BY NATIONS CHAPTER RECORD OF RESERVATIONS BY NATIONS General FRA 2 TUR 3 TUR 4 TUR 14 TUR 16 TUR 20 TUR Annex A TUR IX ORIGINAL NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11(A) INTENTIONALLY BLANK X ORIGINAL NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NAT/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AMedP-11(A) RECORD OF SPECIFIC RESERVATIONS COUNTRY SPECIFIC RESERVATIONS France considers AMedP‑11 as an interesting guide, but this publication does not constitute a national technical guideline.
    [Show full text]
  • '"41111111111111P
    '"41111111111111P www.mcdoa.org.uk The design is simple and sl rung, I he clamping mechanist.. 1111,1 proved,and the \ alve i,; wad.- mai corrosive ela.aue pt it h.:. Safety AIR RESERVE VALVE '111.• 0,1 are fitted with all \lid t., in It cannot be hell 11e.•1.1e1.1,.11% 'Reserve' when the I 1 Comfort empty. The valve has n i rani 11..1 uni which can wear or jam HARNESS The new ?I\l ui ‘‘ehhel l, harness is designed ti al .1 strap, to m a.00 a weighi hell i1111i1• The Essgee 'Mistral' Aqualung by comfortable to wear. a I Siebo, Gorman based on the famous quick-release attaelnill'Ili Int l i h.. Cousteau-Cagnan design has all the take off the set before latest refinements that research has water, or jettison it in , suggested and experiment realised. TWIN CYLINDER CONVERSION DEMAND VALVE The double-lever You can convert your 'Al itii action reduces opening resistance Aqualung into a twin set. 04, difill1111111111111MOOMMIIIIIIMIN to a minimum, and the single stage * In itS for full deluilm q/' v reduction gives maximum air-flow. Essgee 'A/ istreir. The Slob°, Gorman 'Mistral' - The World's mood reliable Aqualung SIEBE ifi0°14 SIEBE, GORMAN & co. LTD. Neptune Works, Davis Road, Chessington, Surrey. • 1 Telephone: Elmbridge 5900 GoRmAN IIImumnium11111 111111ilimumi1111111 Manchester Office: 274, Deansgate. 111111111111111111111111111131111111IIII 1111 1111r0 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111 15 Telephone: Deansgate 6000 )Z -•:+1:0141 0 Printed by Coasby & Co. Ltd., St. James's Road, Southsea, Hants. www.mcdoa.org.uk Vol. 9 No. 1 H.M.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Collection of Stories and Memories by Members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 1963
    A Collection of Stories and Memories by Members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 1963 Compiled and Edited by Stephen Coester '63 Dedicated to the Twenty-Eight Classmates Who Died in the Line of Duty ............ 3 Vietnam Stories ...................................................................................................... 4 SHOT DOWN OVER NORTH VIETNAM by Jon Harris ......................................... 4 THE VOLUNTEER by Ray Heins ......................................................................... 5 Air Raid in the Tonkin Gulf by Ray Heins ......................................................... 16 Lost over Vietnam by Dick Jones ......................................................................... 23 Through the Looking Glass by Dave Moore ........................................................ 27 Service In The Field Artillery by Steve Jacoby ..................................................... 32 A Vietnam story from Peter Quinton .................................................................... 64 Mike Cronin, Exemplary Graduate by Dick Nelson '64 ........................................ 66 SUNK by Ray Heins ............................................................................................. 72 TRIDENTS in the Vietnam War by A. Scott Wilson ............................................. 76 Tale of Cubi Point and Olongapo City by Dick Jones ........................................ 102 Ken Sanger's Rescue by Ken Sanger ................................................................ 106
    [Show full text]
  • Psdiver Monthly Issue 79
    PSDiver Monthly Issue 79 Greetings, We try to keep our subject matter and topics both current and relevant and offer subscribers the opportunity to I attended DEMA last month in Las Vegas and was discuss issues in an open forum on a Moderated Yahoo pleasantly surprised and humbled at the recognition Discussion Group. Sponsors / Advertisers or any PSDiver and PSDiver Monthly has acquired. After 7 years corporate representatives are encouraged to participate of work, the magazine and the work we do has finally and offer their expertise to this group. We just do not come of age. Thank you for that. allow the forum to be used for advertising. The group is We have six new sponsors to introduce to the magazine the largest of its kind and currently has over 1,600 and hope some of the contacts we made at DEMA will members world wide representing most every training lead to more over the next month or two. agency, major manufacturer and numerous government and military teams. For those of you who were not with us at the beginning, HYBRID VEHICLE PSDiver Monthly was introduced as a concept in 2003 at PSDiver Monthly is DEMA. The goal and intention of PSDiver Monthly was to housed at EMERGENCY RESOURCE bring information to the Public Safety Diving community www.PSDiver.com. GUIDES in a way that was unique, educational and most PSDiver.com is a free resource site Download file at the PSDiver.com importantly – free to subscribers. We started with a web site or click HERE handful of sponsors and 235 subscribers.
    [Show full text]
  • Service Inquiry Into the Fatal Diving Incident at the National Diving and Activity Centre, Newport on 26 March 2018
    Service Inquiry SERVICE INQUIRY INTO THE FATAL DIVING INCIDENT AT THE NATIONAL DIVING AND ACTIVITY CENTRE, NEWPORT ON 26 MARCH 2018. NSC/SI/01/18 NAVY COMMAND OFFICIAL - SENSITIVE PART 1.1 – COVERING NOTE. NSC/SI/01/18 20 Feb 19 FLEET COMMANDER SERVICE INQUIRY INVESTIGATION INTO THE FATAL DIVING INCIDENT AT THE NATIONAL DIVING AND ACTIVITY CENTRE, NEWPORT ON 26 MARCH 2018. 1. The Service Inquiry Panel assembled at Navy Safety Centre, HMS EXCELLENT on 26 Apr 18 for the purpose of investigating the death of 30122659 LCpl Partridge on 26 Mar 18 and to make recommendations in order to prevent recurrence. The Panel has concluded its inquiries and submits the finalised report for the Convening Authority’s consideration. 2. The following inquiry papers are enclosed: Part 1 REPORT Part 2 RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Part 1.1 Covering Note and Glossary Part 2.1 Diary of Events Part 1.2 Convening Order and TORs Part 2.2 List of Witnesses Part 1.3 Narrative of Events Part 2.3 Witness Statements Part 1.4 Findings Part 2.4 List of Attendees Part 1.5 Recommendations Part 2.5 List of Exhibits Part 1.6 Convening Authority Comments Part 2.6 Exhibits Part 2.7 List of Annexes Part 2.8 Annexes President Lt Col Army President Diving SI Members Lt Cdr RN Warrant Officer Class 1 Technical Member Diving SME Member 1.1 - 1 NSC/SI/01/18 OFFICIAL - SENSITIVE © Crown Copyright OFFICIAL - SENSITIVE Part 1.1 – Glossary 1. Those technical elements listed below without an explanation here are explained in full when they are first used.
    [Show full text]
  • A REVIEW of CASES of PULMONARY BAROTRAUMA from DIVING EBH Lim, Jhow
    A REVIEW OF CASES OF PULMONARY BAROTRAUMA FROM DIVING EBH Lim, JHow ABSTRACT Pulmonary barotrauma is a condition where lung injury arises from excessive pressure changes. Five cases of pulmonary barotrauma from diving have been seen at the Naval Medicine and Research Centre from 1970 to 1991. Four suffered surgical emphysema while one developed cerebral arterial gas embolism (CAGE). These cases are presented and discussed, including the predisposing factors, common signs and symptoms and essential treatment of this condition. Keywords: Pulmonary barotrauma, cerebral arterial gas embolism. SINGAPORE MED .I 1993; Vol 34: 16-19 INTRODUCTION CASE REPORTS Pulmonary barotrauma is a condition where lung injury occurs Case I as a result of excessive pressure changes. It arises because of HICK, aged 26, a naval seaman made a SCUBA dive on the the inverse relationship between the volume of a given mass of morning of 20 May 1976. His dive depth varied from 3 to 10 gas and its absolute pressure, representing a clinical sequelae metres. After an hour, he went to his reserve air and started to of Boyle's Law. surface. The excessive change in pressure has always been Immediately on surfacing, he felt a pain in the whole chest emphasized but it is the change in volume of the enclosed gas that was aggravated by deep breathing. On reaching shore, he that causes the tissue damage; it is also an individual's noticed a change in his voice and that his neck was swollen susceptibility to volume change that determines, whether one with a crackly feel to the skin.
    [Show full text]
  • Makefast-Safety-Catalogue.Pdf
    ISSUE 6 Safety Buckles Hooks & Connectors Rapid Links Dees, Triangles & Rings Safety Accessories For enquiries please call our technical sales team on +44 (0)1686 629010, email [email protected] or visit www.makefast.com WELCOME NEW PRODUCTS INCLUDE: Slimline Click Lock Buckle TO THE NEW MAKEFAST See page 5 SAFETY PRODUCTS Double Action Safety Hook CATALOGUE See page 22 Our new catalogue shows our complete range of buckles, hooks and ancillary equipment. We design and manufacture products mostly in stainless steel and plastics, but can offer other materials to order. Many of our products have been developed in association with our customers. Our buckles range is very comprehensive and offers solutions for most applications. Our Sales and Design Departments are always available to assist for any special designs or enquiries. Many of our products are accredited to the new Lifejacket Standard EN ISO 12402-7:2006/FprA1:2010. All these products are marked to show this standard. Quality is important to us and we have ISO:9001:2015 Certification, Certificate FM 60306. Continuous improvement is part of our company philosophy and we welcome any suggestions. There is an open invitation to visit our factory which is based in beautiful Mid Wales. From the M6 at Birmingham the M54 brings you to within 30 miles of Newtown. Or we can arrange collection from Liverpool, Manchester or Birmingham airport. Accompanying Makefast’s own unique product range, this catalogue includes products from other world class manufacturers. NEW Slimline Click Lock Buckles A few of the products shown in this catalogue will be made - see page 5 to order only, with a minimum order quantity.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Advisory for Inland/ Inshore Commercial Diving Safety and Health
    Published in October 2009 by the Workplace Safety and Health Council in collaboration with the Ministry of Manpower. Technical Advisory for Inland/Inshore Commercial Diving All rights reserved. This technical advisory may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any Safety and Health means in whole or in part, without prior written permission. The information provided in this technical advisory is accurate as at time of printing. Advisory for Technical Please note that all information in this technical advisory are meant for learning purposes only. The learning points and information are not exhaustive and should not be taken to encapsulate all the responsibilities and obligations of the user of this technical advisory under the law. The publisher of this technical advisory does not accept any liability or responsibility to any party for losses or damage Inland/Inshore Commercial Diving Safety and Health arising from following this technical advisory. This publication is available on the Workplace Safety and Health Council website: www.wshc.gov.sg Email: [email protected] 7730333033 WWSHSH CouncilCouncil Cvr_newRev6.inddCvr_newRev6.indd 1 110/16/090/16/09 44:14:14 PPMM Year of Issue : 2009 120 Contents 1.0 Preface 04 2.0 Introduction 05 2.1 Scope and Application 05 2.2 Terms and Definitions 07 3.0 Hazards in Commercial Diving Work 16 3.1 Environmental Hazards 16 3.1.1 Currents, Tides, Tidal Range and Slack Water 16 3.1.2 Contaminated Water Diving 19 3.1.3 Restricted Surface Visibility 19 3.1.4 Restricted Underwater Visibility
    [Show full text]
  • A Collection of Stories and Memories by Members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 1963
    A Collection of Stories and Memories by Members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 1963 Compiled and Edited by Stephen Coester '63 Dedicated to the Twenty-Eight Classmates Who Died in the Line of Duty ............ 3 Vietnam Stories ...................................................................................................... 4 SHOT DOWN OVER NORTH VIETNAM ............................................................... 4 THE VOLUNTEER ................................................................................................. 5 A MEMORABLE SONG ....................................................................................... 10 Air Raid in the Tonkin Gulf ................................................................................... 16 Lost over Vietnam ................................................................................................ 23 Through the Looking Glass .................................................................................. 27 Service In The Field Artillery ................................................................................ 32 Mike Cronin, Exemplary Graduate ....................................................................... 66 SUNK ................................................................................................................... 72 TRIDENTS in the Vietnam War ........................................................................... 76 Dick Jones' Tale of Cubi Point and Olongapo City ............................................ 102 Ken
    [Show full text]
  • Search and Recovery Diver Specialty Course Is for You
    SPecialty of the Month PADI say… It happens: People accidentally drop things from docks, off boats or even while scuba diving. If you’ve ever lost something in the water and wanted to go find it, then the PADI Search and Recovery Diver Specialty course is for you. There are effective ways to search for objects underwater that increase your chances of success. And there are good and better methods to bring up small, large or just awkward items. Search and recovery can be challenging, but a whole lot of fun. For more information about the PADI Search and Recovery course, visit www.padi.com or contact your local PADI dive shop or resort. PReReQUISITES • Minimum age: 12 • (Junior) Advanced Open Water Diver or equivalent qualifying rating or (Junior) Open Water Diver with PADI Underwater Navigator Specialty ---------------------------------------------------- Search and Recovery Diver next month: PADI NIGHT DIVER In this instalment of the at watching the PADI Search and medium-sized object which weighed 10kg or for something I had lost. Again, after every executed a jackstay search pattern over a ascent. I made sure I could always move freely Recovery DVD one evening I more over a 30-metre squared area. I found the completed dive I had to lift the object to the 60-metre squared area. After what seemed like away and let it go if I had to. PADI Specialty of the remember thinking to myself ‘this expanding square search pattern the most surface in a slow controlled manner. a lifetime, I saw the torpedo shell taking shape With the torpedo shell lifted, everyone at the Month series, PADI looks great fun, but challenging’.
    [Show full text]
  • An Underwater Archaeological Survey of Cape Andreas) Cyprus) I969-70: a Preliminary Report
    An underwater archaeological survey of Cape Andreas) Cyprus) I969-70: a preliminary report by JEREMY N. GREEN SUMMARY The Research Laboratory for Archaeology, Oxford, conducted in the summers of 1969 and 1970 an underwater archaeological survey of the seabed, down to a depth of 50 m, around Cape Andreas in Cyprus. A total area of about 1 sq. km was systematically searched, using the diver swimline technique. A detailed hydrographic survey of the whole area was carried out and the coastline and islands surveyed. The survey of the material located was carried out using both conventional techniques (tape trilateration and theodolite/tape methods) and simple photogrammetric techniques (photomosaic, reference-frame triangulation, cube and cross-rod plan drawing). The various techniques were compared; the simple photogrammetric techniques were found to be a highly efficient method of recording, and the theodolite/tape system the best method of surveying the control points for the photogrammetry. A total of 10 pottery sites were located; four are thought to be wrecks, the remainder possibly spillage or jettison. Two foul ground anchor sites were located, one containing 30 anchors in an area of about 3,500 sq. m. Three unusual lines of stone anchors were also recorded. The total number of anchors recorded was about 200 : 50 iron, 10 lead and the rest stone. Twelve iron Y-shaped anchors were recorded. INTRODUCTION THE Research Laboratory for Archaeology, Oxford, carried out two underwater arch- aeological expeditions during the summers of 1969 and 1970 at Cape Andreas, the north-east cape of Cyprus (see Figs. 1 & 2). The object of these expeditions was to search for and record underwater material of archaeological interest.
    [Show full text]
  • Version 2007/01
    Diver *, **, ***, **** TRAINING PROGRAM ( VERSION 2007/01 ) THE C.M.A.S. INTERNATIONAL DIVERS CERTIFICATES SYSTEM The C.M.A.S. has established standards which form the basis of a system of International Divers Certificates, which are recognised by all national federations and other bodies which are member of the C.M.A.S. Technical Committee. The standards describe the knowledge and skills required in order for a diver to be granted the appropriate C.M.A.S. International Divers Certificate. The certificates may be awarded as an equivalent to a national qualification held by the divers, or may be awarded directly by a C.M.A.S. recognised Diving School or by certain national federations. The standards describe four grades of divers • One Star Diver * • Two Stars Diver ** • Three Stars Diver *** • Four Stars Diver **** Details of the standards will be found in the C.M.A.S. publication “ Standards and Requirements ” In most cases divers will be trained in accordance with the training programmes used by their national federation, and these will have been closely considered during the process of granting approval for International Certificate Equivalents. The Diver Training Programmes outlined here are intended to: 1. Act as an example to federations wishing to become members of the C.M.A.S. Technical Committee, and aiming to issue divers certificates which will have equivalent C.M.A.S. International Divers Certificates. 2. Indicate to existing members of the Technical Committee the current standards of training considered necessary in order to reach the minimum levels of proficiency required for the award of C.M.A.S.
    [Show full text]