School of Science Diving Manual
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Appendix 9 School of Science Diving Manual SCHOOL OF SCIENCE Diving Manual December 2015 Adapted from the Government of Western Australia Department of Fisheries Diving Procedure Manual, Edith Cowan University Diving Operations Manual and University of Western Australia Scientific Diving Procedures Manual This is a living document that will be updated regularly. If conducting Curtin University/School of Science diving operations, please ensure you have the latest copy of this Manual, by contacting the School Diving Officer Rowan Kleindienst on: Ph: 08 9266 1369; Mob: 0401103844; Email: [email protected] Feb 2016 v 1 Accepted by Faculty of Science & Engineering Dec 2015 Draft v 0.3 Peta Tilbrook Sep 2015 Draft v 0.2 Peta Tilbrook 2014 Draft v 0.1 Jennifer McIlwain, Euan Harvey and Simon Longbottom 105 TERMINOLOGY AS/NZS 2299: The Australian Standard for Occupational Diving Operations: i) Part 1 Standard Operational Practice AS/NZS 2299.1:2007 ii) Part 2 Scientific Diving AS/NZS 2299.2:2002 ATA: Atmosphere- A measurement of pressure. BAIL OUT CYLINDER: This refers to a small SCUBA cylinder of not less than 368 litres (13 cubic feet) of air that is used as an emergency supply of air for divers operating on SSBA. BCD: Buoyancy control device. BOTTOM TIME: The total elapsed time from when a diver leaves the surface to the time (next whole minute) at which ascent is commenced, measured in minutes BUDDY LINE: A line used to connect two or more divers, allowing them to maintain contact. It should be approx. 2 - 3 m in length. Usually only used in conditions of low in-water visibility. BUDDY SYSTEM: A system whereby both divers must work together and maintain contact during the dive. COMBINED DIVE: The bottom times of more than one dive, added together and treated as bottom time for a single dive for the purposes of determining decompression requirements. CPR: Cardio pulmonary resuscitation. CURRENT LINE: A line deployed behind a boat in conditions of strong current to facilitate the recovery of divers from the water. Also called a „Mermaid Catcher‟. CU/SOS: Curtin University School of Science CU/SOS Diver: Any Curtin University staff member or student, listed on the CU/SOS Diver Register, who is undertaking a dive on behalf of the University. CU/SOS Dive Plan: An operational plan prepared by the Dive Supervisor for a dive, or a series of dives. A dive plan must be prepared and submitted for every CU/SOS dive. CUBSC: Curtin University Diving and Boating Safety Committee DIVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: A means of communication between the divers and/ or between the diver and surface personnel. DIVE COMPUTER: A device that uses mathematical algorithms and electronic sensors to provide decompression and other dive information to the diver before, during and after a dive(s). DIVE TABLE: A complete set of tables used to plan safe dive maximum no decompression limits, and detail decompression stops if required. DIVE TIME: The duration of time from the diver leaving the surface until they return to the surface. DIVER’S ATTENDANT (DA): Diver’s Attendant, either in water as a dive buddy (where approved) or on the surface. DAN - Diver’s Alert Network: Organisation offering assistance to members in event of a diving emergency. DCI / DCS: Decompression illness / decompression sickness. DCIEM: Canadian Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine. DCIEM TABLES: Decompression tables developed by DCIEM. As issued by the University Diving Officer. DIVE PLAN/PERMISSION FORM: A designated Curtin University form, used to describe intended details of any proposed diving operation/s and record the University Diving Officer’s signed approval. DIVE RECORD SHEET: A designated Edith Cowan University form, used to record details of each dive for every diver. DIVE LEADER (DL): The Dive Leader is the “in-water” leader of a dive team, and may either be the Dive Supervisor, or another Diver nominated by the Dive Supervisor. 106 DIVING OPERATION: Where personnel from Curtin University undertake a trip for the purpose of scientific or related underwater diving. The operation includes all time devoted to the trip, including preparation before departure, and the subsequent reporting phase on return. DIVE SUPERVISOR (DS): The Dive Supervisor is responsible for the overall conduct of the dive, including any necessary pre and post dive activities, and the actual dive. DIVE TEAM: The total number of personnel directly involved in any diving operation FLOAT LINE: A line which is attached to a diver at one end and a float / dive flag on the surface as diver location indicator. Floatlines shall be no less than 1.5 times the water depth. ENRICHED AIR NITROX (EANx): Oxygen enriched air comprising a 22%-40% oxygen mixture. Used to maximise bottom times in moderate depths. Requires additional training and equipment. FREE DIVE: A breath hold dive that does not require the use of compressed air breathing apparatus. HOOKAH: A low-pressure air compressor that supplies air directly to diver(s) via a hose. A hookah used by Curtin University divers must be built to Australian Standards. HANDLINE / REEL: A coiled cord for attaching diver to shot line or other fixed structure to assist in dive site navigation. NDL (No Decompression Limits): The maximum bottom time for each depth at which a diver does not enter a decompression dive schedule NIGHT DIVING: Any diving activity conducted in the hours of darkness, including one hour prior to sunset and one hour after sunrise. OXYGEN SUPPLY: A supply of oxygen for medical emergencies adequate to deliver oxygen for the time required to travel to the nearest centre where professional medical assistance is available. Oxygen must be medical grade. POST DIVE REPORT: A designated CU/SOS form, used to describe actual details of any diving operations. QUICK RELEASE: Able to be immediately released from the closed position by the single operation of 1 hand. REPETITIVE DIVE: Any dive conducted after a surface interval from a previous dive of more than 15 min. and less than 18 hours, or that has a repetitive factor at the start of the dive of greater than 1.0 REPETITIVE FACTOR (RF): Using the DCIEM dive tables, a figure determined by the repetitive dive group (RG), and the length of the surface interval after a dive, and used for repetitive diving. REPETITIVE GROUP (RG): After a dive conducted using the DCIEM dive tables, every diver will fall into a Repetitive Group category - determined by all of the dives they have completed in the previous 18 hrs SAFETY SAUSAGE: A safety device inflated by a diver on the surface to attract attention. SAFETY STOP: A stop prior to breaking the surface at the completion of the dive, to off-gas nitrogen in the body tissues. (Normally a three to five minute stop between three to six metres depth). SCUBA: Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus. SHALL/MUST/WILL: There are NO circumstances under which this recommendation may be ignored. SHARK SHIELD / ESDS: An electronic device that emits an electromagnetic field to deter pelagic sharks from making contact with a diver. SHOT LINE: A line extending from a float on the surface to a weight on the bottom. Used to mark the dive site location and act as an independent descent and ascent tool. The rope is marked with depth graduations to facilitate decompression stops at the correct depth. SHOULD: Normal diving practice requires that this recommendation be obeyed, but there may be circumstances in which it is appropriate to relax or modify it. SNORKEL DIVING: A diving activity where the use of diving equipment is used but does not include compressed air or rebreather equipment. SURFACE INTERVAL (SI): Time between surfacing from one dive and commencing the next. If the SI is less than 15 minutes, then the second „dive‟ is deemed a continuation of the first dive. 107 SSBA: Surface Supplied Breathing Apparatus. SURFACE TETHER: A line that is attached to the diver and tended by a diver's tender at the surface. VISITING DIVER: Any visiting scientist or student, listed on the CU/SOS Diver Register, who is undertaking a dive on behalf of the University. VOLUNTEER DIVER: A person not associated with CU/SOS, who has volunteered to assist with CU/SOS diving, and meets the requirements necessary to be listed on the Diver Register. WORKING “LIVE”: Where a vessel being used for diving is under power whilst Divers are in the water. WORKSAFE: A division of the Department of Commerce, the state government agency in Western Australia responsible for the administration of work safety and health law 108 SECTION 1. SCOPE OF THIS MANUAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS 1.1 Scope This document is the Curtin University School of Science (CU/SOS) Diving Manual. It is compulsory for all divers to read this manual prior to taking part in any diving activity and to sign off that they agree to comply with all of CU/SOS diving rules, regulations and policies (Appendix 1). It is intended to provide a concise statement of agreed policy and procedures governing all Snorkel (breath hold) and Compressed Air diving operations for School divers involved in underwater research and teaching activities to ensure users conduct their diving operations in a safe manner. The terminology used in this Manual is not rigidly standardised, as there are no agreed definitions for many of the terms used. However certain words used in instances where instructions or recommendations are given, must be interpreted as follows: MUST Under no circumstances can this recommendation be ignored WILL/SHALL Other than in exceptional circumstances this recommendation should always be followed SHOULD / Normal diving practice requires that this recommendation be obeyed, but RECOMMENDED there may be circumstances in which it is appropriate for it to be relaxed CAN/MAY The diver/diving operation may well benefit from employing this technique Procedures indicated as "not permitted" in this manual may be allowed by the University Diving Officer (UDO), in very exceptional circumstances with detailed conditions agreed to in writing by all parties involved and kept on file with the University Diving Officer for at least three years.