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LITERARY ENDEAVOUR a Quarterly International Refereed Journal of English Language, Literature and Criticism VOL

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LITERARY ENDEAVOUR a Quarterly International Refereed Journal of English Language, Literature and Criticism VOL www.literaryendeavour.org ISSN 0976-299X LITERARY ENDEAVOUR A Quarterly International Refereed Journal of English Language, Literature and Criticism VOL. IX NO. 1 JANUARY 2018 UGC Approved Under Arts and Humanities Journal No. 44728 CONTENTS No. Title & Author Page No. 1. Italian Poetry in the Modern Time - 1900 to Post Second World War 01-03 - Dr. Lilly Fernandes and Mr Mussie Tewelde 2. The Endless Exodus: A Journey through Ayyappa Paniker's Southbound 04-07 - Anusree R. Nair 3. Ramanujan's Poetry: A Realistic Perspective 08-10 - Ishfaq Hussain Bhat 4. The Poetry of Emily Dickinson: An Interior Journey 11-13 - G. Aravind and Dr. S. Ravikumar 5. Exploring 'Patriotism' in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart 14-17 - Dr. Rosaline Jamir 6. Contextualizing Post Colonial Identities in Rudyard Kipling's Kim 18-22 - Dr. Pragti Sobti 7. Value vs. Value: An Axiological Study of Sudha Murthy's Dollar Bahu 23-27 - Dr. Mukta Jagannath Mahajan 8. Ambivalence about Masculine Ideals: Some Observations on Ethiopian 28-34 Masculinity/ ies, Literature and Culture - Tripti Karekatti 9. Narrating Dreams and Daughters: Githa Hariharan's The Thousand Faces 35-41 of Night and Manju Kapur's Difficult Daughters - Dr. Arpita Ghosh 10. Notes from The Underground: The Insights of the Insane 42-46 - Sanjay Kumar 11. Dorothy West's Views on Social Stratification of African Americans in 47-52 The United States of America - Kukatlapalli Subbarayudu 12. An Approach and Practice to Writing English Novels on Lesbianism: 53-59 A Study of Post-modern Indian Women Novelists from Late Twentieth to Present Century - Dipak Giri 13. The Kenyan Writer Ngugi Wa Thiong'o: An Understanding 60-62 - S. C. Jakati 14. Struggle for Gender Equality in She Plays with the Darkness 63-65 - Dr. Barge Sunanda Tanaji 15. Indian English Fiction: Growth of Novel as a Literary Form 66-70 - Dr. R. Krishna Mohan 16. Ngugi Wa Thiong'o's Homecoming as a Critique of the West 71-73 - Shivaraj B. H. 17. Forging an Aboriginal Identity: A Re-Presentation of History in 74-77 Kim Scott's 'Benang' - M. Sahana Fathima 18. Aesthetic Portrayal of Political Dynamics in Rushdie and Naipaul's Works 78-82 - Bhupinder Singh and Jap Preet Kaur Bhangu 19. Futility of Conjugal Relationship in Manju Kapur's The Immigrant 83-88 - Preeti Kaul and Dr. Walunir 20. Existential Element in Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children 89-91 - Dr. Aqueel Akhtar 21. Muted Souls: The Politics of Living in Selected Stories of Yiyun Li 92-95 - Dr. Sruti Ramachandran 22. Housing the Black Body: A Study of Race and Gender Oppression in 96-97 Gwendolyn Brook's Maud Martha - Dr. Nidhi Sharma 23. Patriarchy and Domestic Violence: A Feminist Reading of the God of 98-103 Small Things - Javeed Ahmad Raina 24. Decolonization in Ngugi Wa Thiong'o's Plays 104-106 - Shivaraj B. H. 25. Undercurrents of Bold Social Criticism and Protest in Select Stories 107-111 by Jyotirmoyee Devi - Rama Chowdhury 26. A Study of Private Public Divide in Ellen Glasgow's The Woman Within 112-118 - Susila 27. Women as a Spiritual Guardian of Life in Laura Riding's Lives of Wives 119-129 - Miss. Rasmita Kalasi 28. Discovering the Forgotten Female Warriors of Mahabharata 130-134 - Rashmi Vajpayee 29. Ambedkarite Literature: Liberation for Humanity 135-139 - Dr. Subhash Zanke 30. Utilization of Language Labs among the Faculty Members and Students: 140-143 A Study of Sri Manickam College of Education, Pudukkottai - Dr. S. Malathi, Dr. S. Subbiah and M. Meenal 31. Innovative Techniques of Evaluating English Language and Literature 144-147 Learning - Dr. A. T. Gavhale 32. English Mechanical Loans in Adenese Arabic 148-158 - Dr. Khalid Ali AL-Sabaee and Dr. Saud Awadh Dahmam Bilafakeeh 33. Graduate Students' Writing 159-161 - Mrs. Kalpana S. Singh 34. Promoting Social Emotional Learning (SEL) in English Classrooms 162-169 through Paulo Coelho's the Devil and Miss Prym - Giftsy Dorcas E. and Dr. (Mrs.) Raichel M. Sylus 35. Imparting Morals and Cultural Values through Children's Literature: 170-176 A Study of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's the Brotherhood of the Conch Trilogy - Manreet Dhaliwal 36. Study of Various Aspects of Survival in Maya Angelou's Poetry 177-181 - Vaijayanta V. Patil 37. Pathos of the Gulf Migrants in Bennyamin's Goat Days 182-183 - Neethu M B 38. The Idiom Identity Crisis as a Recurrent Theme in the Select Novels of 184-187 Saul Bellow: A Study - M. Kannadasan and Dr. M. Natarajan 39. A. K. Ramanujan's Life and Works 188-190 - Guru G. Patil 40. A. K. Ramanujan's Second Sight and Black Hen Poetry Collections 191-194 - Guru G. Patil 41. Language through Literature: An Effective Method for the New Learners 195-197 of English - Dr. Govind Sarswat 42. Strategies for Developing Oral Communication Skills of Engineering 198-203 Students - Dr. B. Narasinga Rao 43. A Critical Study of Shakespeare's Hamlet 204-206 - Dr. P. Madhan 44. East-West Conflict in the Ideology of R. K. Narayan with Special 207-213 Reference to His Selected Novels: The Guide and the Vendor of Sweets - Imtiyaz Ahmad Mir and Aijaz Ahmad Ganie Literary Endeavour (ISSN 0976-299X) : Vol. IX : Issue: 1 (January, 2018) www.literaryendeavour.org 1 01 ITALIAN POETRY IN THE MODERN TIME - 1900 TO POST SECOND WORLD WAR Dr. Lilly Fernandes, Associate Professor, Department of ELT, College of Education, Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mai Nefhi, Asmara, State of Eritrea, North East Africa Mr. Mussie Tewelde, Lecturer & Head, Department of ELT, College of Education, Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mai Nefhi, Asmara, State of Eritrea, North East Africa Introduction: Italian poetry in the twentieth century can be identified to be lyrical in nature and is found to exhibit a great deal of subjectivity. This has been a subject of contention over the years by a number of critics. The need for objectivity and its relation lack of realities exhibited by the poets in their inability to define a particular role thereby limiting the expression is something which needs to be discussed (Martel, 2011). At this juncture the researchers would like to quote Squarotti who indicated that in modern Italian poetry there is still an ongoing battle to liberate the subject matter from the tyranny of the "subject" himself. This can be observed from the comment on search for “a punto di vista diverso dall'io come fonte del discorso poetico”. Along with this aspect there is also recurrence of the themes related to concept of the poet being considered as a "vate" one who is inspired by a divine power or one who narrates in a quasi-prophetic voice. This type of poetry is also quite common in modern Italian poetry as observed from the works of Ungaretti to Pasolini. Nevertheless this also in its broad outlook is found to form a part of the phenomenon of a "rifiuto dell'io" which dominates this period as the search of the poet to express himself (Ó Ceallacháin 2007). Along with this concept of subjectivity there has been a great deal of involvement of egocentricity at its extreme limits and is often presented with a poetic voice which is completely subjective. With the impact of the world wars and the industrialization there was a change from lyrical subjectivity to poetic realism (Payne, 2004). There were some poets who engaged directly in the objective reality of the world and moved away from the subjective impact of the same on their lives. With this background in mind the authors now delve into more specific themes between the years 1900s to early 1950s. The classification presented by Ó Ceallacháin (2007) has been used to discuss the same. These classifications are not very clear and may overlap periods at different points. Avant Garde Experimentation (1900-1920): This period extends from the beginning of the century to the end of the First World War when there was an in depth range of innovation and experimentation (Lorenzini, 1999). This phenomenon has been identified to lead to the use of a label "avanguardia storica” dealt with the work of futurists (Moroni and Somigli, 2004). Some of the most popular poets in this era included the famous Corazzini, Marinetti and Campana. The views presented by these authors presented contrasting temperaments among varying authors strongly drawn from the views of symbolists of the 19th century (Mazzoni, 2002). The poetry by Govoni, Corazzini and Gozzano (Mengaldo, 1978) can be identified to be dominated by the theme of melancholy. However their works also presented the first significant challenge associated with the perception of crisis in terms of ideological and artistic certainties. A very good example is the declaration of " Io mi vergogno.si, mi vergogno d'essere un poeta" by Gozaano indicating his shame. Similar presentations by Corazzini and Govoni indicate that there was a great deal of crisis as well as uncertainty which had befallen the society as a whole due to the rapid urbanization brought about by industrialization and consumerism (Govoni 2000, Corazzini 1978). Thus it can be concluded that most poets in this era had different views in terms of intellectual themes, poetic subjectivity. ITALIAN POETRY IN THE MODERN TIME - 1900 TO POST SECOND WORLD WAR 2 Lyrical introspection (1915-1945): This generation is often identified as the Hermetic Generation and was marked by the publishing of the book "La Poesia ermetics" by Francesco Flora (1936) wherein the use of the term hermetic marked the beginning of a long process of critical discussion. In his critical review Flora indicates that modern Italian poetry maybe considered being obscure and sterile and is dependent on the French symbolist tradition (Payne, 2004).
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