DOCSLIB.ORG

Revised Land and Resource Management Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revised Land and Resource Management Plan Revised Land and Resource United States Department of Management Plan Agriculture Forest Service Chugach National Forest Alaska Region Chugach National Forest R10-MB-480c May 2002 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250–9410 or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. REVISED LAND AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN for the CHUGACH NATIONAL FOREST Lead agency: USDA Forest Service Chugach National Forest 3301 C Street, Suite 300 Anchorage, Alaska 99503 Responsible official: Dennis E. Bschor, Regional Forester USDA Forest Service PO Box 21628 Juneau, Alaska 99802 For further information contact: Dave R. Gibbons, Forest Supervisor Chugach National Forest 3301 C Street, Suite 300 Anchorage, Alaska 99503 (907) 743-9500 WEB SITE for the Revised Forest Plan, Final Environmental Impact Statement and the Chugach Revision Web Page: http://agdc.usgs.gov/cnf Chugach National Forest – Revised Land and Resource Management Plan ABSTRACT This Revised Land and Resource Management Plan (Revised Forest Plan) was prepared according to Department of Agriculture regulations (36 CFR 219) which are based on the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) as amended by the National Forest Management Act of 1976 (NFMA). This Revised Forest Plan also was developed in accordance with regulations (40 CFR 1500) for implementing the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Because this Revised Forest Plan is considered a major federal action significantly affecting the environment, a Final Environmental Impact Statement has been prepared as required by NEPA and 36 CFR 219. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Please recycle this document when it is ready to be discarded. Chugach National Forest – Revised Land and Resource Management Plan ii Revised Land and Resource Management Plan Table of Contents Abstract................................................................................................ii Table of Contents................................................................................iii List of Tables.......................................................................................ix List of Figures .................................................................................... xii Chapter 1 - Introduction Understanding the Revised Forest Plan........................................... 1-1 Introduction .................................................................................. 1-1 Purpose of the Revised Forest Plan ............................................ 1-1 Summary of Changes Made Between the Proposed Revised Forest Plan and the Revised Forest Plan.................. 1-2 Relationship of the Revised Forest Plan to Other Laws, Regulations and Policies......................................................... 1-3 Chronology of Major Documents Related to the Revised Forest Plan................................................................ 1-5 Implementing the Revised Forest Plan ........................................ 1-7 Project-level Decisions................................................................. 1-7 Forest Plan Amendments............................................................. 1-7 Forest Plan Review and Revision ................................................ 1-9 Organization of this Document..................................................... 1-9 Chugach National Forest – Revised Land and Resource Management Plan iii Chapter 2 – Summary of the Analysis of the Management Situation Introduction ...................................................................................... 2-1 Current Management Plan............................................................... 2-1 Outputs and Activities ...................................................................... 2-2 Benchmarks (Maximums/Minimums) ............................................... 2-5 Preliminary Revision Issues............................................................. 2-9 Summary of the Current Management Situation ..............................2-9 Chapter 3 – Forestwide Direction Introduction ...................................................................................... 3-1 Goals and Objectives of the Revised Forest Plan............................ 3-1 Air Quality .................................................................................... 3-1 Soil Resources............................................................................. 3-2 Water, Wetland and Riparian Areas............................................. 3-2 Ecological Systems Management ................................................3-3 Management of Fish and Wildlife Habitat..................................... 3-4 Forest Products............................................................................ 3-6 Minerals ....................................................................................... 3-6 Heritage Resources ..................................................................... 3-7 Recreational Opportunities, Access and Facilities ....................... 3-7 Scenic Quality .............................................................................. 3-9 Land Ownership........................................................................... 3-9 Fire Protection, Fuels Management and Insect and Disease Treatment......................................................... 3-10 Wild and Scenic Rivers .............................................................. 3-11 Wilderness ................................................................................. 3-11 Kenai Mountains – Turnagain Arm Heritage Corridor ................ 3-12 Research.................................................................................... 3-12 Chugach National Forest – Revised Land and Resource Management Plan iv Desired Condition .......................................................................... 3-13 Forestwide ................................................................................. 3-13 Kenai Peninsula Geographic Area .............................................3-14 Prince William Sound Geographic Area..................................... 3-16 Copper River Delta Geographic Area ........................................3-18 Forestwide Standards and Guidelines ........................................... 3-20 Basic Principles of Forest Management..................................... 3-20 Key Definitions used in Standards and Guidelines .................... 3-20 Standards and Guidelines.......................................................... 3-22 Air Quality ............................................................................. 3-22 Soils ...................................................................................... 3-22 Fish, Water and Riparian Areas ............................................ 3-23 Vegetation Management ....................................................... 3-25 Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive Plant Species......... 3-27 General Wildlife.....................................................................3-28 Brown Bear Habitat Management .........................................3-29 Mountain Goat and Dall Sheep Habitat Management........... 3-30 Raptor Nest Protection Management....................................3-31 Seabird Rookeries Habitat Management .............................. 3-31 Waterfowl and Shorebird Habitats Management...................3-32 Threatened and Endangered Species...................................3-33 Special Forest Products........................................................ 3-33 Mining Plans of Operations/Minerals Management Area ......3-33 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Licensing or Relicensing .................................................................. 3-33 Heritage Resources .............................................................. 3-34 Recreation and Tourism........................................................ 3-35 Recreational Gold Panning ...................................................3-41 Emergency Motorized Access............................................... 3-41 Fixed-wing Aircraft ...............................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Forest Genetic Electrophoresis Lab Annual Report 2003 – 2004 (FY04)
    USDA FOREST SERVICE NATIONAL FOREST GENETICS LABORATORY (NFGEL) Annual Report 2003 – 2004 (FY04) 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, CA 95667 530-622-1609 (voice), 530-622-2633 (fax), [email protected] Report prepared December 2004 INTRODUCTION This report covers laboratory activities and accomplishments during Fiscal Year 2004. October 1, 2003 through September 30, 2004 Background NFGEL was established in 1988 as part of the National Forest System of the USDA-Forest Service. The focus of the lab is to address genetic conservation and management of all plant species using a variety of laboratory techniques including DNA analyses. NFGEL services are provided to managers within the Forest Service, other government agencies, and non- government organizations for assessing and monitoring genetic diversity. Purpose of Laboratory The purpose of the Laboratory is to analyze molecular genetic markers (protein and DNA) in plant material submitted by Forest Service employees and those from other cooperating entities. NFGEL provides baseline genetic information, determines the effect of management on the genetic resource, supports genetic improvement program, and contributes information in the support of conservation and restoration programs, especially those involving native and TES (threatened, endangered, and sensitive) species. Alignment to National Strategic Plan for FY04-08 NFGEL’s work aligns to the following National Strategic Plan measures: 1. Goal 1 (Reduce risks from catastrophic wildland fire) 2. Goal 2 (Reduce the impacts from invasive species). 3. Goal 4 (Help meet energy resource needs) 4. Goal 5 (Improve watershed condition) 5. Goal 6 (Mission related work in addition to that which supports the agency goals) NFGEL Projects NFGEL projects were processed to meet a variety of management objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Helicopter-Supported Commercial Recreation Activities in Alaska
    HELICOPTER-SUPPORTED COMMERCIAL RECREATION ACTIVITIES IN ALASKA Prepared for Alaska Quiet Rights Coalition Prepared by Nancy Welch Rodman, Welch & Associates and Robert Loeffler, Opus Consulting Funded by a grant from Alaska Conservation Foundation October 2006 Helicopter-Supported Commercial Recreation Activities in Alaska Helicopter-Supported Commercial Recreation Activities in Alaska TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary.................................................................................................................. ES-1 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................1-1 1.1. Purpose of this report...............................................................................................1-1 1.2. What is not covered by this report ...........................................................................1-1 2. Laws, Regulations and Policies..........................................................................................2-1 2.1. Legal Authority to Regulate.....................................................................................2-1 2.2. Strategies to Regulate Impacts.................................................................................2-5 2.3. Limitations on Authorities, Permit Terms, and Strategies.......................................2-7 2.4. Summary..................................................................................................................2-8 3. Types and Consumers of Helicopter-Supported
    [Show full text]
  • Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24
    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, version 2018-07-24 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge biology staff July 24, 2018 2 Cover image: map of 16,213 georeferenced occurrence records included in the checklist. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 5 Purpose............................................................ 5 About the list......................................................... 5 Acknowledgments....................................................... 5 Native species 7 Vertebrates .......................................................... 7 Invertebrates ......................................................... 55 Vascular Plants........................................................ 91 Bryophytes ..........................................................164 Other Plants .........................................................171 Chromista...........................................................171 Fungi .............................................................173 Protozoans ..........................................................186 Non-native species 187 Vertebrates ..........................................................187 Invertebrates .........................................................187 Vascular Plants........................................................190 Extirpated species 207 Vertebrates ..........................................................207 Vascular Plants........................................................207 Change log 211 References 213 Index 215 3 Introduction Purpose to avoid implying
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Volume 2
    Appendix F Species List Appendix F: Species List F. Species List F.1 Lists The following list and three tables denote the bird, mammal, fish, and plant species known to occur in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Arctic Refuge, Refuge). F.1.1 Birds of Arctic Refuge A total of 201 bird species have been recorded on Arctic Refuge. This list describes their status and abundance. Many birds migrate outside of the Refuge in the winter, so unless otherwise noted, the information is for spring, summer, or fall. Bird names and taxonomic classification follow American Ornithologists' Union (1998). F.1.1.1 Definitions of classifications used Regions of the Refuge . Coastal Plain – The area between the coast and the Brooks Range. This area is sometimes split into coastal areas (lagoons, barrier islands, and Beaufort Sea) and inland areas (uplands near the foothills of the Brooks Range). Brooks Range – The mountains, valleys, and foothills north and south of the Continental Divide. South Side – The foothills, taiga, and boreal forest south of the Brooks Range. Status . Permanent Resident – Present throughout the year and breeds in the area. Summer Resident – Only present from May to September. Migrant – Travels through on the way to wintering or breeding areas. Breeder – Documented as a breeding species. Visitor – Present as a non-breeding species. * – Not documented. Abundance . Abundant – Very numerous in suitable habitats. Common – Very likely to be seen or heard in suitable habitats. Fairly Common – Numerous but not always present in suitable habitats. Uncommon – Occurs regularly but not always observed because of lower abundance or secretive behaviors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Plants of British Columbia Part 1 - Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons (Aceraceae Through Cucurbitaceae)
    The Vascular Plants of British Columbia Part 1 - Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons (Aceraceae through Cucurbitaceae) by George W. Douglas1, Gerald B. Straley2 and Del Meidinger3 1 George Douglas 2 Gerald Straley 3 Del Meidinger 6200 North Road Botanical Garden Research Branch R.R.#2 University of British Columbia B.C. Ministry of Forests Duncan, B.C. V9L 1N9 6501 S.W. Marine Drive 31 Bastion Square Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 Victoria, B. C. V8W 3E7 April 1989 Ministry of Forests THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Part 1 - Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons (Aceraceae through Cucurbitaceae) Contributors: Dr. G.W. Douglas, Douglas Ecological Consultants Ltd., Duncan, B.C. — Aceraceae through Betulaceae Brassicaceae (except Arabis, Cardamine and Rorippa) through Cucurbitaceae. Mr. D. Meidinger, Research Branch, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C. — Gymnosperms. Dr. G.B. Straley, Botanical Garden, University of B.C., Vancouver, B.C. — Boraginaceae, Arabis and Rorippa. With the cooperation of the Royal British Columbia Museum and the Botanical University of British Columbia. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Dr. G.A. Allen for providing valuable suggestions during the initial stages of the project. Thanks are also due to Drs. G.A. Allen, A. Ceska and F. Ganders for reviewing taxonomically difficult groups. Mrs. O. Ceska reviewed the final draft of Part 1. Mr. G. Mulligan kindly searched the DAO herbarium and provided information on Brassicaceae. Dr. G. Argus helped with records from CAN. Louise Gronmyr and Jean Stringer kindly typed most of the contributions and helped in many ways in the production of the final manuscript which was typeset by Beth Collins.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenies and Secondary Chemistry in Arnica (Asteraceae)
    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 392 Phylogenies and Secondary Chemistry in Arnica (Asteraceae) CATARINA EKENÄS ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 UPPSALA ISBN 978-91-554-7092-0 2008 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva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ist of Papers This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals: I Ekenäs, C., B. G. Baldwin, and K. Andreasen. 2007. A molecular phylogenetic
    [Show full text]
  • West Copper River Delta Landscape Assessment Cordova Ranger District Chugach National Forest 03/18/2003 Updated 04/19/2007
    West Copper River Delta Landscape Assessment Cordova Ranger District Chugach National Forest 03/18/2003 updated 04/19/2007 Copper River Delta – circa 1932 – photo courtesy of Perry Davis Team: Susan Kesti - Team Leader, writer-editor, vegetation Milo Burcham – Wildlife resources, Subsistence Bruce Campbell – Lands, Special Uses Dean Davidson – Soils, Geology Rob DeVelice – Succession, Ecology Carol Huber – Minerals, Geology, Mining Tim Joyce – Fish subsistence Dirk Lang – Fisheries Bill MacFarlane – Hydrology, Water Quality Dixon Sherman – Recreation Linda Yarborough – Heritage Resources Table of Contents Executive Summary...........................................................................................vi Chapter 1 – Introduction ....................................................................................1 Purpose.............................................................................................................1 The Analysis Area .............................................................................................1 Legislative History .............................................................................................3 Relationship to the revised Chugach Land and Resource Management Plan...4 Chapter 2 – Analysis Area Description .............................................................7 Physical Characteristics ....................................................................................7 Location .........................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • USGS Professional Paper 545-A, Text
    Effects on Transportation and Utilities Eklutna Power Project GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 545-A This page intentionally left blank THE ALASKA EARTHQUAKE, MARCH 27, 1964: EFFECTS ON TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND UTILITIES Effect of the Earthquake Of March 27, 1964, on The Eklutna Hydroelectric Project, Anchorage, Alaska By MALCOLM H. LOGAN With a Section on TELEVISION EXAMINATION OF EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE TO UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATION AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN ANCHORAGE ByLYNN R. BURTON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 545-A APR 11 1991 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEW ART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1967 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402- Price 35 cents (paper cover) THE ALASKA EARTHQUAKE SERIES The U.S. Geological Survey is publishing the results of its investigations of the Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964, in a series of six professional papers. Professional Paper 545 describes the effects of the earthquake on transportation, communications, and utilities. Where needed to complete the record, reports by individuals from organizations other than the Geological Survey are included in the series. Thus, this description of the Eklutna Hydroelectric Project-a key part of south-central Alaska's power system-was requested from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; so, too, was the section on the use of television for investigating damaged under­ ground utility lines. Additional chapters in Professional Paper 545 will describe the effects of the earthquake on The Alaska Railroad and on highways, airports, utilities, and communications. Other professional papers describe the field investigations and reconstruction and the effects of the earthquake on com­ munities, on regions, and on the hydrologic regimen.
    [Show full text]
  • Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park Natural Resource Condition Assessment
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park Natural Resource Condition Assessment Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/WRD/NRR—2011/288 ON THE COVER. Taiya River Valley Photograph by: Barry Drazkowski, August 2009 Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park Natural Resource Condition Assessment Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/WRD/NRR—2011/288 Barry Drazkowski Andrew Robertson Greta Bernatz GeoSpatial Services Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota 700 Terrace Heights, Box #7 Winona, Minnesota 55987 This report was prepared under Task Agreement J8W07080025 between the National Park Service and Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota, through the Pacific Northwest Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit. January 2011 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado i The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Arnica Lessingii Ssp
    ARNICA LESSINGII SSP. NORBERGII IN THE PORTAGE AREA: A SENSITIVE SPECIES SURVEY A Report by Michael Duffy Alaska Natural Heritage Program ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE 707 A Street, Anchorage, AK 99501 ARNICA LESSINGII SSP. NORBERGII IN THE PORTAGE AREA: A SENSITIVE SPECIES SURVEY A Report by Michael Duffy Alaska Natural Heritage Program ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE 707 A Street, Anchorage, AK 99501 Submitted to: HDR ENGINEERING, INC. 2525 C Street Suite 305 Anchorage AK 99503-2689 October 21, 1994 Alaska Natural Heritage Program ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE 707 A Street, Anchorage, AK 99501 ⋅ (907) 279-4523 ⋅ FAX (907) 276-6847 Dr. Douglas A. Segar, Director Dr. David C. Duffy, Program Manager UAA IS AN EO/AA EMPLOYER AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION ______________________________________________________________________________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ______________________________________________________________________________ I'd like to thank Connie Hubbard and Bill Queitzsch of Chugach National Forest and Anne Leggett of HDR, Inc. for participating in the field surveys; their botanical skills helped locate many of the arnica populations. Thanks also to Rob Lipkin, of The Alaska Natural Heritage Program, Dr. David Murray and the staff at the University of Alaska Fairbanks Museum Herbarium, and Mary Stensvold of Tongass National Forest. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Sensitive Species That Are Not Listed Or Proposed Under the ESA Sorted By: Major Group, Subgroup, NS Sci
    Forest Service Sensitive Species that are not listed or proposed under the ESA Sorted by: Major Group, Subgroup, NS Sci. Name; Legend: Page 94 REGION 10 REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 REGION 4 REGION 5 REGION 6 REGION 8 REGION 9 ALTERNATE NATURESERVE PRIMARY MAJOR SUB- U.S. N U.S. 2005 NATURESERVE SCIENTIFIC NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME(S) COMMON NAME GROUP GROUP G RANK RANK ESA C 9 Anahita punctulata Southeastern Wandering Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G4 NNR 9 Apochthonius indianensis A Pseudoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G1G2 N1N2 9 Apochthonius paucispinosus Dry Fork Valley Cave Invertebrate Arachnid G1 N1 Pseudoscorpion 9 Erebomaster flavescens A Cave Obligate Harvestman Invertebrate Arachnid G3G4 N3N4 9 Hesperochernes mirabilis Cave Psuedoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G5 N5 8 Hypochilus coylei A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G3? NNR 8 Hypochilus sheari A Lampshade Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G2G3 NNR 9 Kleptochthonius griseomanus An Indiana Cave Pseudoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G1 N1 8 Kleptochthonius orpheus Orpheus Cave Pseudoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G1 N1 9 Kleptochthonius packardi A Cave Obligate Pseudoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G2G3 N2N3 9 Nesticus carteri A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid GNR NNR 8 Nesticus cooperi Lost Nantahala Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G1 N1 8 Nesticus crosbyi A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G1? NNR 8 Nesticus mimus A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G2 NNR 8 Nesticus sheari A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G2? NNR 8 Nesticus silvanus A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G2? NNR
    [Show full text]
  • Kachemak Bay Research Reserve: a Unit of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System
    Kachemak Bay Ecological Characterization A Site Profile of the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve: A Unit of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System Compiled by Carmen Field and Coowe Walker Kachemak Bay Research Reserve Homer, Alaska Published by the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve Homer, Alaska 2003 Kachemak Bay Research Reserve Site Profile Contents Section Page Number About this document………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .4 Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Introduction to the Reserve ……………………………………………………………………………………………..5 Physical Environment Climate…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 Ocean and Coasts…………………………………………………………………………………..11 Geomorphology and Soils……………………………………………………………………...17 Hydrology and Water Quality………………………………………………………………. 23 Marine Environment Introduction to Marine Environment……………………………………………………. 27 Intertidal Overview………………………………………………………………………………. 30 Tidal Salt Marshes………………………………………………………………………………….32 Mudflats and Beaches………………………………………………………………………… ….37 Sand, Gravel and Cobble Beaches………………………………………………………. .40 Rocky Intertidal……………………………………………………………………………………. 43 Eelgrass Beds………………………………………………………………………………………… 46 Subtidal Overview………………………………………………………………………………… 49 Midwater Communities…………………………………………………………………………. 51 Shell debris communities…………………………………………………………………….. 53 Subtidal soft bottom communities………………………………………………………. 54 Kelp Forests…………………………………………………….…………………………………….59 Terrestrial Environment…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 61 Human Dimension Overview……………………………………………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]