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Ordovician Gastropods from Pebbles in Cretaceous Fluvial Sandstones in South-East Disko, West Greenland

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Ordovician Gastropods from Pebbles in Cretaceous Fluvial Sandstones in South-East Disko, West Greenland Ordovician gastropods from pebbles in Cretaceous fluvial sandstones in south-east Disko, West Greenland JOHN S. PEEL Peel, J.S. 2019. Ordovician gastropods from pebbles in Cretaceous fluvial sandstones in south-east Disko, West Greenland. © 2019 by Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol. 67, pp. 75–81. ISSN 2245-7070. (www.2dgf.dk/publikationer/bulletin). https://doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2019-67-05 The gastropods Sinuopea sp. and Lecanospira cf. compacta (Salter 1859) of probable early Ordovician age are described from cherty limestone clasts within fluvial strata of the Cretaceous Atane Formation of Received 28 March 2019 south-east Disko, central West Greenland. The record of Sinuopea possibly suggests an earliest Ordovi- Accepted in revised form cian (Tremadocian) age, slightly older than the Floian–Dapingian age suggested by the oldest known 12 September 2019 conodont assemblages described from West Greenland. The determinations provide supporting evidence Published online for a former periodic cover of Ordovician strata in the Archaean terrane of south western Greenland, 27 September 2019 extending deep into the heart of the Laurentian landmass. Keywords: Greenland, Disko, Cretaceous lags, Atane Formation, Ordovician gastropods. John S. Peel [[email protected]], Department of Earth Sciences (Palaeobiology), Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala SE-75236, Sweden. The notable discovery by Asger Ken Pedersen in 1984 a breccia zone, but the material was not described. of fossil gastropods in cherty limestone clasts from Stouge & Peel (1979) described a small conodont fauna within Cretaceous fluvial deposits on the island of of general middle–late Ordovician age from limestone Disko provided significant new evidence of the former samples collected by Brian F. Windley during 1967. widespread distribution of Ordovician strata in West In 1977, Stig Bak Jensen and Jan H. Allaart made ad- Greenland (Pedersen & Peel 1985). The localities are ditional collections (GGU samples 182176 and 182180) found on the slopes of the mountain Tuapaat Qaqqaat, from the locality on my behalf during field work by south-east Disko, around 69°24'N, 52°40'W; Fig. 1. The the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU), with a specimens are derived from the Skansen Member focus on carbonate samples that could be processed (Cenomanian) of the Atane Formation, according to for conodonts. This material formed the basis for the regional lithostratigraphic synthesis of Dam et al. the analysis of conodont faunas presented by Smith (2009). Subsequently, the occurrence of similar mate- (1988) and Smith & Bjerreskov (1994). In addition to rial from the Annertuneq Conglomerate Member of conodonts, the samples yielded sponge spicules and the Kangilia Formation (Maastrichtian) on the north silicified crinoid ossicles, with rare fragments of orthid coast of Nuussuaq was reported by Dam et al. (2009, brachiopods. Secher et al. (2009) considered the Ordo- p. 111). vician blocks to lie within a carbonatitic–ultramafic In 1965 geologists of Kryolitselskabet Øresund breccia tuff associated with the Qaqarssuk carbonatite A/S discovered blocks of fossiliferous sediments at complex which was emplaced during the Jurassic. a locality (65°23'N, 51°32'W) 50 km east of Maniitsoq At the time of its discovery, Fossilik lay more than (formerly Sukkertoppen) in southern West Greenland. 1000 km from the nearest known onshore outcrops Following its announcement (Poulsen 1966), the local- of Lower Palaeozoic sediments in western Baffin ity became known as Fossilik (Fig. 1) and represented Island (Fig. 1) and almost twice that distance from a sensational indication of the former extent of the fossiliferous Cambro–Ordovician sections in North- Lower Palaeozoic deep within the present day Ar- East Greenland described by Poulsen (1932, 1937) chaean terrane. Information concerning the fauna and Cowie & Adams (1957). To the north, fossil-dated was expanded by Poulsen (1967a,b) who suggested Lower Palaeozoic strata in Greenland were first en- a middle Ordovician–early Silurian age for faunas countered in Inglefield Land and Daugaard-Jensen collected from a variety of sediment blocks within Land, astride Humboldt Gletscher (Poulsen 1927). Ordovician gastropods in Cretaceous sandstones, Disko, West Greenland · 75 Today, the surge of interest in hydrocarbon pros- On a larger scale, the significance of the West pecting has resulted in greatly increased insight into Greenland discoveries to the understanding of Or- the offshore geology of the Labrador–Davis Strait–Baf- dovician palaeogeography in north-eastern Laurentia fin Bay area (Gregersen et al. 2019). Ordovician strata is evident from reconstructions of the distribution of are known from offshore Baffin Island (McLean et al. landmasses during the early (Tremadocian) and late 1977) but also from a sliver of strata comprising the (Sandbian) Ordovician (Cocks & Torsvik 2011; Derby Davis Strait High which straddles the Canada–Green- et al. 2012; Fig. 1). Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and the Lab- land border (Chalmers & Pulvertaft 2001; Dalhoff et rador Sea occupy a central swathe of the subaerially al. 2006; Stouge et al. 2007; Oakey & Chalmers 2012; exposed Laurentian continent in these reconstruc- Fig. 1). Additionally, a tantalising record of fossils tions, in the centre of which lie the fossiliferous lag from within heavily mineralised sandstones located conglomerates of the Nuussuaq Basin (Fig. 1). in geographical proximity to the Proterozoic Safar- This paper describes the best preserved specimens tôq carbonatite complex (Secher & Larsen 1980) was from the small collection of gastropods from the chert described by Peel & Secher (1979). However, the fos- clasts of Disko, revising the preliminary identifica- siliferous clasts from Disko and Nuussuaq reported tions by Pedersen & Peel (1985). Specimens assigned by Pedersen & Peel (1985) and Dam et al. (2009) still to Sinuopea sp. and Lecanospira cf. compacta (Salter 1859) represent the northernmost record of Ordovician from suggest an early Ordovician age in general accord West Greenland. with the oldest conodont assemblages reported by Smith (1988), Smith & Bjerreskov (1994) and Stouge et al. (2007). Systematic descriptions Material. Specimens were whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate prior to photography. GGU prefix indicates a sample of Grønlands Geologiske Under- søgelse (Geological Survey of Greenland), now a part of the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark. MGUH prefix de- notes a specimen deposited in the palaeontological type collection of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen. Class Gastropoda Cuvier 1797 Discussion. Classification of Palaeozoic gastropods above superfamily or family level is in a state of flux, with the system employed by Knight et al. (1960) no longer apposite. Relevant overviews include Wagner (2002), Frýda et al. (2008) and Frýda (2012), and an online database is maintained by Wagner (2017). The most recent listing is that of Bouchet et al. (2017). However, large numbers of Palaeozoic families are left unassigned. Family Sinuopeidae Wenz 1938 Genus Sinuopea Ulrich 1911 Fig. 1. Ordovician localities in and around Greenland showing Type species. Sinuopea sweeti (Whitfield 1882) from the the approximate position of the early Ordovician (Tremado- Trempealeau Formation (Furongian) of Wisconsin, cian) coast line (after Cocks & Torsvik 2011; Derby et al. 2012). USA. 76 · Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark Sinuopea sp. Superfamily Ophiletoidea Koken 1897 Fig. 2C,D Figured material. MGUH 33399 from GGU sample Family Ophiletidae Koken 1897 327036, locality 1984/61 of A.K. Pedersen at altitude 270 m a.s.l. on the slopes of Tuapaat Qaqqaat, south-east Genus Lecanospira Butts 1926 Disko. Chert clast in sandstone of the Atane Forma- tion, Skansen Member. Type species. Ophileta compacta Salter 1859, from the Beauharnois Formation (Beekmantown Group), Or- Discussion. This single internal mould, preserved in dovician of Québec, Canada. buff coloured chert, is rounded by erosion such that the apex and one side (not visible in Fig. 2) are missing. Discussion. Knight et al. (1960) considered Lecanospira The maximum preserved height of the turbiniform Butts 1926 to be a macluritid, and ophiletids to be shell is 30 mm, consisting of parts of three whorls pleurotomarioids, while Rohr et al. (2003) placed which are slightly shouldered. Shallow channels on Lecanospira with the euomphalids. Wagner (2002) the internal mould indicate thickening of the apertural assigned Lecanospira to the euomphaline Superfam- margin which has a broad sinus low on the outer whorl ily Ophiletoidea Knight 1956. Peel (2019) considered face (arrows in Fig. 2C). Other oblique and rather ir- Koken (1897) to be the author of Ophiletidae and regular channels probably result from differential Ophiletoidea. chert formation on the shell interior, reflecting either burrows in the original sediment fill or possibly epi- Lecanospira cf. compacta (Salter 1859) bionts attached to the shell interior (arrow in Fig. 2D). Fig. 2A,E,G Rohr et al. (2000) commented that Sinuopea is a com- mon gastropod in upper Cambrian and lower Ordovi- Figured material. MGUH 33397 from GGU sample cian strata of eastern and central North America and 327039, MGUH 33400 from GGU sample 327040, loose Greenland. The Disko specimen is wider, with more pebbles of chert on the south-east slope of Tuapaat convex whorls than the specimen of the type species, Qaqqaat, altitude about
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