Investigating the Impact Range of Southern Taiwan Science Park Using ETC Data

Huei-Yun Hsu, Feng-Tyan Lin

 planning and ETC. Through this study, we used ETC data to be Abstract—Big Data has been used in many studies in recent years, more persuasive. Besides, we proposed a process of analyzing and ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) is currently one of the ETC data and a database of the impact range of Science Parks. development priorities of the world. Taiwan's Electronic Toll Then it can be established and visualized as a basis for Collection (ETC) has collected a large amount of freeway traffic data long-term observation to increase the credibility of urban from the detectors between interchanges since 2014. This paper will use ETC data and spatial analysis technology to investigate the impact planning. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact range of Southern Taiwan Science Park. range of passenger cars in inter-city of the Southern Science The impact range had two parts: (1) how far the impact distance of Park. the interchanges nearby science parks are, (2) how much traffic volume each affected interchange has. Then the impact result was II. LITERATURE REVIEW visualized. According to the specific time of different categories, we compared to the spatial distribution of differences. The study interval A. Big Data is the weekday commuting time in the morning, and the study object is Big Data has 6V characteristics: (1) Volume: a huge amount about passenger cars. of data, (2) Variety: data including text digital, audio and video, It is hoped that this study will provide a reference for Taiwanese structural and non-structural with various type, (3)Veracity: construction sites in the future. And this study is not only more persuasive through the real data, but also establish a set of ETC data data from the direct perception of the actual phenomenon are analysis process. At the same time we can help to build the database of real, (4) Velocity: data acquisition and analysis must be very impact range of other important constructions and visualize them as fast, (5) Visualization: presentation of the results of the the basis for long-term observation, and trying to combine ETC data Visualization, and (6) Value: While Big Data can also break and urban planning by this study to make effective suggestions. the traditional statistical sampling error situation, and directly analyze data with maternal statistics to increase the credibility Keywords—Big Data, Electronic Toll System (ETC), Impact and obtained the potential value in them [18]. range, Science Park, Visualization. B. Impact Range I. INTRODUCTION The study of traffic impact range mainly focuses on the N recent years, Big Data has been used in many studies, and traffic impact caused by one single construction project. These I Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is also the focus of topics include Freeway capacity, Freeway grade and saturation development in the world today. Electronic Toll Collection flow, etc. [4]. According to the Traffic Impact Assessment (ETC) in Taiwan, which uses inter-channel detectors, collects a Guidelines for Buildings of R.O.C. and the Traffic Impact large amount of traffic data from 2014 with different forms of Assessment Manual of Institute of Transportation, MOTC, the data releasing, such as origin-destination data. According to the Freeway impact assessment within the scope of the project study by Institute of Transportation, Ministry of Transportation radius of 500 meters is mostly taken as the research area. This (MOTC), passenger cars are still the highest proportion of study will focus on a wider range of areas such as cross-county travel mode in inter-city transport market in any length of trips, area of traffic, and the scope of impact range will be defined and related studies have proved that the use of ETC data is detailed follow-up. valuable. C. Freeway and urban planning According to the ETC operation status on officially website in Taiwan, the usage rate of ETC has reached 93% in May, In the study of Freeway and urban planning, there have been 2016, and the success rate is about 99.9%. Many researches studies on defining the population impact area of the Freeway using ETC data are flourishing; however, they mainly focused by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) method [1]. on the improvement of traffic volume analysis and system The space units was borough, and come up with population operation management, and rarely linked between urban changing in the 15 kilometers around the interchanges is the most significant effect [19]. There was also a 15-minute Huei-Yun Hsu, is with Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng interchange within the range of the study, the highway Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan (R.O.C.). (phone: construction for the regional population and industrial +886-987-879-245; e-mail: [email protected]). development in space and time are affected, and in the space Feng-Tyan Lin, is with Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan (R.O.C.). (e-mail: ftlin@mail. also had the different size of the impact domain [7]. ncku.edu.tw).

A research studied by Institute of Transportation, MOTC concluded about the characteristics of origin-destination after opening the Freeway No. 5 through the transport corridor from Taipei metropolitan to Yilan area. The main analysis were not only about the traffic volume and traffic speed of the Freeway, but also with a questionnaire survey to estimate the characteristics and purpose of travel trips, and sorting the top five pairs trips of Taipei-Yilan from different days by transport, purpose and counties. The study analyzed the number and percentage of trips at the same time and compared the growth rate past several years. In terms of inter-city transport, MOTC suggested that passenger cars were still the highest proportion Fig. 1 Southern Science Park Location (left: Tainan Park; right: of all travel length in inter-city transport market, accounting for Kaohsiung Park) about 79% of the overall travel trips [15]. TABLE I BASIC INFORMATION OF SOUTHERN SCIENCE PARK D. Electronic toll collection system (ETC) Annual Science Number of Area production Employment Many of the studies on ETC are mostly based on the study of Park \ manufacturers (ha) value (100 (people) Items (household) dynamic traffic flow estimated and the establishment of a million NTD) dynamic traffic flow matrix [9][16][20]. But the data were too Tainan 1,043 122 6,647 69,040 old or incomplete to be modeled. The rest of the studies was Park more about the relationship of traffic, such as traffic flow, Kaohsiung speed, and traffic behavior [21][23]. This study will use the 570 64 505 8,493 Park ETC data which are more complete and correct in origin-destination pairs. (Source: Southern Science Park, 2015 Official Website)

III. OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREA IV. RESEARCH METHODS Ministry of Science and Technology, which is the highest In this study, we will use Excel software for statistical research authorities of the R.O.C., established Northern, analysis, mainly using narrative statistical operations, and using Central and Southern Taiwan Science Parks that have promoted GIS as a visualizing tool. economic development in Taiwan. Many studies have A. Definition of impact range confirmed that the Science Parks for regional development This study is divided into two parts to define impact range. have considerable impact [10][11] such as residential demand The first part is the extent of the interchanges affected by a and commuting behavior, etc.[12]. certain construction, and the farthest from the south to the north The research object is Southern Taiwan Science Park, which is extended to two interchanges respectively. The second part is is divided into Tainan Science Park and Kaohsiung Science the traffic flow of each affected interchange. Then visualize Park. According to the official website of the Southern Science both of the impact with GIS. Park, Tainan Park, located between Tainan Xinshi, Shanhua and Anding three districts of Tainan city with 1,043 hectares, B. Research framework and the main industry are optoelectronics, integrated circuits, As shown in Fig.2 below, commuting time in weekdays precision machinery, biotechnology and green energy morning is mainly used as the research period in the data industries. Kaohsiung Park, located between Luzhu, Gangshan analysis stage. The report research by MOTC in 2015 defined and Yongkang three districts of Kaohsiung city with 570 Tuesday to Thursday morning and afternoon as weekdays, and hectares, the main industry are photoelectric, precision compared with weekends and holidays respectively. We machinery and biotechnology (medical equipment). The concerned about the passenger cars in commuting hours that set statistics related to the basic information as shown in the table from 7 am to 9 am. Then visualize the data described above and below. Next to Tainan Park there are five interchanges which establish daily database. At last discuss and conclude the results. are Anding Interchange and Tainan System Interchange of Freeway No.1, Shanhua Interchange and Shinhua System Interchange of Freeway No.3 and Shinshi Interchange of the Freeway No.8 which can be transferred by System Interchange. Since the ETC data does not include the freeway of east-west direction, it is assumed that commuters of passenger car that use the freeway to enter and exit the Tainan Park via the interchanges mentioned above. And the interchange used by commuters of Kaohsiung park is usually Kaoke Interchange, it is assumed that in commuting time passenger cars will use the Kaoke Interchange across the districts arrive Kaohsiung Park.

Tainan City accounted for 70% of all commuting travel trips, which affected all area of Tainan. Kaohsiung City accounted for 1.5%. The greatest impact volume is Tainan urban areas, while Kaohsiung is more evenly distributed. The impact range of Tainan Science Park is from Hsinchu to Pingtung about 9 counties, but it is not in decreasing form, it is even across districts and counties. There were no impact range in some cities such as Miaoli and Taichung County.

Fig. 2 Diagram of Research framework

V. DATA The data of this study is from "Transport Database" of Taiwan Area Freeway Bureau, MOTC, with the original data (M06) of the travel trips from 2013 in the ETC database. This data includes daily and hourly vehicles, time and numbers of interchanges, driving distance, and so on. This study will be extracted due to data continuity in January, 2015 and 2016, including three different types of day which are weekdays, weekends and New Year's holidays.

Fig. 5 Impact range of weekdays commuting to Tainan Park (passenger car)

B. Impact range of Kaohsiung Park Fig. 3 ETC (M06) Raw data schematic diagram Assuming that commuters using passenger cars arriving at Kaoke Interchange on weekdays are all vehicles entering the (Source: Taiwan Area Freeway Bureau) Kaohsiung Park for work. On January 6, 2015, for example, as Fig.6 shows below most of commuting cars arrives at the Southern Science Park through Rende System Interchange and Luzhu Interchange, with a volume about 500 to 550 vehicles, followed by the southern urban area and the Nanzi area, with 250 to 300 vehicles each. There are few passenger cars from Taichung which is middle of Taiwan to Chiayi City. Most of commuting trips are from Tainan City and Kaohsiung City, each of them is nearly 50%, but Tainan City is more concentrated in Rende area, old Tainan City and Yongkang area. Kaohsiung is more evenly distributed in Luzhu area, Gangshan area and Kaohsiung City. The reason is that the population of Tainan and Kaohsiung City should be concentrated in the old urban area, while the urban area of Kaohsiung City is a narrow development between north and south, and the volume distribution is more average than Tainan Fig. 4 Distribution area of ETC data City.

VI. RESULTS A. Impact range of Tainan Park Assuming that commuters with passenger cars using the above-mentioned six interchanges on weekdays are all entering the Tainan Park for work, on January 6, 2016, as shown in the following figure, most of them used Tainan Interchange to Tainan Park. The maximum number of passenger cars is about 1,000, followed by Yongkang Interchange, Guanmiao Interchange, Dawan Interchange and Madou Interchange. The traffic flow is about 400 to 800 vehicles, and the farthest distance was from Hsinchu to Taichung. And the other interchanges, about 10 or so, should not be normal travel trips.

D. Total volume of Kaohsiung Park From Fig.7 below we can see that the daily commute time is about 2,500 passenger cars. From Jan. 1th to Jan. 4th, 2015, for New Year holiday with an average of about 1,000 passenger cars, and Saturday weekend can reach about 1,500, Sunday to a slight decrease to 1,000 to 1,300, it is assumed that the reason weekend and holiday traffic is still more is Yong-an Fish Harbor which is far about 10 km from the west of Kaoke Interchange. Assuming that the car capacity is only one person which means about in 8,000 employees, there were 30%-40% of people using passenger cars. In addition, compared with the commuting time in the evening, from 17:00 to 19:00 assuming that all passenger cars start driving from Kaoke Interchange is commuting home from work, compared volume with less than time to work, speculated that the reason for the longer working Fig. 5 Impact range of weekday commuting to Kaohsiung Park hours, so the volume between 17:00 to 20:00 is more consistent. (passenger car) But on Friday the volume from 17:00 to 19:00 commuter vehicles will be matched with the morning, presumably it is C. Total volume of Tainan Park close to the weekend. From Fig.6 below we can see that the daily commute time is th th And the two years of commuter traffic patterns are almost the about 8,000 passenger cars. From Jan. 1 to Jan. 4 , 2015, there same, but the number of minor changed, as shown below, in were only 3,000 buses on New Year Holiday, and around 4,000 2016, traffic volume increased more 500 passenger cars than in on weekends. Tainan Park has been established around 20 years 2015, the number of employees in January 2015 was 6,601, and so that the transportation is well developed, not only freeway in January 2016 it was 8,092 It was an increase of about 1,500 but the train and bus can arrive Tainan Park easily. Besides, employees. This corresponds to the volume of passenger cars of living facilities are very convenient nearby, commuters using commuting between 30% and 40% on weekdays as mentioned passenger cars only 1% of the number of employees. There are above. many tourist spots such as Shanhua Painting Village, Brewery and Totoro Bus Station, etc. that attract people go there on weekends or holidays. Between 2015 and 2016, the amount of volume and commuting patterns are similar, as shown below, we speculated that the development of Tainan Park has become more mature so it changed little. According to the official website, the number of employees in January 2015 had 72,634 people, in Fig. 8 Total traffic volume of Weekday Commuting to and from January 2017 had 71,313 people. There was a decrease of about 1,300 people, as discussed above, only 1% of the number of employees used passenger cars to commute.

Kaohsiung Park (passenger car) Fig. 9 Total traffic volume of Weekday Commuting to Kaohsiung Park between 2015 and 2016 (passenger car) In the analysis we also set up two types of database, as shown below for the table contains the daily commute time, number of Fig. 6 Total traffic volume of Weekday Commuting to and from Tainan interchange, vehicle type and the total volume over the years. Park, 2015(passenger car) The other one is visualization with the aforementioned data as the basis and operating GIS for comparison and analysis.

Fig. 7 Total traffic volume of Weekday Commuting to Tainan Park between 2015 and 2016(passenger car)

between Tainan and Kaohsiung City. Visiting relatives and friends is the highest proportion of purpose of the trips (49.3%), while leisure and entertainment (35.3%) for the second highest. In Southern Science Park, between the two parks from Monday to Thursday is almost the same volume of passenger cars.

VIII. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS It is hoped that this study can provide a reference for site selection on Taiwanese construction in the future. And this study is not only more persuasive through applying the real Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of impact range data, but also establish a set of ETC data analysis process. We build the database of impact range of important constructions E. Comparative analysis and visualize them as the basis for long-term observation, and Tainan Park and Kaohsiung Park, a difference of nearly six trying to combine ETC data and urban planning by this study to times the number of employees, the number of passenger car is make effective suggestions. only about four times, because of better residential properties Tainan Park, a total of six interchanges analysis, research and transportation like free shuttle bus and train stations around results may be more biased. Because we cannot know whether Tainan Park. From the commuting time in evening there can be the cars went by system interchange always drive to Freeway found the same type, that is, every Friday will be early to get off No.8 interchanges exit freeway and arrive Tainan Park. In the work, other than weekdays, Monday to Thursday are between about 17:00 to 20:00. On Friday passenger cars from Tainan future it may use VD data for comparison. The VD data Park were even more than morning, seems that some provided by MOTC include the traffic flow from east to west employees stay around Tainan Park on weekdays and return freeway and provincial road, but it does not include the home on weekends, but in Kaohsiung Park there was no big direction, and the result of cross-comparison with ETC may be difference. more accurate. Follow-up this study can be coupled with buses and trucks of the situation, and complete the impact range of other science parks and comparative analysis. Other kinds of construction such as tourist spot and transport, recreation areas, airports and ports can be added to improve the impact range of the database.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Fig. 11 Total traffic volume of Weekday Commuting to and from We would like to thank Taiwan Area Freeway Bureau, MOTC Tainan Park and Kaohsiung Park (passenger car) R.O.C. and Institute of Transportation, MOTC R.O.C. for providing relevant information. VII. DISCUSSION There are still some research limitations in this study. One of REFERENCES limitations is that we cannot know the origin and destination of [1] Pai, J. T., Yueh, Y. J., and Lin, C. Y. (2000). Spatial Impacts of Chung-Sun Freeway on The Industrial Development In Taiwan's West the vehicles without the ETC identification stickers so that they Corridor. City and Planning, 27, No.22, 11-232. can not be included in this study. In addition, the use rate of [2] Lee, W. X., Wang K. H. and Lee Z. H. (2011), Freeway Electronic Toll ETC over the years and the number of users are different, to Collection System. Scientific development, 468, 26-31。 compare different years it may cause research errors if [3] Hu, S. J. and Yang H. H. (2009). Application of Time Series and Toll Station Simulation Mode in Demand Forecast and Lane Configuration of necessary in the future. And this study mainly discusses the Electronic Toll Ride: A Case Study of Taishan Toll Station. Journal of passenger cars inter-city, it cannot be analyzed if the cars took Transportation, 21, No. 2, 145-178. the province road, county road or general road. [4] Peng, S. C. (2007). My Opinion on Freeway Electronic Toll Collection System. Economic outlook, 109, 30-34. According to the analysis mentioned in [15], it can be [5] Lai, Y. H. (2012). The impact freeway users to explore the use of ETC concluded that the length of the commuter trip inter-city is behavior factors. Journal of Yuda University, 32, 51-64. about 20 to 50 km, and from Tuesday to Thursday across the [6] Luo, X. X., Wang, Y. Z., Song, Y. W., Hong, H. and Haung, J. L. (2015). living circle of travel trips, the usage rate of passenger cars used Research on the Application of e-Tag Technology. Urban Transport, 30, No.1, 87-102. for commuting and business is over 60%, it is persuasive for [7] Chen, X. X. (2012). The Influence of Freeway System Construction on this study. Besides, the highest volume of the purpose of trips Population and Industrial Spatial Distribution in Taiwan. Master of Land across Tainan and Kaohsiung City is about visiting relatives Economics, National Chengchi University. [8] Ye, Y. J. (2011). Study on Traveling Behavior of Car Driver in Freeway and friends (37.6%), followed by commuting to work (11.7%) Electronic Toll Collection System. Master of Civil Engineering, Jinan and business (21.4%), the proportion of commuting and Inter University. business is lower than visiting, which conflict to this study. One [9] Ye, Y. H. (2010). Study on Estimating Freeway Time - Dependent Travel Schedule from Electronic Toll Collection Information. Master of of the reasons is this study include the inner of Kaohsiung city. Transportation Management, Tamkang University. Reference [15] also can explain the volume of weekends

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