Letter from John Huske to Charles Townshend, 9 April 1767

APPENDIX A

SIR, The duty I proposed to lay upon wine from Spain, Portugal, and Italy directly to America was £7 per ton, which is the same as Mr. Gren• ville imposed upon wine from Madeira and the Azores to America in 1763. But if any wine of the produce of those countries should be re• exported from Great Britain to her colonies, then the drawback and duty was to be the same as the Act of 1763 specifies, which to the best of my memory was to leave no more than £4 per ton in England and to pay ten shillings per ton upon importation into America. This alteration of the duty was made with a view to encourage re-exportation from hence in preference to taking from foreign countries direct, if practicable, or more advantageous to the adventurer in any case that might possibly arise. I also proposed double said duties upon the wines of France, or any other country besides Spain, Portugal, and Italy. I also proposed three pence per gallon on olive oil, 2S. 6d. per cwt. on dried or preserved fruit, and 2/6 for every 100 of lemons or oranges from Europe, Madeira, the Canaries, and the Azores that should be im• ported into his Majesty's colonies. These duties were judged too high by Lord Rockingham; and that Administration had agreed to admit those articles into America direct from the place of their growth, at a much inferior duty, but I cannot recollect what rates they fixed. You may have them from Mr. Dowdeswell or from Mr. Rose Fuller, who took a copy of them at a meeting I was at on the occasion at Mr. Dowdeswell's. Or Mr. Cooper can give them to you. They are necessary for you to see, as they were communicated to the American agents and by them sent to America, or at least by some of them; but they were never proposed in the committee of supply, though Mr. Dowdeswell carried them to the House for that purpose, which was owing to the difficulties which arose about the free ports. Permit me to remark to you that it is certain that by a regulation of the trade of America for the reciprocal interest of both mother and children, you may have a sufficient revenue to pay all Great Britain's expence for her colonies and in a manner perfectly agreeable to both under your conduct; but be assured no regulation or measure that is to 188 CHARLES TOWNSHEND raise money can be agreeable or practicable in the continent colonies till you give them a currency. Till then you are demanding brick without straw. A bill for this purpose was drawn up by Mr. Franklin and myself last year; and I moved to bring it in with the seeming approbation of the Ministers; but Mr. Dyson and Lord Clare opposing it, though they knew not one tittle of the plan, or of the nature of a good or bad paper currency, nor never will know any more of it than I do of the Mogul's cabinet, it was carried to postpone it to this session, when to this moment nothing is brought into the House about it. I have been told today by a gentleman who said he had it from you, that you intended to impose a duty upon salt imported into America! Upon this ground and upon knowing that sometimes the greatest pilots may receive a useful hint from a passenger, permit me, sir, to assure you that a more fatal imposition to both Great Britain and her colonies could not be devised. And if ever it does take place it will have the same effect as an Act of Parliament to pluck out the eyes or to tear out the hearts of the people of America would have. I beg pardon, perhaps I have said too much. It is my business only to answer the questions you please to ask, and therefore I shall conclude with saying your account will be finished as soon as I can stand and move without assistance. \Vith the sincerest wishes for your health, honour, and happiness, I remain, with the greatest deference, Sir, Your most obedient humble servant, J. Huske St. Martin's Lane 9th April [Buccleuch MSS.] APPENDIX B

Preliminary draft of the Townshend duties

[This document, from the Buccleuch MSS., is undated and has no heading. It is docketed (not in Townshend's hand): 'Duties proposed for 1767 Mr. Touchet's writing.' The numbers seem to have been added by Touchet after the rest of the document was written.] [Sheet I] China NO.5 The whole drawback upon exportation to America being [blank in MS.] amounts to .•...... •... £8,000 Glass No.6 Upon exportation of white glass is Id. per lb. is drawn back upon green glass id. the former being valued at 6d. per lb. -}d. duty payable in America is 8 percent Green glass valued at 1id. per lb., 1 of a penny duty to be paid in America is also 8 per cent these duties upon what [?] is exported to the colonies will produce annually ..••..••...•..•••....•.... 5,000 Carried over £13,000 [Sheet2] Brought over •...... •....•...... 13,000 Paper NO.7 The excise in England is estimated as nearly as can be at 18 per cent all of which is drawn back upon exportation. CHARLES TOWNSHEND It is proposed to continue the drawback and to lay half the duties or 9 per cent upon importation into America, which will produce per annum ..•...•••..••••....•..•...•• 5,000 Red and white lead No.8 and painters' colours which are the produce of Britain and pay no duty upon exportation will very well bear 2S. per cent upon importation into Am• erica and on a moderate estimate will produce annually ...... •.....••••••••...... • 2,000

£20,000 [Sheet 3] Brought forward ...... •••••..•....• 20,000 Wines No. I. Britain consumes 16,000 tons per annum The British colonies may at least be supposed to contain 1 of the number of inhabitants who drink wine which is 4000 tons, whereof -£ have been legally imported from Britain and the Madeiras the remaining 1000 ton if permitted to entry will produce at the intended duty of £7 per ton ...... ••..••.•••.....•..•••• 7,000 Fruit of all sorts NO.2 there must be consumed 1000 tons at 2/6 per cent or 50 s. per ton ...... •.••.•...... •.•• 2,500

Carried over APPENDIX B [Sheet 4] Brought over ...... •...•••...... • 29,500 Oranges and lemons pay NO.3 in England 4d. per hundred upon importation, if permitted to America direct from Spain and Portugal they will bear the same duty and as punch is used there instead of beer the consumption may be supposed at half the quantity or [blank in MS.] thousands and will produce ...... • ...... 3,000

[Sheet 5] Brought over •.....•.•••..•..•...••••••.•••.• 32,500 Oil NO.4 It is computed that one fourth of the inhabitants or 500,000 persons in America consume oil with salt fish and sallads [sic] and that every such person uses at least one gallon per annum which 500,000 gallons or 1984 tons at £5 per ton amounts to ...... •...... •... £9,920 NO·9 It is proposed to lay the following small duties on capers Id. per lb. olives 3d. per gallon vinega-r 405. per ton [deleted] and cork wood IS. per hundredweight of the consumption whereof no accurate computation can be made and therefore shall state the produce of all these articles at the very moderate sum of ...... 1,000

Total APPENDIX C

List of Books by Sir Lewis N amier

THE following list of works by Sir Lewis N amier does not include articles, pamphlets, or reviews not subsequently republished in book form. 1929 The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III. Second edition, revised by the author, 1957. 1930 England in the Age of the American Revolution. Second edition, revised by Lady Namier and John Brooke, 1961. Intended as the first part of a multi-volumed work which was never completed. See Namier's foreword to John Brooke, The Chatham Administration, I766-I768 (1956). 1931 Skyscrapers A collection of essays on various aspects of modern European history. 1937 Additions and Corrections to Sir John Fortescue's Edition of the Correspondence of King George III (vol. I) 1939 In the Margin of History Essays, mainly on eighteenth-century British and nineteenth• century European history. 1942 Conflicts: Studies in Contemporary History 1944 I848: The Revolution of the Intellectuals An expanded version of the Raleigh Lecture, delivered to the British Academy. 1947 Facing East Essays, mainly on East European history. 1948 Diplomatic Prelude, I938-I939 A study ofthe diplomatic origins of the Second World War. 1950 Europe in Decay: A Study in Disintegration, I936-I940 Essays, supplementary to Diplomatic Prelude. 1952 Avenues of History Essays on British and European history. 1952 InthefVaziEra Essays, supplementary to Diplomatic Prelude and Europe in Decay. APPENDIX C 193 1955 Personalities and Powers Essays on British and European history. Includes the Romanes Lecture, Monarchy and the Party System, and the Creighton Lecture, Basic Factors in Nineteenth-Century European History (both published separately). 1958 Vanished Supremacies Volume I of The Collected Essays of Sir Lewis Namier. Essays on European history, 1812-1918. Includes The Downfall of the Habsburg Monarchy (contributed to A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, edited by H. W. V. Temperley), and essays from Skyscrapers, In the Margin of History, Facing East, Avenues of History, and Personalities and Powers. Does not include I848: The Revolution of the Intellectuals, or essays from Europe in Decay or In the Nazi Era.

POSTHUMOUS WORKS 1962 Crossroads of Power Volume II of The Collected Essays of Sir Lewis Namier. Essays on eighteenth-century England. Includes essays from Skyscrapers, In the Margin of History, Avenues of History, and Personalities and Powers; three essays not previously reprinted in book form; the Leslie Stephen lecture, Charles Townshend, also published separately; and the first three Ford Lectures (delivered in the University of Oxford in 1934 but never published). 1964 Charles Townshend 1964 The History of Parliament: The House of Commons, I754-I790 In 1951, when the plan of writing a biographical History of Parliament was revived, Namier became a member of the edi• torial board of the History of Parliament Trust and editor of the section 1754-1790. To this work he devoted the last years of his life, and on his death in 1960 was succeeded as editor by John Brooke. The section consists of three volumes and is expected to be published in 1964. It contains biographies of Members of Parliament, 1754-1790, accounts of the constituencies, appen• dices, and an introductory survey. Namier himself wrote about a quarter of the biographies and constituency accounts, but did not live to write the introductory survey. INDEX

Adderbury,94 Clive, Robert, 1st Lord, 158, 183 Albany Congress, 37-8 Coke, Lady Mary, 182, 184 Allen, John, 63 Colebrooke, Sir George, 1684) Anson, George, 1st Lord, 53 Conway, Henry Seymour, 119, 137, Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke 139-40,143,146-7, ISS, 157-8, 160, of,57-8 165-6, 168, 170, 172-3, 177, 180 Argyll, Jane, Duchess of, 34,44, 181 Crabb Boulton, Henry, 168 Crosse, Sir John, 66 Bacon, Anthony, 119 Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke Baker, William, 48, 49, lIS, 116, of, 48,50,73, 100, 109, 131-5, 137- 121 13 8 Barre, Isaac, 129 Cunliffe, Ellis, 64 Barrington, William Wildman, 2nd Viscount, 59-60, 66-7, 69 Dalkeith, Caroline, Countess of (wife Beckford, William, 49, 81, 114, 158- of Charles Townshend), 34-6, 44, 160, 163, 166 67,94, 104,181-4 Bedford, John Russell, 4th Duke of, Dalrymple, John, 57-8, 67 72, 124, 158, 183 Dartmouth, William Legge, 2nd Earl Bindley, John, 105-6, 111-13, 122, of, 139, 144 124,127-8 Dashwood, Sir Francis, 61, 71 Breton, William, 65 Dealtry, Dr., 12-13 Brocklesby, Richard, 99 Declaratory Act, 139-40, 146 Browne, William, 31-2, 48 Devonshire, William Cavendish, 4th Bruce, Thomas Brudenell Bruce, 1st Duke of, 45-6, 50-I, 53, 68, 73-4, Lord,33 77-8,84,108-9, III, 114,121 Brudenell, Robert, 33 Digby, Henry, 1st Lord, 137 Buccleuch, Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of, Dingley, Charles, 149-50 28,57,112 Dodington, George Bubb, 61 Burke, Edmund, 142 Dowdeswell, William, 16, 117, 129, Burke, William, 142 136, 139-40, 142, 151-3 Burrell, Peter, 97-8, lOS, 112 Dupplin, Thomas Hay, Viscount, Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of, 47,51- 49 52, 58, 61, 65-6, 68, 71-2, 74, 76, Dyson, Jeremiah, 169 79-80,85-6,90,93-6,100,120,124, 13 1 East India Co. Dividend Bill, 169- Byng, Admiral John, debate on his 172 court martial, 49 Edgcumbe, George, 3rd Lord, 157 Edinburgh, 57 Callington, 47-8 Edwardes, William, 62 Cambridge University, contest for Egmont, John Perceval, 2nd Earl of, High Steward of, 115-16, 119-20 40-1,132 Camden, Charles Pratt, 1st Lord, 155, Egremont, Charles Wyndham, 2nd 165,172 Earlo~77,85-7,95-6 Carlyle, Rev. Alexander, 16-17,58 Elibank, Patrick Murray, 5th Lord, 59 Carysfort, John Proby, 1st Lord, 97 Elliot, Gilbert, 59,122,182 Cider tax, 113 Ellis, Welbore, 85, 90-1 Clevland, John, 98 Erskine, Sir Henry, 72 INDEX Florida, 76, SO"-I Legge, Henry Bilson, 42, 59-60, 65, Fox, Henry, 1St Lord Holland, 41, 44, 67,74,83, 1°9,116 4S-<), 51, 53, 55, 69, 72-6, 7S-S2, Liverpool, 64 S4-6, 92-3, 120, 12S, 132-3, 137, Lyttelton, George, 1st Lord, 119, 132 159-60 Lyttelton, Richard, 46 Fuller, Richard, 31-2 Massachusetts Bay, 175, 178 Garth, Charles, 179 Mauduit, Jasper, 91-2 Gascoyne, Bamber, SI Maynard, Sir William, 156 George II, King, 49, 73 Meredith, Sir William, 64, 112, 130, George III, King, 60, 65, 6S, 70, 72, 141 77, SO"-I, S6--'7, 90, 92-3, 95--'7, 100, Metcalfe, Lascelles, 33 112, 131-3, 136, 13S, 146, 149,152, Militia, 48, 56, 117 154 Minorca inquiry, 48,53 Gower, Granville Leveson Gower, Morton, John, 125--'7 2nd Earl, 73, 93 Mutiny Bill, 40 Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of, 134, 136, 139-40, 142, Newcastle, Thomas Pelham HolIes, I 46-S, 150"-2, 155-6, 15S, 163-6, 1st Duke of, 27, 38, 41-3, 48,51-3, 16S,172,175-<),181 56, 59-60, 65-8, 70"-1, 73-4, 77-S, Granby, John Manners, Marquess of, 82-5, 108-9, 114-18, 121-2, 131, 67, JOo, 130, 166 133-4, 140, 143 Great Bedwyn, 33 Newdigate, Sir Roger, 141 Grenville, George, 42, 59, 67-73, 92- New York, 37, 39,175-8 93, 95-8, 110, 112-17, 120, 125-8, North, Frederick, Lord, 110, 165, 178 130"-1, 136, 138, 140, 147, ISS, 158, Norwich,47 164,173,176,180"-1,183 Nuthall, Thomas, 74 Grenville, James, 46, 109 Onslow, George, III, 113, 117, 131-2, Halifax, George Montagu Dunk, 2nd 166 Earl of, 27-8, 37-8, 43, 72-3, 77, Orford, George Walpole, 3rd Earl of, 95-8,112 47-8 Hardinge, Dr., 22, 25 Orford, Margaret, Countess of, 47- Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, 1St Earl of, 48 38,52,59-60, 115 Osborn, Sir Danvers, 37, 41 Hardwicke, Philip Yorke,2nd Earl of, Oswald, James, 93, 95-6 115,120, 143 Owen, Sir William, 62-4 Harwich,65-7 Oxfordshire,55 Hawke, Sir Edward, 166 Heberden, Dr. William, 8,12 Parker, Thomas, Viscount, 65 Home, John, 17 Pelham, Henry, 24-5,27 Hull,33 Pelham, Lady Katherine, 65 Hume Campbell, Alexander, 43, 49 Pelham, Thomas, 118 Huske, General, 33 Pembroke Boroughs, 62-4 Huske, John, 33, 105, 171, 174; his Philipps, Sir John, 62-4, 86 letter to Townshend on the Ameri• Pitt, William, 1st Earl of Chatham, I, can duties, IS7-8 41-3, 45-53, 55-6, 60, 69-71, 77-8, Hussey, Richard, 139 82-4, 91, 100, 107-10, 112, 116, 119-20, 124-5, 132-3, 136, 139, Jenkinson, Charles, 69, 124, 128, 165 146-60, 162-5, 172, 175 Johnstone, James, 16 Pole, Charles, 64 Portland, William Henry Cavendish Knox, William, 29 Bentinck, 3rd Duke of, 151 INDEX 197 Porto Rico, 75-6, 80 Townshend, Audrey (sister of Charles Portugal,71 Townshend), 1, 36,42 Powell, John, 133, 159 Townshend, Charles, 3rd Viscount Price, Chase, 99, 136--'] (father of Charles Townshend), 3, Prussia, 71 4-9,10-15,17-19,20--'],30,32,34- 36,87-8,102-3,113,116 Ramey, John, 31 Townshend, Charles, of lIoningham Regency Bill, 131 (cousin of Charles Townshend), 79- Rigby, Richard, 70, 73, 75, 83, 178, 80,83 183 Townshend, Charles, birth and Roberts, John, 65-6 parentage, 2; education, 3, 7-8; his Robinson, Sir Thomas, 25, 38,49 financial affairs, 4-6, 10-12, 13, 17, Rockingham, Charles Watson Went- 20-2, 24-6, 30, 32, 34-6, 159-60, worth, 2nd Marquess of, 1,84, III, 167, 184; studies for the Bar, 7; his 121, 13 1, 134-5, 137, 139, 143-4, ill-health, 2-3, 7-9, 11-13, 14-15, 152-3, 158, 165, 180-1 23, 25, 27, 44, 67, 69, 91, 99, 109, 142; leaves Cambridge, 11-13; at Sackville, Lord George, 51,173 Scarborough, 12-13; at Leyden, Saltash,48 13-17; his quarrel with James Sandwich, John Montagu, 4th Earl of, Johnstone, 16-17; at Lincoln's Inn, 115 17-19; enters Parliament, 20; called Savile, Sir George, 113 to the Bar, 20; gives up the Bar, 23; Schwartz, Professor, 14 aspires to office, 23--']; invited to Scottish Sheriffs-Depute Act, 41 second the Address, 25; appointed Selwyn, George Augustus, 122, 133 to the Board of Trade, 27; as a Shelburne, William Petty, 2nd Earl of, speaker, 28; on prose style, 28-9; 93, 95-8, 147, 155, 168, 172, 174, his way of seeking information, 29; 176--'] relations with his father, see Towns• Shelley, John, 118 hend, Charles, 3rd Viscount; rela• Sloper, William, 33 tions with his mother, see Towns• Stamp Act, 115, 129; repeal of, 138- hend, Audrey, Viscountess Towns• 142,146,173 hend; his early speeches, 29; on the Stanley, lIans, 71 Clandestine Marriage Bill, 29-30; Stepney, Sir Thomas, 62-3 plans to marry, 30; at the Board of Strange, James Smith Stanley, Lord, Trade, 31; appointed to the Ad• 86,96 miralty, 3 I; his marriage to Lady Sugar Act, 116-18 Dalkeith, 34-6; drafts instructions Sulivan, Laurence, 168, 171 to New York, 37, 41; consulted by Symonds, Sir Charles, on Towns• Newcastle on colonial policy, 38-40; hend's epilepsy, 3 his speech on the Mutiny Bill, 40-1 ; on the Scottish Sheriffs-Depute Taaffe, Theobald, 182-4 Act, 41 ; considered for the Treasury Talbot, William, 1st Earl, 45, 61 Board, 42; opposes Newcastle, 42- Temple, Richard Grenville, 2nd Earl, 43, 48-9; dismissed, 43; on the 45, 49-50, 112, 119-20, 133, 147, defence of America, 44-5; ap• 1 83 pointed Treasurer of the Chamber, Touchet, Samuel, 75, 106--'], 130, 159, 45--,]; invited to contest Norwich, 172, 174; his draft of the Towns• 47; elected for Saltash, 48; and hend duties, 189-91 Byng's court martial, 49; aspires to Townshend, Audrey, Viscountess become Secretary at War, 50, 59- Townshend (mother of Charles 61, 65; resigns from the Pitt• Townshend), 1,4-7,21-2,24-5,33, Devonshire Administration, 50-I; 35,53,60,79, 104 and the Pitt-Newcastle Administra- INDEX tion, S 1-'7; VISitS Scotland, S7--9; Cabinet, 1S S-6; discontented with suggested for Chancellor of the Ex• Chatham, 156-7; and the East India chequer, s9-6o; wishes to be peace Co., 158-'72; his speculations in plenipotentiary, 6o; a candidate for East India stock, 159-60, 167; Pembroke Boroughs, 62-4; for threatens to resign, 163; discloses Liverpool, 64; elected for Harwich, Cabinet proceedings, 16S-6; his 6S-'7; appointed Secretary at War, 'champagne speech', 169-71; his 66-7 ; attacks Grenville on the American duties, 173-5, 178--9, militia, 68; on the German war, 69- 187-91; his political intrigues, 17<)- 71; invited to visit Newcastle, 71; 184; his death, 184; summary of his relations with Bute, 71-2; con• career and character, 184-6. sidered for the Board of Trade, 73- Townshend, Edward (brother of 74,80-1,84-6; his American policy, Charles Townshend), I 73, 90-2, II4-17, II9, 129, 138-42, Townshend, George, 4th Viscount and 147, 172-9; veers towards Opposi• 1st Marquess Townshend (brother tion, 74-S; consulted on the peace of Charles Townshend), I, 5-6, treaty, 7S-7; his own account of his 41-2, 46--9, S2-3, 56, 60, 70, 79, 82, conduct, 77-8 ; attitude towards 91, 94, 99, 100, 102-3, 126, 130, Bute's Administration, 78-81; on 133, 135-'7, 149, 183-4 the peace treaty, 80-3; resigns the Townshend, Roger (uncle of Charles War Office, 82; courted by the Townshend),lo Opposition, 83-4; appointed First Townshend, Roger (brother of Charles Lord of Trade, 86-8; his concern Townshend), 1,33,36, 102 for the insane, 88--9; offered the Townshend, Thomas (uncle of Charles Admiralty, 93-8; and Lady Dal• Townshend), 9-10, 22 keith's peerage, 94, 97, 144-S, ISO, IS6, 181-2, 184; at Adderbury, 98- Vaughan, Wilmot, 71 99; criticizes the Grenville Ad• Verney, Ralph, 2nd Earl, 33 ministration, 99, 101; nominated by Viry, Count de, 64 Pitt for office, 100-1; his relations Waldegrave, James, 2nd Earl, 45-6, with women, 103-4; his family life, SO,73 104; his political friends, 104-7; in Walpole, Sir Edward, 31-2 opposition to the Grenville Ad• Walpole, Horace, 28-30, 36, 43, III, ministration, 108-23; negotiates for II4, 122, 154, 157 office, II 1-13, 124-3 I; and the con• Walpole, Thomas, 74, 84, II2, 122 test for High Steward of Cambridge Warren, Anne, 34 University, IIS-16, II9, 120; on the Warren, Sir Peter, 26 militia, I 17 ; his pamphlet on general West, James, 48--9 warrants, 121-3; his speech on the Westminster, 66 Stamp Act, 129; invited to take Wilkes, John, 16, 10<)-10 office by the Rockinghams, 131-2, Wogan, John, 63-4 133-'7, 138--9, 142-S; appointed Worsley, Thomas, 65 Paymaster-General, 132-3; on the repeal of the Stamp Act, 138- Yarmouth, Great, 20, 23-5, 31-2,42, 142; consulted by Rockingham on 48 American policy, 13<)-40; ap• Yorke, Charles, 26, 84, 109, II6, lI8 pointed Chancellor of the Ex• 123-4, 13 1, 134, 139 chequer, 147-S4; admitted to the Yorke, Joseph, 60