Tchaikovsky: 1812 Overture, Marche Slave, Moscow Cantata

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Tchaikovsky: 1812 Overture, Marche Slave, Moscow Cantata 1 S 8 M A U T A R 1 A R O T I 2 I H N N E C A S V V C K A T D A O Y L C N L E H A W S O R A KY O R Y IKOVS S C E V C GE ST S H HE RGIEV I O C S LO M R E TRA, SO A RTURE M 2 1812 OVERTURE MARIINSKY оркестр, солисты и хор ORCHESTRA, SOLOISTS AND CHORUS OF ЧаЙКОВскиЙ СОЧинЯет марш, Славянский марш на народно-славянский темы; во Мариинского театра THE MARIINSKY THEATRE По ЗАКАЗУ всяком случае, партитура была заказана для концерта в пользу леонид гаккель Славянского благотворительного комитета, снаряжавшего Дирижёр Валерий ГерГиеB CONDUCTOR VALERY GERGIEV русских добровольцев на балканы накануне освободительной На нашем диске записаны пять произведений Петра ильича войны сербов с Турцией и русско-турецкой войны. торжественная увертюра «1812 год», op. 49 14’36’’ 1812 Festival Overture, Op. 49 14’36’’ Чайковского, составляющих очевидное единство. атмосфера тех лет передана л.Н.Толстым в «анне карениной» (добровольцем в Сербию отправляется граф Вронский), кантата «Москва» “Moscow” Cantata ОНи НаПиСаНы ПО заказу. В этом нет ничего но Марш Чайковского запечатлевает патриотический Любовь Соколова, меццо-сопрано Lyubov Sokolova, mezzo-soprano зазорного, по заказу работало и работает большинство подъем соотечественников с теми увлекательностью и Алексей Марков, баритон Alexey Markov, baritone профессиональных композиторов: заказ означает спрос, он силой, которые доступны только музыке, особенно если I. Интродукция и Хор 5’09’’ p21 i. Introduction and Chorus 5’09’’ p21 материально выгоден, а сверх всего (или, может быть, прежде ее пишет великий композитор. II. Ариозо 2’36’’ p21 ii. Arioso 2’36’’ p21 всего) необходимость срочной работы дисциплинирует творческую волю и повышает тонус творчества. Другое Давно отмечено, что оркестровая пьеса Чайковского является III. Хор 1’43’’ p22 iii. Chorus 1’43’’ p22 дело, что в россии во времена Чайковского сочинения по не столько маршем, сколько большой музыкальной картиной, рисующей славянский мир 1870-х годов. На основе сербских IV. Монолог и хор 5’03’’ p22 iv. Monologue and Chorus 5’03’’ p22 заказу были сравнительной редкостью из-за любительского статуса многих, даже известных, авторов (во всяком случае народных песен создается композиция с очень четкой V. Ариозо 3’34’’ p23 v. Arioso 3’34’’ p23 членам «Могучей кучки» заказов, как правило, не делали). сюжетной структурой: «угнетение – сопротивление – битва – победа»; особенно замечательна начальная песенная тема с VI. Финал 5’15’’ p24 vi. Finale 5’15’’ p24 Чайковский даже и по этому признаку – в ряду других – выступает как первый российский мастер-профессионал; ее ярким национальным колоритом. кульминацией сочинения славянский марш, op. 31 10’12’’ Slavonic March (“Marche Slave”), Op. 31 10’12’’ вслед за ним двинется новое поколение композиторов, для стало звучание российского гимна. которых сочинение музыки по заказу станет обыкновением торжественный коронационный марш 5’02’’ Festival Coronation March 5’02’’ (Стравинский, Прокофьев). При этом замечу, что Петра Свидетель пишет о первом исполнении Славянского марша ильича по большей части тяготили заказные работы, но он, 5 ноября 1876 года в Москве: «…Публика поднялась на ноги, торжественная увертюра на датский Festival Overture on the Danish National многие повскакали на стулья… Чайковскому удалось устроить гимн, op. 15 11’04’’ Anthem, Op. 15 11’04’’ будучи профессионалом, соглашался на них, и результат оказывался вдохновляющим, из-под пера Чайковского то, что казалось в то время невозможным – внушительную выходила превосходная музыка. народную демонстрацию. … В зале многие плакали». если и Общее время 64 мин. 17 сек. Total duration 64m17s была «демонстрация», то не насильственная, а вызванная заказы были официальНыМи. Чайковский писал подлинным и глубоким волнением. «Многие плакали» – по случаю государственных и общественных событий, он с так можно откликаться на замечательную музыку, а не на андрей Петренко, главный хормейстер Andrei Petrenko, Principal Chorus Master политические призывы. лариса ларионова, концертмейстер Larisa Larionova, vocal preparation молодых лет стал государственным композитором, на него постоянно оглядывались, когда возникала необходимость Продюсер – Джеймс Маллинсон James Mallinson, producer музыкально отозваться на нужды российского общества торжественный коронационный марш для оркестра, 1883 инженеры звукозаписи – Джон Ньютон и Дирк Соботка John Newton & Dirk Sobotka, recording engineers и российской власти. его произведения были не только Чайковский вновь взялся писать в честь александра Третьего; заказ композитору был сделан по случаю коронационных запись 15 – 20 февраля 2009 Recorded 15 – 20 February 2009 мастерскими, но и доступными, приветливыми, способными торжеств в Москве. На этот раз он согласился через силу, в концертном зале Мариинского театра, Concert Hall of the Mariinsky Theatre, выразить всеобщее настроение соотечественников. Санкт-Петербург, россия St Petersburg, Russia тем более что приходилось прерывать работу над нелегко Государственные заказы делались Чайковскому с ведома и дававшейся оперой «Мазепа», но слишком важным было согласия царской семьи. известно, что он был любимым личное расположение царя (и его материальная поддержка), композитором александра Третьего, и его музыка чтобы не выполнить заказ в срок. сопровождала собой почти всю эпоху «царя-миротворца». Сам Петр ильич следовал монархическим традициям своего Партитура получилась нарядной и массивной, без особых сословного круга, его лояльность была безоговорочной и тонкостей – можно сказать, в характере самого александра недаром в четырех из пяти представленных здесь сочинений Третьего и уж, конечно, в полном соответствии с поводом. В цитируется гимн императорской россии «боже, царя храни». кульминационных моментах (дважды) звучит у тромбонов и тубы «боже, царя храни». торжественная увертюра на датский гимн для оркестра, ор.15, 1866 более представительного сочинения у Чайковского, заказана Чайковскому для торжеств по случаю пожалуй, не было. и вполне естественно, что он включил бракосочетания наследника престола (будущего императора Торжественный марш в программу своего чрезвычайно александра Третьего) и датской принцессы Дагмары (будущей обязывающего концерта на открытии зала «карнеги» в императрицы Марии Федоровны, матери последнего русского Нью-йорке 5 мая 1891 года. императора Николая Второго). Доверие композитору тем более показательно, что он был еще молодым человеком, только «Москва», кантата для солистов, хора и оркестра на слова начинавшим свой путь в русской музыке. По-видимому, а.н.Майкова, 1883 из желания сполна обнаружить свои возможности и свою Чайковский не обольщался относительно своего выучку, автор дал весьма сложную композицию с большим Торжественного марша. утешением служило лишь то, что количеством тем, их разработкой и соединениями. Главной одновременно он написал произведение куда больших остается величественная тема датского королевского гимна музыкальных достоинств – кантату «Москва». (кстати, это один из старейших государственных гимнов, исполняемый с 1780 года). Во второй половине увертюры Предлог и обстоятельства работы были те же: срочно начинает звучать российский гимн, причем его красивая требовалось сочинение в жанре кантаты для коронационных мелодия, сочиненная в 1833 году светским композитором торжеств. и вновь Петр ильич испытывает желание князем а.Ф.львовым, приобретает тонкие эмоциональные отказаться от заказа (по причине крайне сжатых сроков), но оттенки, например, проводится в миноре: уж не хотел ли оно преодолевается благодаря удовольствию от поэтического Чайковский очеловечить государственный символ или даже текста а.Н. Майкова и, конечно, из пиетета к царю. В указать на возможные превратности августейших судеб? результате «Москву» удалось полностью написать за две недели; она вновь обнаружила способность Чайковского к Не стоит удивляться признанию автора в том, что он очень поразительной творческой концентрации в ограниченных любит свою увертюру, ор.15, как и его позднейшей оценке временных и жанровых рамках. этого сочинения: «…По качеству музыки куда лучше “1812 года”» (имеется в виду широко известная увертюра, ор.49). Все Нерифмованные стихи Майкова, стилизованные под былину, тогдашнее композиторское умение и много искреннего чувства задают тон и темп кантаты (особенно ее хоровых частей). было вложено Чайковским в раннюю заказную партитуру. Перед нами панорама русской истории от основания Москвы до воцарения первого самодержца; яркие музыкальные славянский марш для оркестра, ор.31, 1876 акценты ставятся на монологе баритона (с панславистским Другие названия этой пьесы, принятые во времена текстом) и, разумеется, на финале, восхваляющем коронуемую Чайковского, – Сербский, Сербско-русский, русско-сербский чету. На этот раз обошлось без национального гимна, но 3 1812 OVERTURE MARIINSKY характер звучания вполне гимнический а если добавить П.и.ЧаЙКОВскиЙ TCHAIKOVSKY: COMMISSIONED A longstanding comment on this orchestral piece is that it is not сюда еще антураж первого исполнения (Грановитая палата леонид гаккель WORKS so much a march as a musical panorama portraying the Slavonic Московского кремля), то придется сказать, что ничего более Leonid Gakkel world of the 1870s. Serbian folksongs are used to create a precisely масштабного Чайковский не создавал. Петр ильич Чайковский родился 7 мая 1840 года в plotted and structured composition: oppression – resistance – Воткинске (Вятской губернии) в семье горного инженера. The five works by Tchaikovsky on this CD form a cohesive whole. battle – victory. The initial song theme coloured by its folksong Но он
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