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Human Resource Needs and Skill Gaps in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector in Tanzania

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Human Resource Needs and Skill Gaps in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector in Tanzania - DRAFT REPORT - Human Resource Needs and Skill Gaps in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector in Tanzania Submitted by Wineaster Anderson P. O. BOX 35558, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania E-mail: [email protected] Mob: +255 688 (754) 387250 “This document has been prepared for the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT); however it reflects the views only of its author, and the MoEVT cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.” May 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms ACOM- Azania College of Management CIOA - Cruise Indian Ocean Association CLIA - Cruise lines International Association CRS - Central Reservation System CTEs - Cultural Tourism Enterprises CWAM- College of African Wildlife Management GDS - Global Distribution Systems HAT - Hotel Association Tanzania HEIs- Higher Education Institutions ITTA - Intra-African Tourism and Travel Association JNIA - Julius Nyerere International Airport KIA - Kilimanjaro International Airport MICE- Meetings, Incentives, Conferencing and Exhibitions MNRT- Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism MoEVT- Ministry of Education and Vocational Training MoLFD- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development MoTTI - Ministry of Trade, Tourism and Investment MPRU - Marine Parks and Reserves Unit NACTE- National Council for Technical Education NCAA - Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority NCT - National College of Tourism PMS - Property Management Systems PPP - Public Private Partnerships SAUT - St. Augustine University of Tanzania STEP - Sustainable Tourism for Alleviating Poverty STHEP AF- Science Technology and Higher Education Additional Financing SUA - Sokoine University of Agriculture SUMATRA- Surface and Marine Transport Regulatory Authority TAA - Tanzania Airports Authority TACTO - Tanzania Association of Cultural Tourism Operators TAHOA - Tanzania Hunting Operators Association TANAPA- Tanzania National Parks Authority TAOA - Tanzania Air Operators Association TASOTA- Tanzania Association of Travel Agents TATO - Tanzania Association of Tour Operators TCAA - Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority TCT - Tourism Confederation of Tanzania TELMO- Establishment of Tertiary Education Labor Market Observatory THPAT- Tourism & Hospitality Professionals Association of Tanzania TIC - Tanzania Investment Centre TIC - Tanzania Investment Centre TNA - Training Needs Analysis TPA - Tanzania Ports Authority TPHA - Tanzania Professional Hunters Association Page i TTB - Tanzania Tourist Board TTGA - Tanzania Tour Guides Association TTSS - Tanzania Tourism Sector Survey TVET - Technical and Vocational Education and Training UDSM - University of Dar es Salaam UNECA - United Nations Economic Commission for Africa UNWTO - United Nations World Tourism Organization URT - United Republic of Tanzania VETA - Vocational Education and Training Authority VFR - Visiting Friends and Relatives VT- Vocational Training VTC - Vocational Training Centre WMAs - Wildlife Management Areas WMAs - Wildlife Management Areas WTTC- World Travel and Tourism Council YMCA- Young Men‟s Christian Association ZATI - Zanzibar Association of Tourism Investors ZATO - Zanzibar Association of Tour Operators ZCT - Zanzibar Commission for Tourism Page ii List of Tables Table 1.1: Respondent Characteristics – tourism business sector Table 1.2: Average customers and Business Capacity Table 2.1: Related national policy, legal and institutional framework Table 2.2: Responsibilities of Public and Private Partners for Tourism Sector Support Table 2.3: Donor Supported PPP Initiatives in Tourism Education and Skills Table 3.1: Framework for Mapping Skill Levels and Levels of Educational Qualification Table 4.1: Visitors and tourism receipts to Tanzania between 2006 and 2013 Table 4.2: International arrivals by purpose of visit, 2008-2013 Table 4.3: International visitors to NCAA and TANAPA, 2007-2013 Table 4.4: Major international markets for Tanzania, 2008 to 2013 Table 4.5: Number of licensed service providers in tourism 2008 - 2013 Table 4.6: Distribution of Accommodation Capacity in Zanzibar in 2014 Table 4.7: Scheduled and chartered air services in Tanzania, 2015 Table 4.8: Traffic movement statistics for 2012 and 2013 Table 4.9: Natural Parks by Size and Year of their Establishment Table 4.10: Evidences for the need for improved human resource quality in Tanzania Table 5.1: Occupational Profiles in various business sectors Table 5.2 Salary Levels across tourism and hospitality sector, as in May 2015 Table 5.3: Proportion of foreign workers across occupational levels Table 5.4: Specific Skills Gaps in Accommodation and Food and Beverage Sectors Table 5.5: Skills gaps in Transport Sector Table 5.6: Skills gaps in Travel Services and Attractions Table 5.7: skills gaps in business tourism sector Table 5.8: Skills shortage by Occupation and by Sub-Sector (Percentage of Surveyed Sample) Table 5.9: Number of licensed businesses in tourism between 2008 and 2014 with their projections in the next 10 years Table 5.10: Model for the effect of Tourists arrival on New Jobs Created Table 5.11: Number of employees by origin (n=148) Table 5.12: Projected human resource requirement 2015-2025 Table 5.13: Changes /Envisage New Occupations and the Related Skills Requirement Table 5.14: Skills required for existing employees across sub-sectors at different time frames Table 6.1: Types of Tourism Courses Offered at Different levels Table 6.2: Responsibilities of Public and Private Partners involved List of Figures Figure 1.1: Direct contribution of Tourism to Employment in Tanzania Figure 1.2: Distribution of Respondents in the fieldwork Figure 3.1: Mapping the Train Needs and Skills Gaps Figure 4.1: Organogram of Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism Figure 4.2: WMA Revenue from 2007-2012 Figure 4.3: Tourism Actors in Zanzibar Figure 4.4: International tourist arrivals to Zanzibar between 2000 and 2014 Figure 4.5: Leading source markets for Zanzibar between 1985 and 2013 Page iii Figure 4.6: Number of licensed accommodation facilities, 2008-2013 Figure 4.7: Count of tourists in hotels between 2007 and 2013 Figure 4.8: Ownership of Zanzibar accommodation establishments Figure 4.9: International arrivals by mode of transport, 2005 to 2013 Figure 4.10: Number of licensed tour operators between 2008 and 2013 Figure 4.11: Number of Tourism Training Institutions in Tanzania, 2014 Figure 5.1: Distribution of tourism workforce across occupational levels Figure 5.2: Levels of education qualification of workers in licensed tourism facilities Figure 5.3: Reasons for the existence of skill level gaps Figure 5.4: share of skills gaps by occupational levels Figure 5.5: Skill Gaps Common to all sub-sectors and occupational levels Figure5.6: Concerns in Relation to Training and Professional Development (Percent of the Surveyed Sample) Figure 5.7: Distribution of skills gaps across function areas of accommodation and food and beverages sectors Figure 5.8: Challenging Job Positions in Recruitment and Selection Processes Figure 5.9: Anticipated international tourist arrivals in the next 10 years Figure 5.10: Projected human resource requirement in tourism Table 5.11: Projected human resource requirement 2015-2025 Figure 5.12: Skills Required for Employees Figure 5.13: Future Training Needs according to training institutions Figure 5.14: Future Training Needs Figure 5.15: Proposed Skills Development Approaches Figure 5.16: Employee Skills Development Assistance Figure 5.17: Number of Interns trained per year Figure 6.1: Tourism Training/Education Institutions in Tanzania Figure 6.2: Trend of Students Enrolment Capacity and Graduates in Tourism Training Programmes (2005 - 2014) Figure 6.3: Tourism Programs by Zones Figure 6.4: Different Levels of Tourism Programmes offered Figure 6.5: Incentives for Providing Tourism Education and Training Figure 6.6: Constraints in Provision of Tourism Education and Training Figure 6.7: Personnel Assessment Figure 6.8: Training Facilities and Equipment Figure 6.9: Links with the Tourism Industry Figure 6.10: Proposed Tourism Training PPP Framework Figure 6.11 Proposed frameworks for planning, monitoring and forecasting training needs List of Boxes Box 4.1: Tanzania‟s Main Tourist Attractions Page iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms ....................................................................................................... i List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ iii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... iii List of Boxes.................................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................ ix Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... x PART ONE: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Justification for establishing Training Needs and Skill Gaps in Tourism .............................. 4 1.3 Objective of the Study ............................................................................................................
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