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From Custom to Code. a Sociological Interpretation of the Making of Association Football
From Custom to Code From Custom to Code A Sociological Interpretation of the Making of Association Football Dominik Döllinger Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Humanistiska teatern, Engelska parken, Uppsala, Tuesday, 7 September 2021 at 13:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Associate Professor Patrick McGovern (London School of Economics). Abstract Döllinger, D. 2021. From Custom to Code. A Sociological Interpretation of the Making of Association Football. 167 pp. Uppsala: Department of Sociology, Uppsala University. ISBN 978-91-506-2879-1. The present study is a sociological interpretation of the emergence of modern football between 1733 and 1864. It focuses on the decades leading up to the foundation of the Football Association in 1863 and observes how folk football gradually develops into a new form which expresses itself in written codes, clubs and associations. In order to uncover this transformation, I have collected and analyzed local and national newspaper reports about football playing which had been published between 1733 and 1864. I find that folk football customs, despite their great local variety, deserve a more thorough sociological interpretation, as they were highly emotional acts of collective self-affirmation and protest. At the same time, the data shows that folk and early association football were indeed distinct insofar as the latter explicitly opposed the evocation of passions, antagonistic tensions and collective effervescence which had been at the heart of the folk version. Keywords: historical sociology, football, custom, culture, community Dominik Döllinger, Department of Sociology, Box 624, Uppsala University, SE-75126 Uppsala, Sweden. -
The History of Offside by Julian Carosi
The History of Offside by Julian Carosi www.corshamref.org.uk The History of Offside by Julian Carosi: Updated 23 November 2010 The word off-side derives from the military term "off the strength of his side". When a soldier is "off the strength", he is no longer entitled to any pay, rations or privileges. He cannot again receive these unless, and until he is placed back "on the strength of his unit" by someone other than himself. In football, if a player is off-side, he is said to be "out of play" and thereby not entitled to play the ball, nor prevent the opponent from playing the ball, nor interfere with play. He has no privileges and cannot place himself "on-side". He can only regain his privileges by the action of another player, or if the ball goes out of play. The origins of the off-side law began in the various late 18th and early 19th century "football" type games played in English public schools, and descended from the same sporting roots found in the game of Rugby. A player was "off his side" if he was standing in front of the ball (between the ball and the opponents' goal). In these early days, players were not allowed to make a forward pass. They had to play "behind" the ball, and made progress towards the oppositions' goal by dribbling with the ball or advancing in a scrum-like formation. It did not take long to realise, that to allow the game to flow freely, it was essential to permit the forward pass, thus raising the need for a properly structured off-side law. -
History of Football at Cambridge
CUAFC 03.10.12:Layout 1 03/10/2012 06:38 Page 1 Cambridge University Press v Cambridge University Wednesday 3rd October 2012, 7.30pm at The GlassWorld Stadium, Histon Football Club Official Programme £1.00 CUAFC 03.10.12:Layout 1 03/10/2012 06:38 Page 2 20 YEARS BOOKSHOP 1992–2012 Wishing you all the best for a fantastic season 1 TTrinityrinityr Street Cambridge CCB2 1SZ Phone 01223 333333 wwwwww.cambridge.org/bookshop.cambridge.org/boookshop FollowFollow us on FacebookFacebook and TwitterTwittter CUAFC 03.10.12:Layout 1 03/10/2012 06:38 Page 3 Welcome t is with great pleasure that we The team itself has some welcome the officials, players new players, but the first Iand supporters of the University team will include many of Cambridge Football Club players from last season, (CUAFC) for what will be the first who are looking forward to fixture against them at the a long, enjoyable and Glassworld Stadium, the home of successful campaign. Histon FC. CUPFC has had a very We hope that this will become an good start to the season in annual ‘friendly’ fixture between the Thurlow Nunn Division the two teams, which will be 1 league and in the FA useful for both of us. We hope that Vase (nine wins in nine games) season. you will enjoy the facilities on and so the players and officials are offer as well as the game. in very good spirits as they We do try to provide a top-level approach what will, I’m sure, be a service to all concerned, but please CUPFC has a new manager this very competitive game this do let us know if you think we season. -
Onside: a Reconsideration of Soccer's Cultural Future in the United States
1 ONSIDE: A RECONSIDERATION OF SOCCER’S CULTURAL FUTURE IN THE UNITED STATES Samuel R. Dockery TC 660H Plan II Honors Program The University of Texas at Austin May 8, 2020 ___________________________________________ Matthew T. Bowers, Ph.D. Department of Kinesiology Supervising Professor ___________________________________________ Elizabeth L. Keating, Ph.D. Department of Anthropology Second Reader 2 ABSTRACT Author: Samuel Reed Dockery Title: Onside: A Reconsideration of Soccer’s Cultural Future in the United States Supervising Professors: Matthew T. Bowers, Ph.D. Department of Kinesiology Elizabeth L. Keating, Ph.D. Department of Anthropology Throughout the course of the 20th century, professional sports have evolved to become a predominant aspect of many societies’ popular cultures. Though sports and related physical activities had existed long before 1900, the advent of industrial economies, specifically growing middle classes and ever-improving methods of communication in countries worldwide, have allowed sports to be played and followed by more people than ever before. As a result, certain games have captured the hearts and minds of so many people in such a way that a culture of following the particular sport has begun to be emphasized over the act of actually doing or performing the sport. One needs to look no further than the hours of football talk shows scheduled weekly on ESPN or the myriad of analytical articles published online and in newspapers daily for evidence of how following and talking about sports has taken on cultural priority over actually playing the sport. Defined as “hegemonic sports cultures” by University of Michigan sociologists Andrei Markovits and Steven Hellerman, these sports are the ones who dominate “a country’s emotional attachments rather than merely representing its callisthenic activities.” Soccer is the world’s game. -
Student Handbook 2020–21 Award-Bearing Courses – Postgraduate
Student Handbook 2020–21 Award-bearing courses – Postgraduate 1 Front cover photo courtesy of iStock.com/fizkes The information in this handbook relates to postgraduate award-bearing courses for non- matriculated students (i.e. those who are not members of a Cambridge College) at the Institute of Continuing Education in the academic year 2020-21. If you require this handbook in an alternative format please email [email protected] 1 Contents 1 Studying with the University of Cambridge Institute of Continuing Education ................. 5 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 1.2 About ICE qualifications .......................................................................................... 5 1.3 Student commitment and attendance ...................................................................... 5 1.4 Student Charter ...................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Table 1: Student Charter ......................................................................................... 7 1.6 Academic credit and university-level study .............................................................. 8 1.7 Table 2: Qualifications of the University of Cambridge offered through ICE ............ 9 1.8 Transferable skills ................................................................................................. 10 1.9 Feedback from students....................................................................................... -
Reading Worksheet: the First Football Rules
The First Football Rules: Reading Worksheet Modern football began in English public (private) schools in the early 1800s. At Eaton and Harrow ‘houses’ or teams competed against each other. From the 1840s house teams begam wearing different coloured shirts. Many of the football-playing schoolboys went on to the two English universities: Oxford and Cambridge. The problem was that students from the different schools played with different rules and regulations. Cambridge Rules In 1848 Cambridge University introduced a common set of rules. After every goal the teams changed ends. You could catch the ball if it came directly from another player's foot. You could not touch the ball coming from the direction of your own goal until an opponent touched it. The Cambridge Rules included two key concepts. The first was the idea of the ‘foul’ and ‘foul play’. The other was that the ball was only ‘in play’ inside a defined area called the pitch. Sheffield Rules In 1857 Sheffield FC started. It is the oldest surviving football club in the world. Sheffield played with the Cambridge rules but made changes: Pushing with the hands was permitted. Kicking, tripping and running with the ball in the hands was not allowed. There was no limit on the number of players, or the size and shape of ball. There were no referees. The two team captains settled any dispute. Each player wore a cap. One team wore red caps and the other wore blue. Quick Check: True or False? 1. Organised team football was first played at the universities. 2. -
A Spatial Analysis of Interscholastic Soccer in the United States I I
A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF INTERSCHOLASTIC SOCCER IN THE UNITED STATES I I By ~1ICHAEL WILLIAM JOHNSON " j Bachelor of Science South Dakota State University Brookings, South Dakota 1974 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December, 1978 w~;~ !078 J~8~ cop.~ A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF INTERSCHOLASTIC SOCCER IN THE UNITED STATES Thesis Approved: ~ ~~~: ::::::::=::=::~ ~ - ({) ea~ 17~17~~~-Dean of the Graduate College i i PREFACE This thesis was concerned with the diffusion and spatial varia tions of interscholastic soccer in the United States. The primary objective is to analyze the recent growth and areal differentiation of soccer and to determine the significance of the sport in American high sc hoo 1s . My sincerest gratitude is extended to my major adviser, Dr. John F. Rooney, Jr., whose expertise and sage advice was of immeasurable assistance in the completion of this paper. I would also like to express my appreciation to Dr. Robert E. Norris and Dr. George 0. Carney, whose interest and encouragement did not go unnoticed. A special tribute is due Donald Wade and Gayle Maxwell, who are largely responsible for the cartographies contained in this thesis. Their contributions are deeply appreciated. To Linda Allred, who managed to coalesce this thesis into a coherent text, I convey my thanks. Ultimately, I wish to acknowledge all those members of the faculty and my friends who have made it a pleasurable experience during my graduate residency. Without their presence and occasional Friday night donations, I may have cashed in my chips long ago. -
Faith in Cambridge
Michaelmas own 2005 n w Issue 5 o gr s' aduate The University of Cambridge Magazine for Graduate Students Faith in Cambridge Plus... The Ghost of Technology Past What to wear this winter The Geek Test: How do you score? © Jane Ding © 2005 Accenture All rights reserved. rights All Accenture 2005 Your vision:To find out just how far a career with us will take you. Our promise: A world of opportunities. Every four hours an Accenture system goes live. It makes you think. Graduate careers in consulting At Accenture, we’re one of the world’s you’ll work with the very latest If you’re genuinely interested in leading management consulting, technology and talented colleagues business and technology, expect to technology services and outsourcing to advise a broad spectrum of achieve a 2:1 degree and have 24/300 companies. In fact, we employ more organisations on how to improve UCAS points, we can offer you a truly Cambridge in London – Investment Banking Day than 115,000 people across some their technology and processes or put exceptional career. 48 countries – each playing their huge strategic change programmes A select number of students from the University of Cambridge will have the opportunity to spend a day at Deutsche Bank’s head office in London. You will take part in an exciting selection of learning part in delivering the innovation in place. All of which makes ours a proposition activities and meet a wide range of investment banking professionals. that helps our clients become high- that’s well worth thinking about. -
International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
2019, volume 69, issue 1A, pages S1–S111 International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Prokaryotic Code (2008 Revision) Charles T. Parker1, Brian J. Tindall2 and George M. Garrity3 (Editors) 1NamesforLife, LLC (East Lansing, Michigan, United States) 2Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (Braunschweig, Germany) 3Michigan State University (East Lansing, Michigan, United States) Corresponding Author: George M. Garrity ([email protected]) Table of Contents 1. Foreword to the First Edition S1–S1 2. Preface to the First Edition S2–S2 3. Preface to the 1975 Edition S3–S4 4. Preface to the 1990 Edition S5–S6 5. Preface to the Current Edition S7–S8 6. Memorial to Professor R. E. Buchanan S9–S12 7. Chapter 1. General Considerations S13–S14 8. Chapter 2. Principles S15–S16 9. Chapter 3. Rules of Nomenclature with Recommendations S17–S40 10. Chapter 4. Advisory Notes S41–S42 11. References S43–S44 12. Appendix 1. Codes of Nomenclature S45–S48 13. Appendix 2. Approved Lists of Bacterial Names S49–S49 14. Appendix 3. Published Sources for Names of Prokaryotic, Algal, Protozoal, Fungal, and Viral Taxa S50–S51 15. Appendix 4. Conserved and Rejected Names of Prokaryotic Taxa S52–S57 16. Appendix 5. Opinions Relating to the Nomenclature of Prokaryotes S58–S77 17. Appendix 6. Published Sources for Recommended Minimal Descriptions S78–S78 18. Appendix 7. Publication of a New Name S79–S80 19. Appendix 8. Preparation of a Request for an Opinion S81–S81 20. Appendix 9. Orthography S82–S89 21. Appendix 10. Infrasubspecific Subdivisions S90–S91 22. Appendix 11. The Provisional Status of Candidatus S92–S93 23. -
History: the Global Sport and the Making of Globalization
Giulianotto-3852-Ch-01:Giulianotto-3852-Ch-01.qxp.qxp 2/5/2009 1:00 PM Page 1 1 History: The Global Sport and the Making of Globalization Introduction The historical interpretation of the world in general, and of global football in particular, raises specific problems regarding method and perspective. The writing of ‘world history’ became particularly prominent in the late nine - teenth and early twentieth centuries, but inclined strongly towards a rather Western-centric perspective. From the 1970s onwards, as ‘global history’ developed as a counterpoint, greater attention was directed towards hitherto marginalized voices and non-Western societies (Robertson 1992: 29–30, 1997; Schafer 2006). Similar trends have arisen within football studies, wherein relatively national or Eurocentric histories have been displaced by studies that chronicle and indeed celebrate the historical diversity and socio- cultural complexity of the ‘global game’ (cf. Walvin 1994; Armstrong and Giulianotti 1997, 1998a, 2001, 2004; Goldblatt 2004, 2006; Lanfranchi et al. 2004). The distinction between world and global history has noteworthy par - allels in the way in which ‘globalization’ has been understood by particu - lar analysts. Paralleling the ‘world history’ model, some analysts tie globalization historically to the emergence and international diffusion of Western modernization – notably capitalism, industrialism and bureau - cratization – from the nineteenth century onwards (cf. Giddens 1990; Scholte 2005). We might call this the ‘world globalization model’. -
Strategy for Sport 2017-2022
Strategy for Sport 2017-2022 “I love doing “I love sport for three reasons: the fitter I sport because am, the healthier I am, even more valuable for a disabled person; the competition, it’s really good however poor, is great fun, and with for you.” imagination most sports can be adapted to make them competitive regardless of – Charlotte, age 4 abilities; and I love the camaraderie and friendship that playing with like-minded people generates.” – John, community member, age 55 (participates in community, club and national level sports) “I enjoy the camaraderie that comes from being in a team and the sense “It’s mentally and physically of achievement that challenging, and makes me accompanies mastering feel happy.” a new skill or winning a – Kate, Squash Player” match.” – Student College Sport Team Member “For the moment when you’ve been “Sport at Cambridge is an integral part practising the same of my university experience. Having the opportunity to excel simultaneously in thing over and sport and academia is rare, and Cambridge over, and then you University offers a great place for me to finally get it.” pursue this.” – Lance Tredell, 2016 Boat Race winner – – Student from DanceSport CUBC President 2016/2017 “I can have a positive Playing badminton focuses influence on people’s my mind, removing any stress or thoughts I might lifelong involvement have been dwelling on, in sport.” allowing me to thoroughly – James Powley, age 44, Coach enjoy the moment.” – Alasdair, Badminton Captain Introduction The contribution of sport to University life cannot be underestimated. Sport – whether for major titles or for simple enjoyment - provides a unifying activity for students and staff from all academic disciplines. -
Harvest 2018
“Don't cry because it's over. Smile because it happened” - Dr Seuss The East Malling Brownies For girls aged 7 - 10 years - Why not come along and join us for lots of fun and adventures! We meet every Tuesday during term-time Contact: Dawn Archer 01634 681606 Bell ringing practice! We practise every Thursday 8pm at St. James the Great Church Everyone is welcome to come along and join us. We look forward to meeting you, Please ask for Sue Payne Do you enjoy singing? Could you sing in our St James` Church Choir? We practise every Friday at St James the Great Church For more details please contact: Belinda 01732 843319 Blacklands Scouts Group Mill Street, East Malling. Scouting activities and lots of fun for Boys and Girls aged 5 to14 yrs. We meet in our own hut at the rear of Vigor Close - *Cubs 8-10yrs *Beavers 5-8yrs *Scouts 10-14yrs please contact:- Group Scout Leader :- Elaine Greenwood 07813 675370 [email protected] Local Events Coming Soon! Heritage Weekend at St. James the Great Church. Open on 8th September 10 am until 5pm. Why not come along and visit your beautiful Church on Heritage Weekend! You can view and photograph its glorious stained glass windows, the 14th century font still used today for baptisms and many other unique and rare features. Could you find and correctly count all five of the carved mice on the woodworks? Also there`s an opportunity to look into the past about local family and friends in the extensive and informative records.