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Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael” CORPORACIÓN NACIONAL FORESTAL - CONAF CENTRO EULA-CHILE. UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIÓN Plan de Manejo “Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael” CONAF, Región de Aysén 2018 Plan de Manejo Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael – CONAF Región de Aysén Introducción plan de Manejo Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael El Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael fue creado en el año 1959 mediante decreto supremo presidencial, comprendiendo actualmente un vasto territorio de más de dos millones de hectáreas que alterna entre paisajes oceánicos, montañosos y planicies incluyendo las enormes extensiones de terrenos que comprenden la península de Taitao, la famosa Laguna San Rafael (que le entrega su nombre al Parque Nacional), gran cantidad de fiordos y valles boscosos, además de la totalidad de los Campos de Hielo Norte. Es Importante recalcar que este Parque Nacional no solo considera porciones terrestres de los paisajes descritos sino que también considera una importante extensión marina de vital importancia para el equilibrio ecosistémico de esta unidad del SNASPE. Numerosos son los estudios de distinta índole que se han realizado en el Parque, la mayoría de ellos desarrollados por científicos y profesionales tanto nacionales como extranjeros. Todo ello motivado por el incalculable valor de ésta Área Protegida en varias ramas de la ciencia. Debido a su extensión y composición, influye en el funcionamiento del sistema climático terrestre a nivel global, su geografía es de gran interés y objeto de estudio actual, especialmente en este momento en que nos encontramos ante un escenario de Cambio Climático. Respecto a esta última variable un adecuado manejo del Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael puede incidir tanto en el nivel de captura de los gases de efecto invernadero, como a establecer parámetros descriptivos y analíticos que en un futuro permita mensurar los efectos de estas variaciones en nuestro planeta, especialmente si analizamos fenómenos ligados a su inmenso campo de hielo, geomorfología y variadas formaciones vegetales presentes. Su importancia económica dentro de la Región de Aysén tampoco es despreciable ya que actúa como foco de atracción turística tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Históricamente ha sido difícil mensurar el flujo turístico existente hacia el Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael, debido al enorme perímetro existente y la imposibilidad de tener el control total del ingreso hacia él. Este es pues un punto importante también a tratar en el presente documento, donde además de estudiar las características geográficas y ecológicas, se realizará un esfuerzo por configurar la nueva dinámica administrativa de la unidad considerando las nuevas posibilidades de acceso que brindan el avance y mejoramiento de las vías terrestres hacia él. Corporación Nacional Forestal CONAF -Centro de Cs. Ambientales EULA-Chile Plan de Manejo Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael – CONAF Región de Aysén Tabla de contenido Introducción plan de Manejo Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael ................................................ 2 Ubicación Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael: .................................................................................. 6 Organización del proceso de Elaboración del Plan de Manejo del Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael:.................................................................................................................................................. 7 Criterios de definición del Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael con respecto a su entorno: ............. 9 Zonas de Influencia: ...................................................................................................................... 11 Zona de Influencia Sociocultural y Económica: ............................................................................. 11 Zona de Influencia Ecológica: ........................................................................................................ 11 Compilación y análisis de instrumentos legales: ............................................................................... 14 Tabla Resumen de Instrumentos legales Nacionales .................................................................... 18 Instrumentos Legales Internacionales .......................................................................................... 19 Tabla Resumen de Instrumentos legales Internacionales ............................................................ 22 Compilación y análisis de Estrategias y Políticas: .......................................................................... 23 Tabla Resumen de Estrategias y Políticas ..................................................................................... 26 Compilación y Análisis de Instrumentos Técnicos: ....................................................................... 27 Objetivos y Origen del Área Protegida: ............................................................................................. 27 Diagnóstico general del entorno Sociocultural y Económico: .......................................................... 28 Elaboración de Análisis territorial (Etapa B)...................................................................................... 29 Introducción Etapa B ......................................................................................................................... 30 1 ANTECENDENTES GENERALES DEL PARQUE ............................................................................. 30 1.1 IMPORTANCIA DEL ÁREA ................................................................................................... 30 1.2 UBICACIÓN ÁREA DE ESTUDIO .......................................................................................... 31 2 UNIDADES HOMOGÉNEAS DEL PARQUE NACIONAL LAGUNA SAN RAFAEL ............................. 32 2.1 TIPOLOGÍA UNIDADES HOMOGÉNEAS .............................................................................. 32 2.2 DEFINICIÓN DE CLASES ...................................................................................................... 33 2.2.1 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA ECOSISTEMAS ...................................................................... 33 2.2.2 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE COMUNIDADES VEGETALES ........................................... 37 2.2.3 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE BIOTOPOS FAUNÍSTICOS ................................................ 49 2.2.4 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE GEOMORFOLOGÍA .......................................................... 66 2.2.5 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE EROSIÓN ......................................................................... 88 2.2.6 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE PENDIENTES .................................................................... 90 2.2.7 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE RECURSOS CULTURALES ................................................. 92 2.2.8 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE OCUPACIÓN .................................................................... 99 2.2.9 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE PAISAJE ......................................................................... 102 2.2.10 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE ACCESOS ....................................................................... 116 Corporación Nacional Forestal CONAF -Centro de Cs. Ambientales EULA-Chile Plan de Manejo Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael – CONAF Región de Aysén 2.2.11 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE SUBCUENCAS ................................................................ 128 VALORACIÓN DE CRITERIOS DE LAS UNIDADES HOMOGÉNEAS ..................................................... 139 2.3 TIPOLOGÍA DE CRITERIOS ................................................................................................ 139 3.1 VALORACIÓN DE CLASES ................................................................................................. 141 3.1.1 VALORACIÓN DE UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA ECOSISTEMAS ........................................ 141 3.1.2 VALORACIÓN DE UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA COMUNIDAD VEGETAL .......................... 147 3.1.3 VALORACIÓN DE UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA BIOTOPOS FAUNÍSTICOS ........................ 163 3.1.4 VALORACIÓN DE UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA GEOMORFOLOGÍA ................................. 174 3.1.5 VALORACIÓN DE UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA EROSIÓN ................................................ 175 3.1.6 VALORACIÓN DE UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA PENDIENTES ........................................... 177 3.1.7 VALORACIÓN DE UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA RECURSOS CULTURALES ........................ 179 3.1.8 VALORACIÓN DE UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA OCUPACIÓN ........................................... 185 3.1.9 VALORACIÓN DE UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA PAISAJE ................................................... 188 3.1.10 VALORACIÓN DE UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA ACCESOS ................................................ 194 3.1.11 VALORACIÓN DE UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA SUBCUENCAS ......................................... 196 4 BIBLIOGRAFÍA (Etapa B). ......................................................................................................... 205 5 ANEXOS ................................................................................................................................... 215 5.1 ANEXO UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE COMUNIDADES VEGETALES ..................................... 215 5.2 ANEXOS UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA BIOTOPOS .................................................................... 233 5.3 ANEXOS UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE GEOMORFOLOGÍA .................................................. 246 5.4 ANEXOS UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE RECURSOS CULTURALES ......................................... 292 5.5 ANEXOS UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE SUBCUENCAS .......................................................... 297 PROGRAMAS DE MANEJO ..............................................................................................................
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