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Pablo L. Peri Guillermo Martínez Pastur Laura Nahuelhual Editors Natural and Social Sciences of Patagonia Pablo L. Peri Guillermo Martínez Pastur Laura Nahuelhual Editors Ecosystem Services in Patagonia A Multi-Criteria Approach for an Integrated Assessment Natural and Social Sciences of Patagonia Series Editors Flavio Quintana, IBIOMAR, National Scientific and Technical Research, Puerto Madryn, Argentina Luciano J. Avila, IPEEC, National Scientific and Technical Research, Puerto Madryn, Argentina Rolando González-José, IPCSH, National Scientific and Technical Research, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina Sandra J. Bucci, INBIOP, National Scientific and Technical Research, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina Despite being an underpopulated region, Patagonia has attracted the attention of scientists since the very beginning of its settlement. From classical explorers such as Darwin or D’Orbigny, to modern science including nuclear and satellite developments, several disciplines have focused their efforts on unraveling Patagonia’s natural and social history. Today, scientific and technological research is shifting from being shaped by northern agendas, towards more locally oriented objectives, such as the management of natural resources, the modernization of energy production and distribution, and the coexistence of rural and cosmopolitan social lifestyles. At the intersection of all these topics, new conflicts concerning the economy, human development, population, and the proper and long-standing planification and management of the landscape and its natural resources have emerged. These conflicts, of course, have also caught the attention of many interdisciplinary research groups. This series is aimed at describing and discussing various aspects of this complex reality, but also at bridging the gaps between the scientific community and governments, policymakers, and society in general. The respective volumes will analyze and synthesize our knowledge of Patagonian biodiversity at different scales, from alleles, genes and species, to ecosystems and the biosphere, including its multilevel interactions. As humans cannot be viewed as being separate from biodiversity, the series’ volumes will also share anthropological, archaeological, sociological and historical views of humanity, and highlight the wide range of benefits that ecosystems provide to humanity including provisioning, regulating and cultural services. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/16384 Pablo L. Peri Guillermo Martínez Pastur • Laura Nahuelhual Editors Ecosystem Services in Patagonia A Multi-Criteria Approach for an Integrated Assessment Editors Pablo L. Peri Guillermo Martínez Pastur National Agricultural Technology Institute Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Río Gallegos, Argentina Científicas y Técnicas Centro Austral de Investigaciones Laura Nahuelhual Científicas y Técnicas Instituto de Economía Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina Universidad Austral de Chile Centro de Investigación: Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera Valdívia, Chile ISSN 2662-3463 ISSN 2662-3471 (electronic) Natural and Social Sciences of Patagonia ISBN 978-3-030-69165-3 ISBN 978-3-030-69166-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69166-0 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents 1 Ecosystem Services as a Tool for Decision- Making in Patagonia . 1 Pablo L. Peri, Laura Nahuelhual, and Guillermo Martínez Pastur 2 Assessment of Provisioning Ecosystem Services in Terrestrial Ecosystems of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina . 19 Yamina Micaela Rosas, Pablo L. Peri, and Guillermo Martínez Pastur 3 Grazing Management and Provision of Ecosystem Services in Patagonian Arid Rangelands . 47 Gastón R. Oñatibia 4 Synergies and Trade-Offs Among Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity in Different Forest Types Inside and Off- Reserve in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina . 75 Josela Carrasco, Yamina Micaela Rosas, María Vanessa Lencinas, Andrés Bortoluzzi, Pablo L. Peri, and Guillermo Martínez Pastur 5 Shrubland Management in Northwestern Patagonia: An Evaluation of Its Short- Term Effects on Multiple Ecosystem Services . 99 Matías G. Goldenberg, Facundo J. Oddi, Juan H. Gowda, and Lucas A. Garibaldi 6 Silvopastoral Systems in Northern Argentine-Chilean Andean Patagonia: Ecosystem Services Provision in a Complex Territory . 115 Verónica Chillo, Ana H. Ladio, Jaime Salinas Sanhueza, Rosina Soler, Daniela F. Arpigiani, Carlos A. Rezzano, Andrea G. Cardozo, Pablo L. Peri, and Mariano M. Amoroso 7 Ecosystem Services Values of the Northwestern Patagonian Natural Grasslands . 139 Luciana Ghermandi and Sofía L. Gonzalez v vi Contents 8 The Ecosystem Services Provided by Peatlands in Patagonia . 155 Rodolfo J. Iturraspe and Adriana B. Urciuolo 9 Restoration for Provision of Ecosystem Services in Patagonia-Aysén, Chile . 187 Carlos Zamorano-Elgueta and Paulo C. Moreno 10 The North American Beaver Invasion and the Impact Over the Ecosystem Services in the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago . 213 Alejandro Huertas Herrera, Mónica D. R. Toro Manríquez, María Vanessa Lencinas, and Guillermo Martínez Pastur 11 Social Links for a Nexus Approach from an Ecosystem Services Perspective in Central-East Patagonia . 227 Virginia Alonso Roldán 12 Salmon Farming: Is It Possible to Relate Its Impact to the Waste Remediation Ecosystem Service? . 249 Sandra L. Marín, Ángel Borja, Doris Soto, and Daniela R. Farias 13 Using the Ecosystem Services Approach to Understand the Distributional Effects of Marine Protected Areas in the Chilean Patagonia . 271 María José Brain and Laura Nahuelhual 14 Sociocultural Valuation of Ecosystem Services in Southern Patagonia, Argentina . 287 Pablo L. Peri, Santiago Toledo, Yamina M. Rosas, Leonardo Huertas, Evangelina Vettese, and Guillermo Martínez Pastur 15 Looking Beyond Ecosystem Services Supply: Co-production and Access Barriers in Marine Ecosystems of the Chilean Patagonia . 307 Ximena Vergara, Alejandra Carmona, and Laura Nahuelhual 16 Ecosystem Services and Human Well- Being: A Comparison of Two Patagonian Social-Ecological Systems . 335 Luisa E. Delgado, Ignacio A. Marín, and Víctor H. Marín 17 Urban Planning in Arid Northern Patagonia Cities to Maximize Local Ecosystem Services Provision . 349 Luciano Boyero, Leonardo Datri, Micaela Lopez, Clara Rodríguez Morata, Mario Robertazzi, Hernán Lopez, Maira Kraser, Tamara Canay, Juan Valle Robles, and Silvia Matteucci 18 Land Size, Native Forests, and Ecosystem Service Inequalities in the Rural Chilean Patagonia . 379 Cristobal Jullian and Laura Nahuelhual Contents vii 19 Imaginaries, Transformations, and Resistances in Patagonian Territories from a Socio-Ecological Perspective . 397 Pedro Laterra, Laura Nahuelhual, Mariana Gluch, Pablo L. Peri, and Guillermo Martínez-Pastur 20 The Challenges of Implementing Ecosystem Services in the Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia . 429 L. Nahuelhual, C. Minaverry, P. Laterra, F. Henríquez, L. Delgado, and G. Martínez Pastur 21 Natural Capital and Local Employment in Argentine Patagonia . 451 Pedro Laterra, Laura Nahuelhual, Ximena Sirimarco, Adrián Monjeau, Mariana Gluch, and Gonzalo Bravo 22 Ecosystem Services in Patagonia: A Synthesis and Future Directions . 469 Laura Nahuelhual, Guillermo Martínez Pastur, and Pablo L. Peri Index . 487 Chapter 1 Ecosystem Services as a Tool for Decision- Making in Patagonia Pablo L. Peri , Laura Nahuelhual, and Guillermo Martínez Pastur Abstract The Patagonia region that lies within two countries (12% in Chile and 88% in Argentina) has some of the most extensive wilderness areas in the planet (forests, shrublands, grasslands, and wetlands), as well as many low affected coastal-marine ecosystems. However, this “last frontier of capitalism” has started to experience the simultaneous expansion of the green and blue growth sectors, with unknown consequences for biodiversity, ecosystem services (ES) and livelihoods. In this chapter, we (i) present a conceptual framework for the sustainable manage- ment of the natural ecosystems in Patagonia that guides the chapters of this book and (ii)
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