CDDRL Number 64 WORKING PAPERS June 2006
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Analysis of the Current Housing Situation in Romania in the European Context
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT HOUSING SITUATION IN ROMANIA IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT Cristina ALPOPI Cristina IACOBOAEA Andrei STĂNESCU Cristina ALPOPI Associate Professor, Faculty of Administration and Public Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania Tel.: 0040-722-856-707 E-mail: [email protected] Cristina IACOBOAEA Abstract Lecturer, Technical University of Civil Engineering, In this paper the authors perform an exten- Bucharest, Romania sive analysis of the housing situation in Romania Tel.: 0040-742-042-611 in relation to other EU countries. The following E-mail: [email protected] indicators, and others, are examined: the number of dwellings per 1000 inhabitants, the average Andrei STĂNESCU number of rooms per dwelling, overcrowding, Lecturer, Technical University of Civil Engineering, the degradation rate of housing, the rate of util- Bucharest, Romania ities. The type of ownership of the buildings is Tel.: 0040-212-421.208 also analyzed. The implications of the fact that Romania has one of the highest percentages of E-mail: [email protected] private homes in Europe are also discussed. In order to highlight these issues and others (which have been the subject of the authors’ previous studies), in the present work, the dynamics of housing construction in Romania are studied over a long period – namely the period between 1950-2011 – with the aim of highlighting the pres- ent position of Romania compared to other EU countries in terms of housing. The analysis leads to the conclusion that on most housing indicators Romania occupies lower ranks compared to oth- er EU countries. Keywords: habitation, housing, private own- ership, overcrowding rates. -
Anthropological Adventures with Romania's Wizard of Oz, 1973-1989
ANTHROPOLOGICAL ADVENTURES WITH ROMANIA'S WIZARD OF OZ, 1973-1989 Katherine Verdery Department of Anthropology University of Michigan In a Special Report entitled "Death of a Dictator," aired in April 1990 on the U.S. television channel ABC News, newsman Ted Koppel leads viewers into the surveillance headquarters of the widely feared Romanian secret police, the Securitate. There he points to a modest bank of tape recorders, which (we are to believe) have been monitoring the conversations of Romania's 23 million inhabitants over the previous five decades. "So, here it is," says Koppel, Securitate's main listening center in Bucharest, the principal monitoring location for the Romanian secret police. It is, to put it gently, something of a let-down— rather like the scene in the Wizard of Oz, where Dorothy pulls back the curtain to reveal not the all- knowing, all-powerful wizard, but a rather frightened little man, who has inspired fear and trembling with smoke and mirrors.1 Although I doubt that the modest bank of equipment was all there was to Securitate surveillance, Koppel's conclusion aptly states one of the chief messages I drew from my 25 years of research in socialist Romania: the centralized power of the Communist Party was much overestimated. The image of potency it projected was in considerable measure illusory, like the smoke and mirrors behind the fearsome Wizard of Oz. It was a conclusion hard won, for like many US citizens, when I began my research in Romania in 1973 my image of the Communist East was of stern, oppressive, and all-powerful party-states exercising terror and coercion upon their citizens. -
SEEMIG Historical Analysis Romania
Dynamic Historical Analysis of Longer Term Migratory, Labour Market and Human Capital Processes in Romania Horváth István Romanian Institute for Research on National Minorities Kiss Tamás Romanian Institute for Research on National Minorities 2013 Dynamic Historical Analysis – Country Report Romania This country report was developed in the framework of SEEMIG – Managing Migration and its Effects in SEE – Transnational Actions towards Evidence-based Strategies. SEEMIG is a strategic project funded by the European Union’s South-East Europe Programme. Project code: SEEMIG - SEE/C/0006/4.1/X The country report was prepared within the SEEMIG activity Conceptual framework for modelling longer term migratory, labour market and human capital processes coordinated by the University of Vienna. The information published here reflects the authors’ views and the Managing Authority is not liable for any use that may be made of the information concerned. © István, Horváth - Kiss, Tamás All Rights Reserved. Information for reproducing excerpts from this report can be found at www.seemig.eu. Inquiries can also be directed to: University of Vienna, Dept. of Geography and Regional Research, Universitaetsstrasse 7/5, A-1010 Vienna or by contacting [email protected]. Suggested citation: István, Horváth - Kiss, Tamás (2013): Dynamic Historical Analysis of Longer Term Migratory, Labour Market and Human Capital Processes in Romania. Country report developed within the project ‘SEEMIG Managing Migration and Its Effects – Transnational Actions Towards -
The Trials of the Romanian Revolution
Raluca Grosescu Cultures of History Forum Tanks and Militia on the Magheru Boulevard in Bucharest, December 1989 Author: unknown; Source: The National History Museum of Romania; URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Revolutia_Bucuresti_1989_000.jpg The Trials of the Romanian Revolution Raluca Grosescu Cultures of History Forum, published: 17.01.2019 DOI: 10.25626/0093 The bloody events of December 1989 remain a most contentiously debated issue of Romania’s recent history. Both historians and prosecutors have tried to shed light on what exactly happened and who was responsible for the violence that occurred after the dictator, Nicolae Ceauşescu, had been captured. The article discusses the most recent indictment against former president Ion Iliescu against the backdrop of previous trials and Romania’s broader efforts to come to terms with the revolution of 1989. Recommended Citation Raluca Grosescu: The Trials of the Romanian Revolution. In: Cultures of History Forum (17.01.2019), DOI: 10.25626/0093 Copyright (c) 2019 by Imre Kertész Kolleg, all rights reserved. This work may be copied and redistributed for non-commercial, educational purposes, if permission is granted by the copyright holders. For permission please contact the editors. Page 1 of 10 Copyright (c) 2019 by Imre Kertész Kolleg, all rights reserved. Raluca Grosescu Cultures of History Forum The Trials of the Romanian Revolution Almost thirty years after the collapse of the communist regime in Romania, the exact details of the violent events that unfolded in December 1989 remain one of the most contentious chapters in the country’s recent history. Various trials and investigative reports have clarified the responsibility for the violent suppression of anti-communist demonstrators between 16 and 22 December. -
Ceausescu's Trial and Execution
Online international journal of philosophy WWW.METABASIS.IT May 2009 year IV # 7 PHILOSOPHY AND COMMUNICATION CEAUSESCU’S TRIAL AND EXECUTION by Ruxandra Cesereanu (Babes-Bolyai University - Cluj-Napoca, Romania) Nicolae Ceausescu, the Romanian dictator who got shot in December 1989, after popular revolt movements against the communist regime and after the National Salvation Front took the power, was a head of state endowed with a peasant cunning and with an ambition for power on account of which he never had any scruples. He slyly got rid of his rivals and strategically appointed family members in key positions. He promoted a tribal type of communism. Similarly to all communist leaders, Ceausescu got in power as a Moscow subordinate. Towards the half and the end of his regime he played, however, the nationalist card out of tactics reasons: both in the foreign and domestic politics. At the beginning he wanted to seduce the Western World, offering the image of a communist independent from Moscow, then, towards the end, to make the Romanians’ look turn away from the economic disaster and from the extreme poverty in the country, but also to shut out Gorbachev’s influence, which signified a reformed communism the Romanian dictator was allergic to. During the hasty trial he and his wife were brought to, in December 1989, Ceausescu proved to be almost an autistic individual, shut out in his dictator clichés, a dictator who was never interested in the way Romanians lived and in what their needs were. There were two visible obsessions during the trial: his belief that the Romanians’ popular explosion is exclusively due to a double conspiracy (external and domestic) and his desire to be allowed to speak in front of the ‘working class’ that he still credited as his ally. -
Post-Communist Romania
Political Science • Eastern Europe Carey Edited by Henry F. Carey Foreword by Norman Manea “Henry Carey’s collection captures with great precision the complex, contradic- tory reality of contemporary Romania. Bringing together Romanian, West European, and American authors from fields as diverse as anthropology, politi- Romania cal science, economics, law, print and broadcast journalism, social work, and lit- ROMANIA SINCE 1989 erature, the volume covers vast ground, but with striking detail and scholarship and a common core approach. Romania since 1989 provides perhaps the most comprehensive view of the continuing, murky, contested reality that is Romania today and is a must read for any scholar of modern Romania, of East-Central Europe, and of the uncertain, troubled, post-socialist era.” since 1989 —David A. Kideckel, Central Connecticut State University Sorin Antohi “The wealth of detail and quality of insights will make this an excellent source- Wally Bacon book for students of political change after the Cold War. It should be taken seri- Gabriel Ba˘ descu ously by policy practitioners increasingly involved with Romania’s problems.” Zoltan Barany —Tom Gallagher, Professor of Peace Studies, Bradford University, U.K. Politics, Jóhanna Kristín Birnir Larry S. Bush Those who study Romania must confront the theoretical challenges posed by a Economics, Pavel Câmpeanu country that is undergoing a profound transformation from a repressive totali- Henry F. Carey tarian regime to a hazy and as yet unrealized democratic government. The most and Society Daniel Da˘ ianu comprehensive survey of Romanian politics and society ever published abroad, Dennis Deletant this volume represents an effort to collect and analyze data on the complex prob- Christopher Eisterhold lems of Romania’s past and its transition into an uncertain future. -
Collective Memory and National Identity in Post-Communist Romania: Representations of the Communist Past in Romanian News Media and Romanian Politics (1990 - 2009)
COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN POST-COMMUNIST ROMANIA: REPRESENTATIONS OF THE COMMUNIST PAST IN ROMANIAN NEWS MEDIA AND ROMANIAN POLITICS (1990 - 2009) A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Constanta Alina Hogea May 2014 Examining Committee Members: Carolyn Kitch, Advisory Chair, Journalism Nancy Morris, Media Studies and Production Fabienne Darling-Wolf, Journalism Mihai Coman, External Member, University of Bucharest © Copyright 2014 by Constanta Alina Hogea All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT My dissertation situates at the intersection of communication studies and political sciences under the umbrella of the interdisciplinary field of collective memory. Precisely, it focuses on the use of the communist past by political actors to gain power and legitimacy, and on the interplay between news media and politics in shaping a national identity in post-communist Romania. My research includes the analysis of the media representations of two categories of events: the anniversaries of the Romanian Revolution and the political campaigns for presidential/parliamentary elections. On the one hand, the public understanding of the break with communism plays an important role in how the post-communist society is defined. The revolution as a schism between the communist regime and a newborn society acts like a prism through which Romanians understand their communist past, but also the developments the country has taken after it. On the other hand, political communication is operating on the public imaginary of the past, the present and the future. The analysis of the political discourses unfolded in the news media shows how the collective memory of the communist past is used to serve political interests in the discursive struggle for power and legitimacy. -
A Balkan Comedy
A Balkan Comedy Politics and daily life in Romania since 1989 have been as strange, and at times as sinister, as they were during the 24-year rule of Nicolae Ceausescu. Three recent events—two weddings and a funeral—drew the author into the absurdist drama of postcommunist Romania. by William McPherson The marriage of Margareta of Romania and Radu Duda on September 21, 1996, marked a symbolic coming together of two former dynasties, royal and communist. 50 WQ Summer 1997 omedies are supposed to end with a wedding, where this one begins. The funeral comes later. The wedding, a royal wedding at that, involves an ancient dynasty that was but has effectively ceased to be. And, in a sense, it was a royal funeral too, in an incipient dynasty that would have been but Cnever quite was. But first the wedding, which could not have taken place but for the events that began to unfold some 50 years before. On August 23, 1944, the tall and handsome King Michael of Romania—now the father of the bride—threw the country’s pro-Nazi dictator into a palace safe and turned his country to the Allies, thereby shortening the course of the war by some months. The next year at Yalta, the Allies thanked him by ceding his country to the Soviets, who then betrayed him—a kind of double double-cross. The Americans gave him a Jeep and a medal. By December 30, 1947, the Communists had completed their takeover of his country. Under threat of gunfire, the popular king, then only 26, was forced to abdicate, hus- tled onto a train and into exile. -
FDI in Romania Between EU and the Global Economic Crisis
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Economics and Finance 23 ( 2015 ) 644 – 651 2nd GLOBAL CONFERENCE on BUSINESS, ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT and TOURISM, 30-31 October 2014, Prague, Czech Republic FDI in Romania between EU and The Global Economic Crisis Iloiu Mirelaa*, Csiminga Dianaa, Mangu Sorina aUniversyt of Petrosani, University Street no.20, 332006, Petrosani, Romania Abstract In the context of globalization, foreign direct investment represent the main way of participation in international economic exchanges for Romania. The presence of FDI in Romania is a tradition since the early twentieth century, but they had a limited application in the postwar period and until 1989. The liberalization of the legal framework after 1989 led to the expansion of FDI in all fields of activity with beneficial effects on the national economy. Given the considerable negative impact of the economic crisis on FDI inflows in Romania, this paper aims to analyze the evolution of FDI in Romania after 1989 with special reference to two issues: adhering to the EU and the global economic crisis. The conclusions of this analysis can be used as general guidelines to reconsider the policies and instruments to attract FDI in Romania in the post crisis. ©© 20152014 The The Authors. Authors. Published Published by by Elsevier Elsevier B.V. B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (Selectionhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ and/ peer-review under responsibility of). -
Stalinism Revisited Stalinism Revisited
CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK Stalinism Revisited Stalinism Revisited Stalinism Revisited brings together representatives of multiple generations to create a rich examination The Establishment of Communist Regimes in East-Central Europe of the study and practice of Stalinism. While the articles are uniformly excellent, the book’s signal contribution is to bring recent research from Eastern European scholars to an English-speaking audience. Thus the volume is not just a “state of the discipline” collection, in which articles are collected to reflect that current situation of scholarship in a given field; instead, this one includes cutting edge scholarship that will prompt more of the same from other scholars in other fields/subfields. I would recommend this book highly to anyone interested in understanding the technology of Stalinism in both StalinismStalinism thought and practice. Nick Miller Boise State University The Sovietization of post-1945 East-Central Europe—marked by the forceful imposition of the Soviet- type society in the region—was a process of massive socio-political and cultural transformation. Despite its paramount importance for understanding the nature of the communist regime and its RevisitedRevisited legacy, the communist take-over in East Central European countries has remained largely under- researched. Two decades after the collapse of the communist system,Stalinism Revisited brings together a remarkable international team of established and younger scholars, engaging them in a critical re-evaluation of the institutionalization of communist regimes in East-Central Europe and of the period of “high Stalinism.” Sovietization is approached not as a fully pre-determined, homogeneous, and monolithic transformation, but as a set of trans-national, multifaceted, and inter-related processes of large-scale institutional and ideological transfers, made up of multiple “takeovers” in various fields. -
Nationalism and the 1989 Romanian Revolution Allan Chet Emmons Western Oregon University, [email protected]
Western Oregon University Digital Commons@WOU Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) Department of History Spring 2016 The ioleV nt Revolution: Nationalism and the 1989 Romanian Revolution Allan Chet Emmons Western Oregon University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Emmons, Allan Chet, "The ioV lent Revolution: Nationalism and the 1989 Romanian Revolution" (2016). Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History). 53. https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his/53 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at Digital Commons@WOU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@WOU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Chet Emmons HST 413 Professor Doellinger 19 May 2016 The Violent Revolution: Nationalism and the 1989 Romanian Revolution Introduction Some of the most dramatic images of Revolutionary upheaval in Eastern Europe in 1989 came from Romania. While most of the Revolutions were peaceful, the Romanian Revolution was not. The authoritarian nature of the Romanian government made it appear that violence would be likely in the event of a rebellion or revolution, what is a noteworthy is that two other authoritarian Eastern European states, Czechoslovakia and East Germany, had only initial violent governmental reactions before peacefully conceding power to the revolutionaries. The Soviet Union’s relationship with each state spurred the different courses each nation took. Czechoslovakia had a history of political reform that ended with a Sovietled invasion in 1968, and the Soviet Union propped up the authoritarian postinvasion government. -
The Romanian Revolution of 1989-An Armed Conflict?
International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION Vol. XXV No 2 2019 THE ROMANIAN REVOLUTION OF 1989 - AN ARMED CONFLICT? Sabin GUȚAN “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu, Romania [email protected] Abstract: The violent events of December 1989 in Romania, which led to the removal of the Communist regime from power are still shrouded in mystery today. The social disorder and the political chaos of those days overlapped with the violent use of the armed forces that used all kinds of weapons. During the armed confrontations, many casualties (military and civilian) and destruction of goods, including cultural ones, took place. In the years following these events a series of theories, hypotheses, controversies, and trials have emerged, but no one has clearly defined the legal nature of this social-political crisis. The purpose of this scientific approach is not to analyze the events and crimes committed in December 1989, but to determine whether and to what extent the international humanitarian law can be applied to these events. Keywords: the 1989 Romanian Revolution, international humanitarian law, non- international armed conflict 1. Introduction force, and secondly, one must determine The violent events of December 1989 in what kind of crimes were committed. Romania, which led to the removal of the The 1989 Revolution began in Timișoara, Communist regime from power, are still on December 16, with protest shrouded in mystery. The social disorder demonstrations, initially peaceful. The and the political chaos of those days authorities' response was brutal, a overlapped the violent use of the armed retaliation, including using war forces that used all kinds of weapons.