INDEX

Abbott Laboratories, 80, 180 Anlimora mslrata, 128, 136, 148, 150, 196 Bahama Islands, 72, 76, 85. 142 abyssal region, 4, 63, 93, 112, 126-138, 139 Antipatharia, 91, 93, 97, 1-10, 178, 190 bait experiment, 60, 62, 119, 130, 132, 135, Acanthucope, 105 antipathin, 97 1.36, 138 Acanthomunnopsidae, 105 Aphrocallislt's, 86, 90, 188 Balanoglossiis, 126. 195 Acaiithopbarynx, 123 beatrix; 86, 188 Baltimore, MD, 29, 35, 167, 168, 208 acoustical grid, 49, 54 Aphrocallistidae, 88, 188 Bancroft Library, 19 Acrotretida, 193 Apodida, 121, 194 Bank of California, San Francisco, 20, 35 Acryptolaria conferta, 92, 189 apophysis, 100, 155, 160 Banking House of Henry Hentsch, 177 Actinauge, 95, 189 Apristnrus, 133 Barathrudemus manatinus, 82, 108, 128, Actinernidae, 95, 189 Araeolaimida, 123 129, 137, 138, 150, 196 Actinermis, 95, 189 Araeosoma, 121, 194 barbels, 136, 137, 147 michaelsarsi, 95, 189 belli, 121 barnacles, 70, 94, 104, 109, 110, 119, 139, nobilis, 95, 189 Archaeogastropoda, 190 140, 179, 193 Actiniaria, 93-95, 97, 140, 189 archaeological construct model, 165 pedunculate, 94, 109, 119, 140, 193 Aclinomycetes, 80, 81, 180 archaeology, 4, 6, 59, 61, 159, 179-181 sessile, 70, 109, 140, 193 Actinopterygii, 195 Arch aster, 113 Barnard, Jerry L, 106, 179, 192 Aclinoscypbia, 95, 189 Arcoscalpellum regiiun, 109, 193 barophilic response. 80, 145 Actinoscyphiidae, 95, 189 Arctic region, 72, 116, 130-132 Battelle Memorial Institute, 6, 179 Aclinostola rule, 95 Arctic whaling stations, 132 Bates, Rebecca Platt, 208 Actinostoliclae, 95, 178, 189 Arcturidae, 105 Bathocyroe, 122, 190 Adams, Capt. H. A., LJSN, 44 Argonauta argu, 192 fosleri, 190 Adenophorea, 123, 190 Argonauticlae, 192 Bathocyroidae, 190 admiralty law, 51, 180 argonauts, 7 bathyal waters, 97, 1.38 Aega gracilipes, 106, 146, 192 Aristotle's lantern, 120 Bathyctenidae, 123 Aegiclae, 192 arthrobacteria, 80, 81 Bathygnathia, 105 Agalmidae, 189 Arthropoda, 97, 104, 105, 192 bathymetry, 63, 71, 76, 179 Agassiz, Alexander, 4, 5, 92 Articulata, 125, 193 Bathypectinura hews, 102, 118. 138, 194 Agnatha, 134 Ascidiacea, 126, 195 Bathypolypodinae, 140, 192 , 105, 106, 108, 192 Ahearn, Cynthia, 112, 113, 121, 122, 194 Bathyraja pallida, 150 Aspidochirotida, 194 Albany, NY, 41 Batoidea, 195 assayers, 33, 173-175, 177 Alcyonaria (=Octocorallia), 92, 93, 189 Bayer, Frederick M., 93, 95, 179, 189 Astacilla, 105 Alcyoniidae, 91-93, 140, 189 Bellocia koefoed, 150 Astacolus, 197 Aldrovandia, 147 Benicia, CA, 39 albatrossi, 197 Alepocephalidae, 147, 150 benthic fauna, 4, 60, 67. 78, 79, 91, 104-107, occidentalis, 197 Alepocephalus agassizi, 147, 150 113, 123-129, 134, 138-149, 178 Asteroidea, 112-118, 194 algae, 24, 82, 83, 85, 120, 123, 124 144 benthic storm, 64, 72, 78, 80, 178 Asterostomatidae, 113, 120, 121, 140, 194 brown, 24, 72, 82, 120, 140, 144, 187 benthic zone, 72, 104, 126, 138, 139, 145 Asterozoa, 139, 194 golden-brown, 187 Benthoctopus, 102, 192 Astropectiniclae, 112, 140, 194 Alopias, 133 new species, 102, 192 Astrorhizidae, 187, 197 oregonae, 102, 192 superciliosus, 133 Atlanta peroni, 64, 97, 98, 191 vulpinus, 133 benthopelagic zone, 79, 138 Atlantic Deep Water, 72 Benthos, Inc., 153, 180 Alopiidae, 133 Atlantic Ocean, 72, 98, 127, 131, 139 Amazon River Expedition, 19, 20, 28, 29 Bermuda Rise, 63, 68 Atlantidae, 191 Bermuda, 72 ambulacral groove, 111, 112, 113, 116, 121 Atolla, 92, 189 American Museum of Natural History, 130, Bessemer process, 149 Atollidae, 189 bilateral symmetry, 120, 121, 125 132, 134, 138, 180, 195, 196 Atyoidea, 192 American River, 7 biogenic fall-out, 72 auditory capsules, 136 biogeochemical process, 163, 178 Ammobaculites agglutinans, 197 Audubon, John James, 43 Ammodiscidae, 187, 197 biological oasis, 78, 119, 139 Audubon, John Woodhouse, 39, 40 biological productivity, 71, 73, 82, 149 Ammodiscus, 84, 187, 197 Audubon, Victor, 43 incertus, 84, 197 bioluminescence, 73, 115, 122, 130 Aulocalycidae, 86, 88-90, 188 bioturbation, 78 Ampheraster alaminos, 61, 107, 113, 114, new genus and species, 86, 89, 90, 188 116, 142, 144, 194 biramous appendages, 105, 109 Aulococtena, 123 bivalves, 88, 94, 97, 100, 101, 104-109, 115, Amphipoda, 104, 106, 115, 139-141, 147, autocatalytic process, 170 149, 179, 192 autotomy, 117 116, 119, 125, 132, 139, 140, 142, 144, ampullae of Lorenzini, 127 autozooids, 125 146, 149, 154, 160, 190 Amygdalum, 100, 190 avicularia, 125 cuspidariid 100, 140, 190 Anasca, 193 axial rod, 68, 69, 93, 94 mytiloid, 100, 140 Andrews, John, 40 Axinellida, 87, 188 pholadid, 88, 100, 139, 140 anglerfish, 148 stromboid, 100, 101 Anguilliformes (eels), 134, 135, 140, 195 Bacillariophyceae, 83, 187 teredinid, 100, 106, 140 phyla, 84-138 Bacillus, 80, 81 woodborers, 88, 100, 104, 107, 115, Annapolis, MD, 14, 20. 45 bacteria, 4, 70, 76, 79-81, 90. 123, 124, 119, 132, 142-146. 154, 155, 163, 190 Annelida, 103, 104, 124, 192 139-152, 153. 157, 162, 187 Bivalvia (=Pelecypocla), 97, 98. 190 Anomalodesmata (=Septibranchia), 190 cocci and rods, 81, 152 black gang (boiler-room crew), 16 Anomura, 106, 107, 108, 193 filamentous, 80, 81 Blake & Co., 177 anoxia, 82, 151, 178 iron-oxidizing, 4, 70, 81, 149, 152, 153 Blake Escarpment, 72, 76 Antarctic Bottom Water, 72, 75 non-filamentous, 80, 81 Blake Plateau, 4, 63, 76 Antarctic region, 72, 116 reducing, 153 Blake Ridge, 4, 46, 72, 73. 76, 78, 98, 102, Antedonidae, 194 rods, 81 149. 150, 178. 187 Antennuloniscus, 105 sheath-forming, 152, 153. 187 Blake, Gorham, 177 Anthomastus agassizi, 88, 93, 189 sulfate-reducing, 151-153 Blake-Bahama Abyssal Plain, 63 Anthomedusae, 189 sulfur, 157 Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge, 62, 63, 76 Anthozoa, 92-97, 139, 189 symbiotic, 124, 156 bloodsuckers and bloodmeal, 106 214 INDEX VOL. 94

blowndown, 16 Canary Current, 71 Chondrichthyes, 126-134, 195 body torsion, 91 Candeina nitida, 197 Chondropbellia coronata, 65. 67, 95, 115, Bolinopsidae, 190 canisters (textiles experiment). 77 190 Bolivia, 174 Cape Fear, NC, 4. 47, 62 Chonelasma, 88-91,101, 188 Buliuina, 197 Cape Hatteras, NC, 45, 62, 68, 76, 139 choanoides, 88, 89. 91, 188 paula, 197 Cape Henry, VA, 22, 43 Chordata, 126-138, 195 psendoplicata, 197 Cape Horn. 8, 11, 19 Chromaclorida, 123 subaenariensis, 197 Cape Roman, SC, 47 chronometer and watch, 38, 42, 43 Bolivinitidae, 197 capitulum, 109 Chrysogorgia, 67-69, 71, 86, 88, 90, 93, Boston Submarine Marine Armor Co., 30 Caraharinus longimanus, 127 94 96, 101, 111, 115, 119, 151, 189 Boston, MA, 11 Carcharhiniformes, 133 new species,67-69, 71, 90. 93. 94-96, bottom water, 72, 75 Carcharodun carcharias, 133 101, 111, 115, 119, 151, 189 Bouergueticrinida, 140, 193 cargo, 4, 5, 8, 11, 14-20, 149, 159, 178 Chrysogorgiidae, 93, 189 Bounty Trough, 78 Caribbean Sea, 21, 76, 82, 92, 113, 160 Chrysophyta, 83, 187 Bowman, T. E., 106, 107, 109, 192, 193 Caridea. 88, 106, 107, 140, 149, 192 cilia, 84, 92, 94-96, 98, 100, 104, 111, 112, Brachiopoda, 94, 125, 126, 140, 193 carina plate, 109 116, 117, 121, 122, 124-126. 142 Brachyura, 106-108, 193 Carinaria lamarcki, 64, 97, 191 Ciliophora, 84 Braun Research Library, 40 Carinariidae, 191 Circoporidae, 85, 188 Bresiliidae, 107 Carolina coast, 47, 78, 105, 123, 141, 177 Circostephanus coronarius, 85, 188 Brisinga, 58, 65-70, 91, 96, 113-120, 194 Caiyometra alope, 67, 68, 94, 111, 112, Cirolaniclae, 105 coronata, 115 119, 151, 194 cirri, 109-111 costata, 96, 113, 117, 118, 194 Caryophylliidae, 190 Cirripedia, 104, 109, 193 cricophora, 58, 65, 67, 68, 70, 91, Cassidulina subglobosa, 197 Civil War, 5, 12, 31, 40, 41, 45, 153 Clark, Eugenie, 130, 134, 179, 195 113-116, 117, 119, 120, 194 Cassidulinidae, 197 claspers, 127, 130, 134, 154 endecacenmos, 115 CassidyJohnM., 89, 179 Clavularia, 188 Brisingidae, 51, 52, 59, 65, 91, 96, 112-120, Cataetyx laticeps, 150 140, 142, 144, 145, 194 Catapsydracidae, 197 Clemens, Samuel Langhorne, 20 British Isles, 149 Caulocalyx, 86, 88, 130, 188 Clio, 64, 99, 191 brittle stars, 57, 67, 78, 101, 102, 104, tenera, 86, 88, 188 cuspidata (cuspidate clio), 99, 191 110-113, 118-120, 132, 138, 140, 194 Caulophacidae, 88, 188 polita (two-keelecl clio), 99 bronze disease, 154 Caulophacus, 188 pyramidata (pyramid clio), 64, 99, 191 brood, 105, 106, 108, 112, 113, 116, 120-122, agassizi, 188 recurva (wavy clio), 64, 99, 191 124, 125, 135 arcticus, 188 clipper ship, 11, 12, 35 brotulids, 129, 137, 150, 196 Cavolinia, 64, 99, 191 Cniclaria (=Coelenterata), 82, 91-97, 122, Bryant's Minstrels, 21, 34 gibbosa (humpback cavoline), 64, 99, 142, 143, 149, 189 Biyozoa (=Ectoprocta), 82, 87, 94, 124, 125, " 191 cnidocytes, 91, 93 140, 178, 181, 193 inflexa (inflexed cavoline), 64, 99, 191 coal, 16-18, 20, 26, 30, 34, 50, 51, 60, 65, buccal velum, 110 longirustris (long-snout cavoline), 64, 67, 86, 93, 103, 107, 112, 122, 143, 152, 159, 162, 163, 178 Buchanan, President James, 43 99, 191 Coccosphaerales, 83, 140, 187 budding, 92 tridentata (three-toothed cavoline), 64, cods, 128, 129, 131, 136, 148, 150, 195 Bulimina, 84, 187, 197 99, 191 coelom, 103 aculeata, 84, 187 iincinala (unc'mMc cavoline), 64, 99, coenenchyme, 93 exilis,197 191 Coffer, Timothy E., 179, 189 inflata, 197 Cavoliniidae, 99, 191 Cohen, Daniel M., 134, 135, 137, 138, 179, marginata, 197 celestial fix, 42, 48, 49, 52 193, 195, 196 Buliminidae, 187, 197 Centroscyllium fabricii, 133 Bulla, 97, 191 cold core eddies, 68 Centroscymnus coelolepis, 133 Coleoidea, 192 Bullidae, 140, 191 Cephalaspidea, 191 collagen cuticle, 123 Burlingham, Capt. William B., 53, 179 Cephalopoda, 97, 101, 102, 139, 148, 192 colloblasts, 122 Burt, Capt. Hiram, 23-25, 31, 36, 37, 42, Ceramonematidae, 123 collodion process, 166 48, 49 Cestida, 122 Coloma, Mexican California, 7 Butterworth, Milton T., 60, 179 Cestus, 123 Columbia University, 38, 94, 134, 137, 179, Bythitidae, 150 Cetorhinidae, 133 189, 190, 194-196 Cetorhinus maximus, 133 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 137 caecum, 156 Chaceon, 108, 193 Law School, 38 Cairns, Stephen D., 96, 179, 190 new species, 108, 193 Columbus Museum of Art, 170 calcareous lining (tube), 65, 69, 104, 119, quinquidens, 193 Columbus, OH, 4, 6, 53, 56, 170, 196, 212 142, 155, 156, 157, 160 Chaetopteridae, 104, 140, 192 Columbus—America Discovery Group, 4-6, calcium carbonate, 73, 76, 83-85, 93, 96-98, Challenger Expedition, 98 46, 53, 54, 56, 164, 179-181, 187-196, 212 109, 110, 124, 125, 155, 174 Challengeriicae, 188 Adjunct Science and Education Program, California Academy of Sciences, 134, 137, Charleston, SC, 22 6, 179-181 179, 180, 192, 195, 196 Cheetham, Alan, 125 columnella, 97 , 4-9, 12, 14, 18, 21, 33, Cheilostomata, 193 Comatulicla, 94, 110-112, 119, 140, 144, 194 41, 45, 178 chelate appendages, 106 comb jellies, 122, 190 California gold routes, 8, 17 chelipeds, 107, 108, 109 Comesoma, 123 overland, 8 Chelura terebrans, 106 Comesomatidae, 123 sailing ship around Cape Horn, 8 chemoreceptors, 124, 137 commensalism, 88, 89, 94, 108, 157 side-wheel steamer via , 8 , IL, 37, 46 Conacea, 191 California Stage Company, 20, 33. 40 Chile. 174 Conception. Western . 40 California. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 20. 21, 33, 34. Chimaerklae, 127-129, 134, 140, 147. 195 conch, 100, 101 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 46, 159, 165, Chimaeriformes, 134, 195 Pacific, 100 169, 173, 175, 177, 208, 209 Chiridota, 57, 65, 121, 122, 194 pink, 100, 101 Calloporidae (=Alderinidae), 178, 193 new species, 57. 65. 121, 122, 194 conchin, 97 Calyptorete, 86-88, 90, 101, 188 Chiridoticlae, 121, 122, 140, 178. 194 Concrete erection, 188 calyx, 96, 110 chitinous material, 103. 104, 106, 124, 125 continental rise, 68, 139, 148 Cambridge, MA, 60, 78, 196 Chlamyclobacteriaceae, 187 continental shelf, 123, 134, 139. 141, 148 Cameron, Alexander Thomas, 53 choanocytes, 86, 90, 91 continental slope, 72, 75-78, 84, 101, Campbell, Henry, 169 Choanolaimidae, 123 123-125, 134-136, 139, 141, 142, 147-149 OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE INDEX 215 continental streams, 68, 76, 78, 100 Cygan, Gary, 83, 179 (New York), 12, 13 convergent evolution, 147, 148 Cylichna, 97, 191 Eastern Shore of Virginia Historical Soc, 33 copepods, 85, 108, 141, 142, 149 verrillii, 191 Echinasteridae, 113, 14(), 194 harpacticoid, 108, 141 Cylichnidae, 140, 191 Echinidae, 121, 194 copper poisoning, 65, 66, 67, 70 Cylindrolaimidae, 123 Echinodermata, 64, 109-122, 126, 119, 193 copulation, 101, 104, 114, 105, 110, 113, Cylindrolaimus, 123 Echinoidea, 120, 121, 194 118, 124, 127 Cymalosyrinx centimata, 191 Echinothuridae, 120, 121, 140, 194 corals, 67, 68, 70, 85-88, 91-94, 96, 97, 104, Echinozoa, 139, 194 110, 111, 113, 115, 119, 124, 125, 139, 142, Dactylocalyx piimicens, 188 Echinus, 83, 121, 94 144, 154, 189, 190 Dalatias licha, 133 ecological disturbances, 78 black, 91, 93, 97, 190 Dalatiinae, 130 ecological succession, 79 golden, 90, 93, 94, 96, 111 Dando, Paul R., 63, 78, 179 ectoparasites, 129 gorgonian, 86, 87, 93, 94, 110, 111, 115, debris field, 90, 138, 163, 164, 171, 178 Ectoprocta, 124 117, 119, 139, 142, 144, 189 Decapoda, 104, 106-109, 139, 149, 192 eelpouts, 62, 127, 128, 129, 132, 135, 138, horny, 189, 93 Deep Western Boundary Current, 62, 63, 70, 148, 149, 150, 196 soft, 65, 88, 91-93, 189 72, 76, 139, 141, 178 eels, 127-132, 135, 137, 138, 147, 148, 150, stony, 91, 93, 96, 113, 190 deep ocean (sea), 65, 72, 73, 78, 85, 97, 140, 195, 196 Coriolis effect, 60, 66, 69 150, 196 blunt-nosed, 62, 128, 129-131, 132, 135, Coronatae, 92, 189 deep-ocean adaptations, 79, 82, 93, 97, 103, 138, 195 correlation matrix, 46 108, 123, 134, 142, 145, 147 cusk, 128, 137, 150, 196 corrosion, 57, 153, 154, 162, 163 deep-sea species, 4, 6, 62, 65, 73, 79, 80, cutthroat, 128, 129, 135, 149, 150, 195 Coryphaenoides, 128, 129, 132, 136, 146, 84-126, 136, 142, 146, 148 longneck, 128, 135, 150, 195 149, 150 degradation processes, 4, 49, 65, 157, 162 monkey-faced, 135 armatus, 128, 136, 149, 150, 196 Deima, 122, 194 pugnose, 135, 195 brevibarbis, 150 Deimatidae, 122, 140, 194 serpent, 129, 135, 195 carapimis, 149, 150 demersal eggs, 135 snub-nosed, 135 guentheri, 128, 132, 136, 150, 195 Demospongiae, 86, 87, 89, 90, 125, 188 spiny,150 leptolepis, 136, 150, 195 Dendrotion, 105 Eggerellci bradyi, 197 mediterranea, 150 Dendrotioniclae, 105 El Dorado County Medical Society, 36 Cottidae, 138 density (profile), 73, 74, 75, 76 Elasipodida, 194 Cottunculus tbompsoni, 128, 138, 150, 196 Dentalina, 197 Elasmobranchii, 133, 134, 179, 195 crabs, 82, 86, 88, 90, 91, 95, 97, 103, flint ii, 197 Elmendorf, D. J., 206, 207 106-109, 113-116, 129, 134, 137-139, 142, frobisherensis, 197 Emiliania huxleyi, 83, 187 144-147, 149, 192, 193 subsoluta, 197 Enoplida, 123 anomuran, 107 deposit feeders, 98, 104, 121, 122, 123, Enteropneusta, 64, 126, 140, 195 brachyuran, 103, 107, 108, 137 124, 142 epifauna, 109, 124, 139 galatheid, 86, 88, 91, 107, 108, 109, 113, depth of compensation, 73 epipelagic zone, 148 114, 115, 116, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147, depth of saturation, 73 epiphytic colonies, 125 149, 193 depth profiles, 74-75 Epistominidae, 187, 197 Derichthyidae, 128, 135, 150, 195 epitoky, 104 geryonid, 108, 109 Derichthys setpentinus, 128, 129, 135, 150, Epitoniacea, 191 hermit, 95, 97, 107-109, 193 Epizoanthus, 97 Craney Island, 32 195 epizoic , 97 Crassimarginatella, 125, 193 Deringer, Henry, 166 dermal denticles, 134 Eponides umbonatus, 197 new species, 125, 193 Eponiclidae, 197 Craticulariidae, 88, 188 Desmodoridae, 123 errant benthic animals, 60, 103, 106, 118 Crawford, Laurie C, 165, 166 Desmophyllum cristagalli, 96, 113, 190 Errantia, 192 Creseis, 64, 99, 191 Desmoscolecidae, 123 Desmoscolex, 123 Eschmeyer, William N., 134, 137, 179, 196 acicula (straight needle-pteropod), 64, americanus, 123 Esperiopsidae, 87, 188 99, 191 scanicus, 123 Eugerda, 105 virgula (curved needle-pteropod), 64, Desmosomatidae, 105 Eulagisca, 103, 192 99,191 Desulfovibrio, 151 Eunicida, 103, 140, 192 Period, 76 detritus feeders, 145 euphotic zone, 74, 76, 142, 143 Cribrostomoides subglobosum, 197 detritus, 125, 126, 139, 141, 142, 143, Euplectella, 64, 88, 146, 188 Crinoidea, 67, 94, 110-112, 119, 139, 193 144, 147 fovis, 64, 88, 188 Crinozoa, 193 DeWeerdt, Wallentina, 179, 188 Euplectellidae, 88, 188 critical erosion threshold, 72 DeYoung Museum, San Francisco, CA, 32 Eurete, 188 cross-stream displacement, 71 Diacria, 64, 99, 191 Euretidae, 88, 188 Crustacea, 88, 104-110, 115, 120, 127, 132, quadridentata, 64, 99, 191 Ewycope, 105 136, 147, 149, 192 trispnosa, 64, 99, 191 Eurycopidae, 105 cryptostomata, 82 diatoms, 73, 83, 84, 95, 123, 140, 179, 187 Euthecosomata, 191 ctenes, 122 dioecious species, 90, 92, 93, 97, 98, 101, evisceration, 122 ctenidia, 100 104-106, 109-112, 116, 120-126, 135 Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon, 29 ctenoid scales, 134 Diplopeltidae, 123 exumbrella, 92 Ctenophora, 82, 122, 123, 140, 190 Diplopeltis incisus, 123 Culeolus, 126, 195 Diplozylon, 187 fairy rings (ooze imprints), 77, 78, 142, 180 cultural deposits, 4, 27, 50, 78, 149, 159, Discina, 125, 193 Farina, Joseph Anton, 208 178, 179 Discinidae, 193 , 57, 86, 88, 89, 90, 94, 115, 119, current, 4, 36, 48, 49, 54, 63, 60, 66-70, 72, Disconema minuta, 123 151.188 73, 75-77, 80, 82, 92, 93, 98, 105, 111, Discorboidea, 197 feather form. 86. 88, 94, 188 112, 115-117, 124-126, 135, 136, 138, 141, dissolved organic matter, 142, 145 new species, 57, 86, 89, 90, 115, 188 142, 145, 147, 148, 174, 178 dissolved oxygen (profile), 73, 74, 75, 76, occa , 86, 188 Cuspidaria obesa, 100, 190 151, 178 Farreidae, 88, 188 Cuspidariidae, 100, 140, 190 Ditrupa, 104, 173, 192 Fauchald, Kristian, 103, 104, 179, 192 Cuvierina columnella, 64, 99, 191 diurnal vertical migrations (DVM), 148 Faulkner, D. John, 89. 179 Cyatholaimidae, 123 Doltenia, 126, 195 Fautin, Daphne Gail. 94. 95. 179, 189, 190 Cyclammina cancellata, 197 Dosinia, 100, 190 feather stars, 110. Ill, 118, 139. 143, 144, cycloid scales, 134, 135, 136, 137 151, 193, 194 Cyclopteridae, 138, 148 ear pod, 136, 148 fecal pellets, 85, 143, 147 216 INDEX VOL. 94

fecundity, 149 galatheid crabs, 51, 61, 86, 88, 91, 102, , 44, 82 feeding strategies, 98, 120 107, 108, 109, 113, 114, 115, 116, 140, Gulf Stream, 20, 21, 24, 49, 66, 68, 69, 71, fertilization, 68, 104, 112, 116, 120, 121, 122, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 155, 181, 193 72, 75, 142 124, 125, 126, 135 Galatheidae, 107, 193 Gymnobela, 191 fiber-optic cable, 54 galena, 152, 153 Gymnolaemata, 125, 193 fibrillation, 157, 159 Gallionella ferruginea, 152 gyre,66, 69, 71, 82, Field Museum of Natural History, 102, 192 Gammaridea, 106, 192 Filipjevia meridionalis, 123 Garwood, Roland F.49, habitat preference, 140 filter feeders, 104, 120 gas hydrate, 78 Hackman, Donald J., 17, 179 Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 53 Gastropoda, 90, 94-98, 100, 101, 108, hakes, 128, 136, 150, 196 fishes, 4, 62, 104, 106, 107, 109, 115, 115, 190 Halalaimus, 123 126-150, 128, 139, 142, 147-149 Gastrotricha, 141 filum, 123 abyssal, 126-138, 128, 147-150 gastrozooids, 92 meyersi, 123 anglerfish, 148 Geochron Laboratories, 60, 78, 79 Halichoanolaimus, 123 bathypelagic, 148 geological oceanography, 4, 6, 60, 76-78 Haliclona, 87, 90, 188 benthic, 127, 138, 147, 148, 149 George Mason University, 153 Haliclonidae, 87, 188 benthopelagic, 4, 127, 136, 138, 139, 142, Georges Banks, 130 Halosauropsis macrochir, 128, 135, 136, 147, 148, 149 Germany, 88, 174 146, 149, 150, 195 bony, 126, 129, 134-138, 195 Geryonidae, 108, 109, 140, 178, 193 Halosauridae, 127, 128, 135, 136, 138, 140, cartilaginous, 126-134, 147 gigantism, 146 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 195 chimaeras, 127-129, 134, 140, 147, 150, Globigerina, 84, 85, 187, 197 Hannel, Susan L., 168 195 bulloides, 84, 85, 187, 197 Haplomesus, 105 dogfish, 128, 130, 133, 150, 195 falconensis, 197 Haploniscidae, 105 guitarfishes, 129 pachyderma, 197 Haploniscus, 105 halosaurid, 127, 128, 136, 138, 140, quinqueloba, 197 Haplosclerida, 188 146-150, 195 rubescens, 197 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, lantern, 148 Globigerinella aequilateralis, 197 112, 117, 179, 180, 194 macrourid, 127, 128, 134-136, 138, 140, Globigerinidae, 187, 197 Harpactacoidea, 141 142 147, 148, 150, 195 Globigerinita, 197 Harrington Hill Quadrangle, 46 mail cheeked, 196 glutinata, 197 Harriotta raleigbans, 134 mesopelagic, 148 humilis, 197 Harris, Harvey, 177 morid, 127, 128, 136-138, 140, 147, 148, Globigerinoidea, 84, 187, 197 Harris, Marchand & Co., 177 150, 196 Globigerinoides conglobatus, 197 Harvard University, 100, 106, 120, 155, 160, ophidiid, 82, 103, 108, 127, 128, 135, Globigerinoides, 197 180, 190, 191, 194, 196 137, 138, 140, 142, 147, 148 ruber, 197 Museum Comparative Zoology, 100, 120, ratfishes, 127 sacculifer, 197 155, 160, 180, 190, 191, 196 rattails, 134, 136, 147, 148, 195 Globoquadrina dutertrei, 197 Hastigerina pelagica, 197 sawfishes, 129, 133 Globorotalia, 84, 187, 197 Hastigerinidae, 197 sculpins, 127, 128, 135, 138, 149, 150, crassaformis, 197 Hatteras Abyssal Plain, 63, 76 196 birsuta, 197 , , 18, 20, 21, 22, 100, 101, sharks, 127-134, 143, 146, 147, 150, 195 inflata, 197 168, 177 skates, 127, 128, 129, 130, 134, 147, 149, menardii, 84, 187, 197 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, 33 150, 195 scitula, 197 heart urchins, 113, 120, 121, 140, 194 slickheads, 147, 150 truncatulinoides, 197 Hecker, Barbara, 94, 134, 137, 179, 189, 194, snailfishes, 138 tumida, 197 195, 196 suckerfish, 129 Globorotaliidae, 187, 197 hemicellulose, 162 teleost, 135 Gnathiidae, 105 Hemichordata, 126, 195 zoarcid, 128, 140, 148, 149 gnathopods, 106 hemipelagic desposition, 76 flax, 84, 157, 158 gold shipment, 5, 8, 9, 11, 18, 19, 45, 178 Hemisphaerammina bradyi, 197 flexions, 106 gold, 4-6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 23, 33, 36, 37, 40, 52, Henricia antillarum, 113, 194 Current, 21 53, 58, 59, 65, 68, 79, 104, 114-119, 125, Hentsch, Henry, 177 Florida Museum of Nat. Hist., 84, 187, 196 140, 149, 152, 172, 173-178, 198, 200-202, hermaphroditic species, 90, 93, 95, 97, 98, Floyd, Gary L, 84, 179, 187 207-209, 211, 212 101, 110, 120, 122, 125, 126 food chain, 79, 145 bars (specie ingots), 33, 52, 53, 58, 65, Herndon Medal, 45 food web, 79, 142, 143, 146 68, 114-116, 119, 173, 175, 176, 177, Herndon Monument, 45 Foraminifera, 64, 84, 85, 141, 187, 197 178, 209 Herndon, VA, 45 foraminiferans, 63, 64, 98, 101, 102, 105,108, coins, 23, 52, 53, 58, 59, 65, 68, 83, 104, heterocercal tail fin, 134 116, 123, 140-142, 187, 197 114, 116, 119, 125, 173-178, 176, 207, Heterodonta, 190 ammodiscoid, 64 208 Heteromesus, 105 benthic, 76, 84, 85, 108, 141, 142, 179, dust (flakes), 7, 40, 173, 175, 211, 212 Heteropoda, 64, 97, 98, 140, 191 187, 197 nuggets, 7, 173, 175, 176, 198, 212 heterozooids, 125 globigerinoid, 64, 85, 98 Golfingia margaritacea, 124, 190 hexacorals, 93 planktonic, 85, 108, 187, 197 Golfingiidae, 190 Hexactinellida, 57, 85, 86-91, 94, 101, 115, Forcipulata, 112, 113, 194 gonophores, 92 117, 119, 139, 140, 142, 144, 145, 178, forty-niners, 5, 7, 8 Goodyear Rubber Company, 170, 209 179, 188 Fox, Lt. Gustavus V., USN, 17 Gorgonacea, 93, 189 hexactines, 88 France, 173, 174 Gorgonacea (corals), 66, 86, 87, 91, 93, 94, Hexanchidae, 133 Fredericksburg, VA, 27 109, 110, 111, 115, 117, 119, 139,140, 142, Hexanchiformes, 133 Fregata magnificens, 43 144, 151,178, 179, 189 Hexancbus griseus, 133 Freie University, 88, 180 gorgonin, 93 Hexapathes, 97, 190 Fremont, Capt. John C, 37 Gram-negative rods, 81, 158 new species, 97, 190 Freyella, 115 Grand Banks, 137 hexaxon spicules, 87 frustule, diatiom, 83, 84 Granuloreticulosa, 84, 187 hierarchical nomenclature system, 62, 198-212 Fucales, 187 Gray, Capt. Alfred G., 17 Histiobranchus bathybius, 150 fungi, 80-82, 123, 142, 157, 158, 162 Great Britain, 174 Ho, David K., 89, 180 parasitic, 82 Greenland, 133 Hoeglundina elegans, 84, 187, 197 Greenpeace, 53 holdfast, 82, 97 Gadiformes, 134, 136, 137, 195 grenadiers, 128, 129, 132, 136, 146, 148, holistic approach, 4 Galapagos rift, 124 150, 195 Holocephalii, 195 OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE INDEX 217

Holothuroidea, 57, 121, 122, 139, 142, 194 Laemonema , 137, 150, 196 Lycodes, 128, 129, 132, 135, 138, 150, 149, homocercal tail fin, 134 Lagenina, 197 196 Hope, W. Duane, 123, 180 Lamnidae, 133 atlanticus, 138, 150, 196 Ilormathiidae, 95, 190 Lamniformes, 133 zoarchus, 128, 132, 135, 138, 150, 196 Hormosinidae, 197 lamp shells, 125 Lysianassidae, 106, 140, 192 Horse Latitudes, 71 Lancaster, B, 168, 208 lysocline, 73 Hubbard, MN, 41 Langmuir circulation, 82, 145 Lyssacinosida, 88, 188 Hudson Canyon, 63 lantern fish, 148 Humbert, Augustus, 177 larvae, 87, 92, 93, 95, 96, 98, 101, 104, 105, macrofauna, 70, 105, 114, 139, 142, 143, Humphrey, Pat, 80 107, 110, 117, 121, 122, 125, 126, 141 142, 145, 178 Hunter, Lt. T. T., USN, 17 147, 155, 160 Macrostylidae, 105 Hurricane Hugo, 5, 21, 83, 144 actinula, 92 Macros ty Its, 105 hurricane, 4, 5, 18, 22, 23, 47, 48, 145, cydippid 122 Macrouridae, 127, 128, 134-136, 138, 140, 177, 179 cypris, 110 142 147, 148, 150, 195 Hyalinoecia artifex, 104, 114, 124, 125, 192 echinopluteus, 121 madreporite, 112, 116 Hyalocylis striata (striate clio), 64, 99, 191 free-swimming, 93, 98 magnificent frigatebird, 43 hydrogen ion concentration (pH), 60, 73-76 leptocephalus, 135, 136 Malacostega, 193 hydrogen sulfide, 152 nauplii, 105, 110, 141 , 104-106, 192 Hydroida, 91, 92, 104, 115, 189 pelagic, 142 mangrove roots, l6() Hydrolagus a/finis, 128, 129, 134, 150, 195 planktonic, 105, 107, 117, 147 Manhattan, NY, 5, 12 hydrorhiza, 92 planula, 93, 95, 96 Manifest Destiny, 7 hydrostatic pressure, 73, 82, 147 settlement, 91, 95, 106, 120, 125, 155 Manning, Raymond B., 108, 180, 193 hydrostatic skeleton, 94, 123 tornaria larva, 126 Marchand, D., 177 hydrothermal vents, 142 trochophore, 98, 101, 104, 124 marginal plates, 113 Hydrozoa, 65, 91, 92, 94, 189 veliger, 98, 101 Marginulina, 197 Hymedesmia, 87, 125, 188 vitellarium, 112 bacheii, 197 Hymedesmiidae, 87, 188 zoea, 105, 107, 109 glabra, 197 Hyperammina elongata, 197 lateral line, 136, 138, 148 spiniger'a, 197 Hyphomicrobium, 152 Law, George, 17 Marine Biological Association, 63, 78, 179 Lebensspuren, 11, 78 marine biology, 4, 6, 60, 78-150 Ianirella, 105 leeway, 49 marine geology, 4, 6, 60, 76-78 Iceland, 133 Lefroyella decora, 188 marine invertebrates, 4, 6, 62, 65, 73, 78-80, Ilyarachna, 105 Lepadidae, 109, 140, 193 84-126, 136, 142, 146, 148, 162 Ilyarachnidae, 105 Lepadomorpha, 193 marine snow, 85 image processing, 58, 180 Lepidion, 137, 150, 196 Mariner's Museum, 14, 16 immersion jars (canisters), 77, 158, 159 lepidocrocite, 153 Marshall, James, 7 Inarticulata, 125, 126, 193 marsupium, 106 Incirrata (octopus), 178, 192 Leptolaimidae, 123 infared microspectroscopy, 157 Leptolaimus, 123 Martinsville, VA, 196 infauna, 139 Leptophragmella choanoides, 88 Marysville, CA, 177 inframarginal spines, 113 Leptothrix, 81, 152, 153, 187 Mason, Col. Richard B., 7 injunction areas, 50-52 discophora, 152, 153 Mastigophora, 84 Inodrillia dalli, 191 ochracea, 152 materials science, 4, 6, 81, 100, 142, 149, insurance, 6, 45, 46 Leucopsacadidae, 88, 188 160, 163, 165, 180 integument, 103 Leucosyrinx, 191 mathematical search theoiy, 46, 180 Internat. Code of Zool. Nomenclature, 196 Liberia, 143 maxillipeds, 105, 106, 109 iron oxidation, 66, 70, 76, 87, 86, 149, life styles, 4, 159, 163 McDowell, Samuel B., 134, 180, 195 151-153, 157, 163, 174, 178, 180 lignin, 157 McGill University, 86, 125, 188, 190, 196 Ischnomesidae, 105 Lima, Peru, 37 Redpath Museum, 86, 125, 190, 196 , 104-106, 139, 140, 146, 149, 162, Limacina, 64, 99, 191 McGowan, Capt. John N., 11, 17, 43, 44 179, 192 bulimoides (bulimoid pteropod), 99, McKinstry, Lt., USN, 17 common gribble, 106 191 Mediterranean Sea, 72 Italian Order, 172, 175 inflata (planorbid pteropod), 99, 191 Mediterranean Water, 68 Iwamoto, Tomio, 134, 137, 180, 195, 196 lesueuri (Lesueur's pteropod), 99, 191 medusa, 91, 92, 122 trochiformis (trochiform pteropod), 99, megafauna, 139, 142, 143, 178 Jakes, Kathryn A., 81, 83, 84, 157, 158, 19l' megascleres, 87 163-165, 180 Limacinidae, 99, 191 Megelasma subcarinata, 94, 109, 119, 193 Jamaica, NY, 38 Limnoria, 106, 155, 157 Mehl, Dorte, 88, 180 Janirellidae, 105 lignorum, 106 meiofauna, 113, 126, 139-143, 145 Janthina exigua, 64, 97, 191 limonite, 87 Membranipora, 125, 193 Janthinidae, 64, 97, 140, 191 Linhomoeidae, 123 Membraniporidae, 193 jellyfish, 91, 92 Liparinae, 138 Merostomata, 104 Jersey City, NJ, 209 lithogentic red clay, 73 Mesogastropoda, 191 Johnsen, Capt. Anders, 33, 34, 43, 48, 167 Litinium bananum , 123 mesoglea, 93 Jonas, Robert, 153 Litiopa, 98 mesoplax, 100 Justh & Hunter, 175, 177 Lituolidae, 197 Messing, Charles G., 110, 180, 193, 194 Lloyds of London, 159 metabolic rate, 118, 145-147 Karreriella bradyi, 197 Lobata, 190 Metalinhomoeus, 123 Karwowski, James P., 80, 180 Loftusiidae, 197 effilatus, 123 Kellogg, John Glover, 177 London, England, 11, 206 retrosetosus, 123 Kellogg & Humbert, 177 Longicyatholaimus filicaudatus, 123 metamerism, 103, 104 kenozooids, 125 lophophore, 124, 125 metamorphosis, 98, 104, 110, 112, 126, 136 Key West, FL 18 Loran C, 49 meteorology, 46, 53,73, 74, 76, 179 Kingston, Jamaica, 18 Los Angeles, CA, 40 methane seeps, 78 Kleibacker, Charles, 163, 180 Natural History Museum, 134, 137, 138, Metron, Inc., Reston, VA, 46, 180 Kohlmeyer, JanJ., 82, 180 179, 195, 196 Mexican War, 6, 27, 35, 43, 44 Koln, Germany, 208 Lowell, MA, 37 Mexico, 39, 100, 174 lunar meridian, 48 microbial activity, 74, 76, 80, 142, 145, 149, Labrador Sea, 72 lutite, 76 152, 153, 157, 158, 178 218 INDEX VOL. 94 microcrustaceans, 85, 100 , NY, 5, 8, 11, 13-22, 26, 30, noxious chemicals, 88, 89 microcrystallites, 158 34, 35, 38, 39, 40, 43-46, 66, 169, 177, 196, nudibranchs, 90, 97, 110, 125 microorganisms, 79, 80, 95, 139, 142, 143, 207, 208 tethyid, 110 145, 151, 162, 180 New York, 4, 5, 35, 154, 165, 175, 177 numismatic practices, 159, 173 microscleres, 87 new genus, 188 nutrient (profiles),71-76, 82, 124 microvillar mesh, 90, 124 new species, 97, 188-190, 192-194 Miliolidae, 197 Newburyport, NY, 39 O'Meara & Painter, 41 Milioloidea, 187, 197 Newfoundland, 53, 130 Oak Ridge National Laboratoy, 97, 180, Miller, Cynthia, 158, 180 Newsom, Lee. A., 84, 180, 187 190, 196 Miller, John E., 112, 117, 180, 194 newspaper(s), 7, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, oak, 14, 77, 156 mining techniques, 7 33, 34, 36, 44, 45, 46, 168, 209 ocean floor, 24, 54, 64, 67, 77, 95 minor phyla, 122-126 Albany Evening Journal, 41 oceanic crust, 76 Mnemiopsis, 122, 190 Alta California, San Francisco, CA, 33, 34 oceanography, 4-6, 28, 53, 60, 66-78 Moffatt& Co., 177 Baltimore American, 34 octocorals, 92, 93 Molitor, Agoston P., 177 Baltimore Sun, 29 Octopoda, 97, 101, 102, 103, 140, 192 Mollusca, 65, 76, 85, 97-103, 105, 108, 116, Californian, 7 Octopodidae, 192 Octopus, 103 120, 124-127, 134, 139, 142-146, 190 Charleston Courier, 29, 31, 33, 43 Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company, 45 monetary practices, 173-177 Chicago Tribune, 42 Daily Constitutionalist, Augusta GA, 31, Ohio State University, 4, 6, 83, 81, 84, 134, Monhystera microphthalma, 123 157, 158, 163, 164, 166, 168, 169, 179-181, Monhysteridae, 123 37, 42 Crawfordsville Review, Crawfordsville, 187-194, 196 Monte Carlo simulation, 49 College of Pharmacy, 89 Montreal, Quebec, 86, 180, 196 IN, 39 Daily Evening Bulletin, San Francisco, Department of Geological Sciences, 4 Morehouse, T. W., 209 Department of Microbiology, 158 CA, 33, 38, 40, 159 Morgan Iron Works, 12, 13, 52, 53, 207 Department of Plant Biology, 84 Detroit Free Press, 40 Moridae, 127, 128, 136-138, 140, 147, 148, Department of Textiles & Clothing, 81, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, 23, 150, 196 24, 26, 28, 34, 35, 36, 41, 42, 45 83, 157, 163, 166 Morris, Robert H., 38 Harper's Weekly, 29 Department of Zoology, 4 Munida microphthalma, 88, 107, 193 Hartford Courant, Hartford, CT, 37 Historic Costume and Textiles Collection, Munidopsis, 86, 90, 107, 108, 113, 114, Indianapolis Daily Journal, 41 163 116, 146, 193 Milwaukee Daily Sentinel, 35 Museum of Biological Diversity, 4, bermudezi, 90, 107, 193 Mountain Democrat, Placerville, CA, 36 187-193, 194, 196 crassa, 107, 108, 114, 116, 193 New-York Daily Tribune, 18, 29, 30, University Libraries, 169 livida, 107, 193 32-35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 130, 163 olfaction, 127 Ommastrephes bartramii, 101 nitida, 107, 193 New York Herald, 17, 18, 29-31, 34, omnidirectional thruster, 53, 55 rostrata, 107, 193 36-42, 44 Onacock, VA, 33 similis, 107, 193 New York Journal of Commerce, 29, 32, Onesimoides, 106, 192 Munnopsidae, 105 33, 35, 42, 43 Munnopsis, 105 Onuphidae, 192 New York News, steamer edition, 172, oophagy, 129 Mustelus cants, 133 209 Myoida, 190 ooze, 4, 57, 60, 62, 63, 64, 70, 72, 77, 78, New-York Times, 18, 21, 24, 29-31, 33, 36, 79, 64, 85, 90, 97, 98, 101-103, 108, 113, myo tomes, 149 38, 39, 40, 42, AA Mytilidae, 100, 140, 190 114, 118, 119, 121-124, 136, 138, 139, Oregonian, Portland, OR, 35, 168 147, 148 Philadelphia Daily Evening Bulletin, 42, nannoplankton, 83, 90 foraminiferal, 4, 60, 62, 64, 64, 70, 72, 43 77, 78, 79, 83, 85, 97, 101, 102, 119, National Archives, 16 Providence Daily Journal, 33 139 National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Providence Post, 33 Globigerina, 85 102, 107, 181, 190, 192, 193 Red Ring Republican, Red Wing, MN, 41 pteropod, 4, 57, 60, 64, 72, 76, 77, 78, National Maritime Museum, 19 Richmond Daily Dispatch, 24, 29 90, 98, 101, 102, 103, 114, 138, 139, National Museum of Natural History, 92, 93, San Francisco Chronicle, 33 156, 178 96, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 112, San Francisco Daily Alta California, 159 operculum, 97, 104, 105, 124, 134 113, 121, 122, 123 179, 180 San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, 38 Ophidiidae, 82, 103, 108, 127, 128, 135, 137, National Oceanographic Data Center Southern Argus, Norfolk, VA, 36 138, 140, 142, 147, 148, 150, 196 (NODC), 60, 73, 75, 179 Sunday Varities, San Francisco, 169, 209 Ophidiiformes, 134, 137, 138, 196 National Weather Service, 53 Newton, Fred, 49 Ophiodermatidae, 118, 194 Voluntary Observing Ship Program, 53 Nicaragua, 8 Ophiomusium lymani, 57, 101, 118, 119, Nausithoidae, 91, 189 nictitating membrane, 131 120, 194 nautiloids, 101 Night Watch, 40 Ophiuridae, 112, 115, 118-120, 139, 140, Naval Observatory and Hydrographic Office, nineteenth century, 6, 12, 14, 46, 6l, 65, 84, 142, 194 28 149, 153, 165, 167, 171, 173, 175 Opisthobranchia, 97, 98, 191 Naval Postgraduate School, 49 nitrate (profile), 73, 75, 76 Oplophoridae, 107 Nematocarcinidae, 107, 192 nitrogen fixation, 106, 157 Opresko, Dennis, 97, 180, 190 Nematocarcinus, 107', 147, 192 Nodosarioidea, 197 optical ranging, 54 ensiferus, 147, 192 Norfolk, VA, 22, 26, 32, 43, 44 Orbulina universa, 84, 85, 187, 197 nematocyst, 91, 95, 122 North Atlantic Deep Water, 72, 75 Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus, 172, Nematoda (=Nemata), 108, 123, 140-142, 190 North Atlantic Drift, 71 209 Neobythites, 138, 196 North Atlantic Ocean, 4, 5, 24, 46, 60, 63, Orectolobiformes, 133 Neobythitinae, 137, 196 66-82, 85, 91, 107, 108, 124, 133-135, 150, Oregon City, OR, 35, 167, 168, 208 Neogastropoda, 191 151, 156, 187,197 Oregon City Woolen Mfg. Co., 35 Neospongodes agassizi, 65, 93, 189 North Burlingame, CA, 35 Oregon, 32, 35, 87, 208, 209 nepheloid layer, 72, 178 North Equatorial Current, 71 osculum, 86 Nephtheidae, 189 North Falmouth, MA, 180 ossicles, 110, 112, 118, 121 Nereidae, 192 North Salem, NY, 35 Osteichthyes, 126, 134-138, 195 Nereis, 103, 108, 137, 140, 192 Norway, 133 Ostracoda, 141 New Granada, 18 Norwegian Sea, 72, 75 ovicell, 125 New Helvetia, CA, 7 Notacanthidae, 147, 148, 150 oviparity, 129, 134 , LA, 18 Notacanthiformes, 134-136, 195 ovoviviparity, 129 New York Board of Underwriters, 31 Nova University, 110, 180, 193, 194, 196 oxygen minimum, 74, 75 OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE INDEX 219 oxygen, 4, 73, 74, 75, 76, 151, 170 New York & San Francisco Steamship photophores, 107 Oxystominidae, 123 Line, 13 photosynthesis, 73, 74, 76, 80, 139, 142, 143 New York & Savannah Steam Navigation Phycidae, 128, 136, 150, 196 Pacific Ocean, 8, 5, 19, 78, 100, 131, 135, Co., 12 Phyllodocida, 192 168 North American Steamship Co., 13 Physonectae, 189 Page, Jenny, 166 Pacific Mail Steamship Co., 12, 13, 17, phytoplankton, 73, 83, 85, 95, 110 Paguroiclea, 108, 193 19, 22 Pickle Reef, 18 Palaeobrissus hilgardi, 113, 121, 194 Spofford, Tileston & Co., 12 Pinaceae, 187 Palmer, James, 83 Mail Steamship Co., 12, 13, pine, 14, 77, 84, 132, 156, 157, 187 Panama Railroad, 8, 18, 19, 22, 154 17, 18, 22, 38, 43, 159 pinnule, 110-112, 115, 124 Panama Route steam engine builders, 12, 13, Vanderbilt Line, 13 Pinus palustris, 84, 187 17, 19, 154 J. T. Wright Line, 12, 13 pioneer coins, 174, 177 Allaire Iron Works, 12, 13 Panama Route, 5, 6, 8-13, 17, 30, 44, 154, pipefish, 82 Caulkins, William H.,13 160, 165 Placerville, CA, 36 Cunningham, Belknap & Company, 12 Panama, 5, 8, 11, 16-19, 20, 22, 38, 39, 44, placoid scales, 127, 134 Morgan, Charles, 13 46, 66, 100, 154, 159, 169, 209 planetary wind systems, 71 Morgan Iron Works, 12, 13, 17, 19, 154 Panic of 1857, 45 plankton, 85, 95, 97, 98, 103, HI, 116, 122, Novelty Iron Works, 12, 13, 17 paper nautilus, 192 124, 126, 129, 135, 139, 147, 157 T. E. Secor & Co., 12, 13 papillae, 118, 123, 124, 126 Planorbulina inediterranensis, 197 Panama Route steamers, 10, 12-14, 16-18, Paracalliactis, 95, 97, 190 Planorbuliniclae, 197 19, 30, 32, 34, 35, 39, 43, 44, 159 stephensoni, 95 plant divisions, 82-84 Antelope, 13 Paracetonurus flagellicauda, 150 plating experiments, 80 Brother Jonathan, 13 Paractinostola, 95, 96, 153, 189 Pleocyemata, 192 California, 12 new species, 95, 96, 153, 189 pleopocls, 105-109 Cherokee, 12 Paragorgia fohnsoni, 93, 189 Pleurotomella, 191 Paragorgiidae, 189 , 12, 13 bairdii, 191 Paralicella, 106, 192 Colorado, 12 curta, 191 Paralinhomoeus, 123 Constitution, 12 emertonii, 191 Parapaguridae, 97, 140, 193 Cortes, 13 jeffeiysii, 191 Parapagurus , 97, 108, 193 Crescent City, 13, 32 packardii, 191 parapodia, 98, 103 Plutonaster, 112, 113, 194 Empire City, 13, 18, 22, 30, 34, 44 Paris, France, 20, 35, 165, 206 agassizi agassizi, 113 Fulton, 13 passengers, 14, 34, 163, 171, 178 efflorescens, 112, 113, 194 George Laiv, 12-18, 43, 44, 159 patent, 170, 204, 209 Georgia, 13, 17 pneumatocysts, 82 Pawson, David L, 112, 113, 121, 122, 194 pockmark, 78 Golden Age, 13 paxillae, 112, 113 Poecilosclerida, 188 Golden City, 12, 13, 17 Paxillosida, 112, 194 Pogonophora, 124, 140, 192 Golden Gate, 12 pedicellariae, 112, 113, 115, 121 Polk, President James K., 7 Golden Rule, 13 Pedicellasteridae, 113, 140, 194 Polyacanthonotus challenger, 150 Goliah, 12, 13 peduncle, 93, 94, 109, 119, 193 Guiding Star, 13 pelagic species, 76, 77, 97, 102, 103, 135, Polychaeta, 82, 88, 97, 103, 104, 108, 109, 115, 120, 129, 139, 136, 137, 141, 142, Henry Chauncey, 12 142 147, 149, 179, 180, 192 James Adger, 12 Pelagodiscus, 125, 126, 193 Moses Taylor, 12 Pelecypoda, 98 polyethylene glocol solution, 170 New Orleans, 13 Pelosina variabilis, 197 polymorphism, 92, 125 North America, 13 Peneroplis, 84, 187, 197 Polynoidae, 140, 192 polyp, 91-97, 108, 115 Ocean Queen, 13 proteus, 197 Pontosphaeraceae, 187 Ohio, 13 penetration (sunlight), 178 Porifera, 85, 188 , 13, 17 Penn Yan, NY, 208 Panama, 12 Pennales, 83, 187 Porocoma, 123 Sacramento, 12 Pennaria, 91, 189 Poromya neaeroides, 100, 190 San Francisco, 12, 13, 17 Pennariidae, 189 Poromyidae, 100, 190 Sierra Nevada, 13 Pennatula, 93, 189 Porphyrocrinidae, 193 5onora, 13, 18, 19, 22, 34, 35, 39 Pennatulacea, 92, 93, 189 Porphyrocrinus , 110, 112, 193 St. Louis, 13 pentacrinoid stage, 112 Portland, OR, 30, 168 Tennessee, 12, 35 pentamerous symmetry, 110 Portunidae, 107 Union, 12 Peraclididae, 99, 191 pressure, 16, 21, 72, 73, 78, 80, 103, 120, United States, 13 Peraclis, 99, 191 122, 127, 145, 146, 148, 149, 153, 157 Winfield Scott, 13 bispinosa (two-spined pteropod), 99 primary productivity, 71, 73, 82, 139, 142, Panama Route steamship builders, 5, 13, 17, reticulata (reticulate pteropod), 99, 191 149 19 Perciformes, 134, 138, 196 Primnoidae, 189 Bishop & Simonson, 13, 17 perepods, 105, 107 Pristidae, 133 Brown, William EL, 12, 13 periostracum, 97, 100 Pristiformes, 133 Collyer, Thomas and William, 13 peristaltic contraction, 103, 126 Pristis pectinata, 133 Lawrence & Sneeden, 13 permanent thermocline, 71, 82, 148 probability map, 6, 49, 50, 178 Perine, Patterson & Stack, 13 Perry, Commodore Matthew C, 43, 44 proboscis, 126 Quintard, George W, 5, 13, 17 petaloids, 121 Prosobranchia, 97, 98, 190 Roosevelt, Joyce & Waterbury, 13 pH (profile), 73, 74, 75, 178 prostomium, 103 Smith & Dimon, 13. 17 Phaeodaria (=Radiolaria), 84, 85, 188 Protozoa, 76, 84, 85, 142, 187 Steers, Henry, 13 Phaeophyceae, 187 ameboid, 84 Webb, William H., 13 Phaeophyta, 82, 187 ciliated, 84, 142 Westervelt & Co., 13, 19 Phakellia, 87, 90, 188 flagellated, 84 Westervelt & Mackey, 13 Pharmaceuticals, 89 parasitic, 84 Panama Route steamship lines, 12, 13, pheromones, 109 Providence, RI, 33 17, 18, 22, 38, 43, 159 Philadelphia, PA, 43, 46 Psammosphaera fusca, 197 Atlantic & Pacific Steamship Co., 13 Pholadidae, 65, 88, 100, 139, 140, 154-157, Pselionema annulatum, 123 Central American Transit Co., 13 160, 178, 190 pseudopodia, 84, 85 Empire City Line, 13 Phormosoma, 83, 121, 194 Pseudostichopus mollis, 122, 194 New York & California Steamship Co., 13 phosphate (profile), 73, 74, 75, 76 Pseudothecosomata, 191 220 INDEX VOL. 94

Psiloteredo, 100, 155, 160, 190 lights, 56, 103 sclerites, 121 healdi, 100, 160, 190 manipulators 51, 53, 60, 61, 111, 112, Sclerolinidae, 124, 192 megotara, 100, 190 115, 150, 153, 159 Sclerolinum, 124, 192 Psychrolutidae, 128, 138, 140, 149, 150, 196 storage compartment, 59, 153, 159, 161, Scopularia, 188 psychrophilic species, 80, 158 163, 164 Scorpaeniformes, 134, 138, 196 Pteriomorphia, 190 suction dredge (Sea Vac), 57, 173 Scripps Intitution of Oceanography, 89, 134, Pterobranchia, 126 research vessel Arctic Discoverer, 4, 46, 52, 137, 179, 180, 195, 196 Pteroctopus tetracirrhus, 102, 192 53, 54-56, 57, 59-61, 69, 82, 83, 101, 113, sculpins, 127, 128, 135, 138, 140, 149, 150, Pterophysa grandis, 92, 189 117, 120, 127, 129, 144, 145, 152, 159, 162, 196 pteropods, 62, 63, 64, 65, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82, 164, 179 scuta plate, 109, 110 98, 99, 140, 179, 181, 191, 212 Reston, VA, 152, 196 Scyliorhinidae, 133 bulimoid pteropod, 99, 191 reticulopodia, 84, 85 scyphistoma, 92 cigar pteropod, 99, 191 Reussella atlantica, 197 scyphomedusae, 92 curved needle-pteropod, 99, 191 Rhabdammina abyssorum, 84, 187, 197 Scyphozoa, 92, 119, 140, 189 cuspidate clio, 99, 191 Rhabdodictym, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 94, 101, sea anemones, 65, 91-97, 96, 104, 108, 115, four-toothed cavoline, 99, 191 115, 119, 151, 188 139, 140, 153, 178, 179, 189 humpback cavoline, 99, 191 branched form, 94, 101, 151 sea butterflies, 97, 98, 191 inflexed cavoline, 99, 191 delicatum, 89, 188 sea cucumbers, 65, HO, 121, 122, 129, 139, keeled clio, 99, 191 Rhincodon typus, 127, 129, 133 143, 194 Lesueur's pteropod, 99, 191 Rhincodontidae, 133 sea fans, 92, 93, 189 long-snout cavoline, 99, 191 Rice, Mary E., 104, 180, 192 sea feathers, 93 planorbid pteropod, 99, 191 Ridgely-Nevitt, Prof. Cedric, 14 sea lilies, 110-112, 193 pyramid clio, 99, 191 Robbins, Eleanora I., 81, 149, 152, 187 sea pansies, 189 reticulate pteropod, 99, 191 Robertinoidea, 187, 197 sea pens, 92, 93, 189 shelled, 99, 191 Roberts, Marshall O., 38, 43 sea spiders, 104, 125 straight needle-pteropod, 99, 191 Rockall Trough, 149, 150 sea squirts, 126, 195 striate clio, 99, 191 Roper, Clyde F. E., 102, 180, 192 sea stars, 58, 61, 90, 91, 96, 104, 110, three-spined cavoline, 99, 191 Rosenblatt, Richard H, 134, 137, 195, 196 112-120, 139-144, 147, 194 three-toothed cavoline, 99, 191 Rossella, 188 sea urchins, 82, 110, 120, 121, 125, 139, 194 trochiform pteropod, 99, 191 Rossellidae, 88, 188 sea-snails, 191 two-keeled clio, 99 rostrum, 107 seabed, 60, 64, 65, 68, 71, 72, 75, 78, 85, two-spined pteropod, 99 Rotaliina, 197 131, 134, 159, 163, 178, 198, 199, 201-212 uncinate cavoline, 99, 191 Rotifera, 141 seabirds, 132 wavy clio, 99, 191 Rough and Ready, CA, 42 seafloor, 4, 5, 30, 56, 61, 66, 76, 78, 80, 81, Ptychoderidae, 195 rusticle, 4, 66, 70, 81, 86, 149, 150, 151, 152, 87, 127, 136, 138, 143, 145, 147, 148, 149, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, 197 153, 163, 178, 180, 207, 211 178 Pulmonata, 97 Rutgers University, 134, 180, 195 shallow-water, 4, 80, 85, 93, 97, 100-102, Pycnogonida, 104, 125 126, 147, 155, 160 pygidium, 103 Sabatieria, 123 SeaMARC 1A, side -scan sonar 49, 51 Pyrgo subsphaerica, 197 americana, 123 search plan, 6, 48 triplex, 123 seawater, 17, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 84, 90, 98, quartz, 36, 173 Sabellida, 94, 104, 192 104, 110-112, 116, 120-122, 125-127, 143, quillworms, 87, 103, 104, 114, 124, 125, 192 Saccammina, 197 149, 158, 162, 174 Quinqueloculina seminula, 197 atlantica, 197 Sebastian County, AR, 40 sphaerica, 197 Sedentaria, 192 rachis, 93 Saccamminidae, 197 sediment core, 51, 52, 60, 62, 78, 79 radial canal, 116 Saccorhiza ramosa, 197 sediment oxygen demands, 73 radial shield, 118 Sacramento, CA, 5, 7, 33, 35, 173, 177, 208 sediment, 4, 62, 64, 67, 70, 72, 73, 76-78, radial symmetry, 91, 93 sail plan, 12, 14, 30 80, 83-85, 88, 90, 93-108, 112, 113, radiocarbon dating, 60, 78, 79 salinity, 66, 71-74, 75, 76, 110, 151, 178 118-126, 129, 136, 139-147, 160-163, 167, radiolarians, 73, 84, 85, 140 sampling devices, 53, 54, 56, 57-62, 179 178-180, 211 radiole, 104 San Antonio and San Diego Mail Line, 33 sedimentation rate, 68, 78, 79, 178 radula, 97, 98, 101, 102, 103 San Francisco Minstrels, 33 Serolidae, 105 raft, 24, 28, 29, 41, 97, 130 San Francisco, CA, 7, 8, 9, 17, 18, 19, 22, 32, Serolis, 105 Raja, 127, 128, 129, 130, 150, 196 35, 37-39, 41, 165, 166, 169, 173, 175, 177, Serpulidae, 104, 140, 173, 192 bigelowi, 150 208, 209 sessile species, 60, 69, 91-95, 98, 112, 125, jenseni, 127, 128, 129, 130, 150, 196 San Jose, CA, 39 178 Rajidae, 128, 140, 149, 150, 195 San Mateo County Historical Association, 36 setae, 104, 109, HO, 125 Rajiformes, 129, 195 San Pablo, New Granada, 8 sexual dimorphism, 114 Ralston, William Chapman, 35, 165, 200 Santa Cruz, CA, 37 , China, 210 raptorial feeders, 104 Sarcodina, 84, 187 sharks, 127-134, 143, 146, 147, 150, 195 ratfishes, 127 Sargassaceae (sargassum weed), 80, 82, 83, angel, 133 rattails, 134, 136, 147, 148, 195 120, 140, 143, 187 basking, 133 Raymond, Samuel O., 153, 180 Sargasso Sea, 24, 66, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75, 83, cat, 133 Recoveiy Limited Partnership, 6 98, 144 deep-habitat, 133 reducing conditions, 153, 163, 178 Sargassum, 24, 77, 80, 82, 83, 98, 103, 120, dogfish, 128, 130, 133, 150, 195 regeneration, 88, 110, 117, 119, 120 125, 142, 144, 145, 187 Greenland, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131-133, Reiswig, Henry M., 86-88, 90, 125, 180, 188, fluitans, 82, 83, 187 146, 195 190, 196 natans, 82, 83, 187 ghost, 127, 128, 134, 195 Remorina albescens, 129 satellite navigation system, 53, 55 hammerhead, 133 Reophax dentaliniformis, 197 Sausalito, CA, 19 kitefin, 133 research submersible Nemo, 4, 46, 50, 51, 53, Savannah, GA, 22, 44, 62 live-bearing (viviparous), 132 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 6l, 72, 73, 77, 79, 83, Scalpellidae, 109, 140, 193 mackerel, 133 92, 95, 102, 103, 107, 111-113, 115, 119, scanning electron microscope (SEM), 81, 83, oceanic whitetip, 127 120, 127, 130, 131, 134, 135, 138, 139, 145, 84, 95, 158, 180 Portuguese, 133 148, 150-153, 159, 161, 163, 164, 173, 178 Schizomycetes, 187 sixgill, 133 camera and lighting booms, 56, 102, 130 Schizoporella, 125 sleeper, 130, 131 cameras, 56, 60, 6l, 72, 107, 127, 159 Scleractinia, 91, 93, 96, 140, 190 smooth dogfish, 133 OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE INDEX 221

spiny dogfish, 130, 133 sound velocity (profile). 73, 74, 76 gold-gilded, 207 thresher, 133 South Atlantic Bight, 71 silver, 207 whale, 127, 129, 133 South Atlantic Ocean, 66, 73, 126 wood, 174, 207 white, 133 Southwestern Museum, 40 bracelet, 198 Sharon, CT, 39 Spain, 173 brick, 95, 198 Shearer, Capt., 49 Spatangoida, 194 British Royal Arms imprint. 203, 20i Sheldon, Paul, 80 specimen locations, 187-196, 212 brooch, 198 shells, 64, 85, 98, 100, 105, 108, 173, 190, specimens, 54, 61, 187-196, 212 button, 200, 201 191, 193 biological, 187-196, 212 eagle design, 200 bubble, 191 geological, 212 metal, 201 lamp, 125, 193 Spectrunculus grand is, 150 shell, 201 top, 190 spermatophores, 124 wood, 201 turret, 191 Spermatophyta, 84, 187 canvas, 202 violet, 97 spermatozoa, 110 carving, 166, 208, 211 Sherlock, G., 48 Sphaerolaimidae, 123 Oriental, 166, 208 Sherman, William Tecumseh, 7, 45 Sphaerolaimus, 123 wood, 211 ship model, 14, 16 Sphacrotilus natans, 152 case, pencil lead, 206 shipworms, 14, 18, 70, 100, 144, 154, 155, Sphynia mokarran, 133 ceramic objects, 175, 178, 203, 209 156, 159, 160, 190 Sphyrnidae, 133 chafing gear, 207 shipwreck site(s), 4, 6, 27, 35, 46, 60, 65, 68, spicule, 85, 87-89, 90, 93, 95 chain, jewelry, 198 71-73, 75, 77, 80-82, 84, 85, 88, 90, 93, 94, spinneret, 123 chamber pot, 171, 204 96, 100, 102, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, Spinulosida, 112, 113, 194 checkbook, 169, 208 113, 116, 118-120, 125, 126, 130, 134, 137, Spiocbaetopterus, 104, 192 checkerboard set, 169, 209 138, 145, , 149, 153, 156, 158-161, 166, costanmi, 192 chemise, 165, 200 170, 173. 174 Spiroloculinci depressa, 197 cigar and tobacco, 168, 202 Site A-2, 49, 50 , 57, 64, 66, 67, 85-91, 94, 97, 108, clothing, 165, 167, 198, 201 Site D-l, 50, 51 115, 117, 119, 125, 130, 134, 139. 143, 146, coal (boiler), 51, 67, 79, 104, 109, 140, Site D-2, 50, 142, 143, 144 179, 180, 188 162, 212 Site D-3, 50 spongin fibers, 87 coat, 36, 165, 166, 168, 199, 202 Site FA, 51, 52 Sporozoa, 84 coin, foreign. 174, 209 Site H, 49, 50, 51, 64, 76, 77, 78, 88, 102, squalene, 147 comb, 203 107, 122, 126, 127, 129, 130 Squaliclae, 128, 130, 133, 140, 147, 150, 195 communication artifacts, 208, 209 shipwreck(s), 58, 60-64, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75, Squaliformes, 130, 133, 195 copper 198, 205-208, 211 76, 78-80, 83-132, 138-155, 161-163, 175, Squaliolus laticaudus, 130 alloys,149-154, 157, 205, 206, 211 187, 197, 198 Squalomorphii, 195 sheathing, 207 shrimps, 82, 88, 106, 107, 109, 142, 147, 149, Squahis acbanthias, 130 cotton, 157, 165, 199, 200, 202, 206 192 squat lobsters, 107 cravat, 201 Sibley, Lucy R., 163, 164, 165, 168, 180 Squatina dumerili, 133 cruet, 170, 204 side-scan sonar, 6, 46, 49, 51, 52. 78, 178 Squatinidae, 133 cuff links, 36, 201 siclerite, 153 Squatiniformes, 133 Davis vegetable pain killer, 171, 206 Siderocapsa, 152 squids, 97, 101, 102, 127, 132, 136 deaclbolt, 198 Sieburth, John McNeill, 84, 180, 187 SS Central America artifacts, 198-212 deadeye, 207 sigma-t (profile), 74 adornments, 171, 198 decanter, 170, 204 Sigsbee, Lt. Cdr. CD., USN, 5 amalgamation product, 212 diamond, 172, 175, 198 silicate (profile), 73, 75, 76, 83, 85, 87 ambrotype, 36, l6l, 166, 168, 208, 209, dinner plate, 205 silicone, 58, 59 212 dish (tableware), 17, 37, 170, 204, 205 silver cup (Birch), 21, 24, 26, 33, 40, 41 portrait, 36, 166, 168, 208, documentary artifact, 208 Simenchelyinae, 128, 135, 147, 195 amethyst, 172, 175, 198 doll (India rubber), 169, 170, 172, 209 Simenchelys parasiticus, 128, 129-131, 132, ammunition, 206 door, 198, 209 135, 138, 150, 195 ascot, 201 knob, 198 Simms, J. A., 168, 208 bandbox, 202 number, 209 Simon, Robert, 39 bell, 51-53, 153, 154, 170, 207 dress, 199 Simonson, Jeremiah, 12 ships, 51, 52, 53, 154, 207 emerald, 172, 175. 198 sinking dynamics and scenarios, 49, 50, 162 signal, 154, 170, 207 enamel, 209 siphon, 100, 102, 126, 155 belt, 36, 201 envelope, 171, 206, 208 siphonoglyph, 92, 94, 96, 97 buckle, 166, 201 feather, 212 Siphonolaimidae, 123 bloomers, 165, 200 feminine douche, 171, 174, 203 Siphonophora, 91, 92, 140, 189 bolt, 205 fire hose, 206 Sipuncula, 124, 140, 190 book, 169, 208 firearm , 206 skates, 127, 128, 129, 130, 134, 147, 149, Count of Monte Cristo, 169, 208 footwear, 162, 168, 198 150, 195 Lady Lee's Widowhood, 169, 208 frame, picture, 208 sketches (Audubon), 39 Prairie Flower, 169, 208 frock, 199 slickheads, 147, 150 boot, 198, 209 games, 169, 209 slime mold, 129 bottle stopper, 198 garnet, 172, 175, 198 Smith, C. Lavett, 130, 134, 138, 195, 196 bottle, 161, 166, 170, 172, 173, 203, 204, gasket, 208 Smithsonian Institution, 93, 103, 106, 108, 206-208 gimbal, 154, 155, 206 109, 112, 113, 121-125, 188-194, 196 beer and ale, l6l, 170. 204 glass. 204, 206, 208. 210 Smithsonian Marine Station, Link Port, FL. champagne, 204 glassware, 140. 170 104, 180 cologne, 166, 203, 208 gloves, 36, 165, 201 Society of California Pioneers. 38 medicine, 206 goblet. 162, 170. 204 solar radiation. 73, 148 perfume, 203 gold, 57-59, 140, 173-178, 198, 200-202, Solariella infundibulum, 97, 190 stoneware, 170, 173, 204 207-209, 211, 212 Somniosus, 127, 128, 129. 130, 131, 133, wine. 161, 170. 204 bars. 58, 174-176, 177. 178, 209 146,150, 195 wine-tester, 170, 172, 204 coins, 57-59, 173, 176, 177, 178. microcephalus, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, bowl, 203, 204 207, 208 133, 150, 195 box. 202, 207 dust, 173, 211, 212 pacificus, 131, 133 cardboard, 207 ingots, 173, 209 Soritidae, 187, 197 fabric, 207 nuggets, 173, 198, 212 INDEX VOL. 94 gown, dressing, 36. 165, 167. 199 scarf and sash. 201. 202. 206 cylinder rod. 52 grooming articles, 170, 171 screw, 205 cylinder, 16, 17, 52 gunpowder flask, 166, I69. 206 seal, wax. 208, 209 de-icing device, 51 hair, comb. 203 shaving kit, 169-171. 203. 204. 208 deadlights. 27 hairbrush, 162, 209 ship timber and wood, 89, 104, 129, 130, deckhouse, 16 handkerchief, 158, 202 140. 207 deck(s), 14, 15, 67, 79, 82, 143, 169 hook and eye set, 201 shirt, 36. 158, 165, 166, 168, 199-201 dining saloon, 15. 16, 18, 170 hose, fire, 206 collar, 158, 165, 168, 199-201 distress rocket, 24, 26, 30, 36, 47 hygiene instrument, 171, 174. 203 dress, 166, 172, 199-200 donkey boiler, 26 hypodermic syringe, 206 shoe, 198 dumb waiter. 16 iron, 140, 178, 205, 210 silk, 157, 165, 199-202 engine machinery, 12, 16, 17, 34, 52, 64, castings and machinery, 178, 210 silver, 174, 205, 209 149, 159. 162 ironstone china, 170, 171, 203-205 coins. 174, 209 engine room, 31 ivory and jade, 208 foil, 209 fire tube boilers, 16 jar. 171, 175, 203, 206, 207, 212 soap dish, 21, 171. 174, 203, 204 fireroom, 17 jewelry, 198 sock and stocking, 166, 198, 199 First Cabin(s), 14, 15, 21 joinville, 201 spat, 199 fly-ball governor, 16, 118 key, 206 spike, 69, 205 foremast, 14, 15, 26, 30 knife, pocket, 202 spoon, 205 foresail, 14, 26 label, 208 string and twine, 2J2 galley, 15, 16 lamp, whale-oil, 153, 170. 198 stud, 36, 202 hanging knee(s), 14, 65, 67, 90, 115, 130, latch mechanism, 163, 198 suspenders, 202 155, 156, 160, 163, 172 leather, 86, 140, 198, 203, 205, 207, 210 textiles, 157-159, 198-203, 209, 210 hold, 162 ledger book, 169, 208 tintype, 209 hull, 12, 14, 17-19, 21, 26, 27, 30, 46, 50, letter, 35, 168, 208, 209 toiletry articles, 171, 174, 203, 204 64, 65-67, 76, 79, 82, 98, 112, 119, 129, linen fabric, 81, 84, 158, 165, 166, 168, tongs, wooden, 202 138, 143, 149, 153, 155, 159, 160, 162, 169, 199-202 tools for science and technology, 206 178 luggage tag, 153, 154, 209 toothbrush, 204 hurricane deck, 14, 15, 24, 28, 32 Maddock's patent ironstone china, 204, toy, 169, 209 iron tank(s), 64, 66, 67, 87, 88, 92, 94, 205 tray, silver, 205 97, 151 medal, political, 160, 172, 175, 209 trunk (luggage), 4, 35, 36, 66, 71, 81, 84, ironworks, 16, 51, 52, 66, 67, 79, 86, 93, medical tools and equipment. 206 87, 90, 95, 96, 100, 101, 126, 153, 157, 102, 107, 114, 118, 143, 150, 153, 163, metal objects, 104, 140, 147. 166, 198, 158. 162-171. 178. 198-204. 206-208 178 201-203, 205-212 Dement, 35, 84, 90, 158, 163, 164, keclge anchor, 26 metalworking tools and equipment. 205 167, 169-171, 198-204, 206-212 keel, 163 mug, 204, 205 disintegrated, 162, 198, 203. 204 life preservers, 41 mustache brush, 203 doctor's bag, 163, 171, 206 lileboat(s), 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 30, 32, 38, nail, 205, 110 Kaston trunk, 36, 81, 157, 158, 163 39, 49 navigation tools, 153 165. 166-171.198-204, 206-212 machinery, 149 necklace, 198 parts, 153, 158, 162, 202, 203 main deck, 14, 15, 163 necktie, 165, 168, 201, 202, 212 underwear, 158, 168, 200 mainmast, 14, 15, 16 newspaper, 165, 169, 172, 198, 207. 209, vest, 166, 168. 200 masts, 16 210 waistcoat, 36, 165, 166, 200, mizzen, 18 numismatic objects. 163. 168, 209 wash basin, 21, 57, 160, 171, 174, 203 mizzenmast, 14, 15 Oriental carving, 166, 208 watch fob, 166, 167, 198 mooring bits, 15 outerwear, 165, 168, 199 wicker, 211 orlop cleck(s), 14, 15 padlock, 153, 206 wire, 212 paddle boxes, 16 pants (trousers), 35, 165, 169, 199, 202 wood, 189, 198, 201-203, 206-212 paddle-box guards, 16 paper, 163, 165, 169, 178, 203, 204, 206 wool, 199, 200 paddle wheel(s) (side wheels), 15, 16, 209, 211, 212 written communication tools, 206 17, 30. 51, 52, 64, 65, 66, 114, 117, pen, quill, 166, 200, 207 SS Central America components, 14-17 162 pendant, 198 anchor chain, 26, 57, 66, 70, 88, 92, 149, pilothouse, 15, 59 petticoat, 36, 165, 200 162 piston, 16, 17 photograph, case, 202 anchor, 26, 50 porthole, 153 pin, jewelry, 198 auxiliary sails, 17 rivets, 151 pipe, ceramic, 202 ballast tanks, 17 rudder, 15, 65, 70 pistol, 36, 165, 166, 168, 206 barkentine rigging, 14, 15 sail canvas, 27 pitcher, 21, 160, 161, 170, 171, 173, 174, beam. 89 saloon, 21, 39 203-205 bell, 51. 52, 53, 153 Second Cabin(s), 14, 15, 21 cream and milk, 161, 205 benches, wooden, 14 skylight(s),l4, 15 Oriental, 173 boatswain's boat. 47 slide valve, 16 water, 21, 160, 161, 171, 174, 204 boiler(s), 16. 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 30, 65, smokestack, 15. 16 porthole, 153, 208 67, 86, 162 spar deck (weather deck), 14, 15 potteiy, 50, 104, 125, 140, 165, 166, 170, bow. 162 spencer(s), 14, 30 209 bowsprit, 15, 16 sponson deck, 15 purse, 174, 203 bunkers, 17 square-rigged sails, 14 quartz, 198. 212 canvas, 26, 30 stanchions. 14 nugget, 212 capstan, 96 staterooms, 40 rose, 172, 175, 198 Captain's gig, 32 steam pumps, 37 regulative and protective tools, 206 Captain's stateroom. 16 steam whistles. 52 ring, 171, 172, 175, 198, 207 cathead, 15, 26 Steerage 15, 16, 21 jewelry, 171, 172, 175, 198 compass, 154 steering-wheel, 14 wood, 207 connecting rod, 16. 17. 52 storm spencer. 30 rivet, 151, 205 copper sheathing, 14, 18, 70, 138, 153, strong room, 18 robe, 36, 158, 166, 199 159 tanks, 64, 67 rubber. 203, 204, 208, 209, 211 crank arm. 16 timber(s). 4, 32, 57, 65, 68. 69. 77, 86, 91, ruby, 167, 172, 175, 198 crankshaft, 16, 17 93, 94, 100, 103, 107-109, 115, 119, 129, saucer, l6l, 205 crosshead, 16, 17, 52 132, 138, 140, 143, 145, 146, 155, 178, 207 OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE INDEX 223

water closet(s) 16 Lockwood, Harriet, 20, 24, 37 Straits of Gibraltar, 68 water tank(s), 151, 162 Lockwood, Harriet Maria, 37 strobilation, 92 water-tight bulkheads, 44 Lockwood, Rose Alice, 37 Strombus, 100, 101 wheelhouse, 15, 24, 26, 41 Lockwood, Rufus, 20, 24, 37 galcutus, 100 Worthington pump(s), 26 Lockwood, Rufus Albert, 37 gigas, 100, 101 Y tube, 16 Manlove, Oliver Perry, 29, 31, 32, 41 Styeliclae, 195 SS Central America officers and crew, 5, Marvin, Amanda, 31, 37, 38 Styliola subula (keeled clio), 64, 99, 191 17-20, 26, 27, 30, 32, 38, 6l, 66, 150, 159, Marvin, William H., 37 subchelate appendages, 105 178 McNeish, Thomas, 29 submarine topographic feature, 62 Ashby, George (chief engineer), 4, 18, Monson, Alonzo Castle, Judge, 20, 36, submersible, 4, 6, 46, 51, 52, 53, 56, 57, 77, 36, 44 38, 47 83, 92, 102, 111, 117, 119, 120, 127, 131, Black, John (boatswain), 30 O'Connor, Eleanor, 41, 44 135, 136, 138, 139, 145, 148, 161, 163, 178 Brush, Gabriel (baggage-master), 33 O'Connor, Henry T., 31, 41, 44 substrate, 92-94, 96, 103, HO, 112, 116, 117, Dawson, Lucy (stewardess), 32 Ollague, Aldolfo, 37 121, 125, 139 Frazer, James M. (second officer), 30, 35, Ollague, Ricardo, 37 suckerfish, white, 129 36, 47 Pahud, Augustine Rosalie, 37 sulfate reduction, 152 Grant, Alexander (fireman), 24, 28, 29, Payne, Theodore, 36, 38 Sunga, Gabriela, 80 32, 41 Priest, Albert, 38, 47 suspended particles, 78, 143, 178 Herndon, William Lewis (captain), 11, Redding, Ann, 39 suspension feeders, 94, 98, 116, 121, 142, 17-21, 23, 24, 26, 30-33, 35, 36, 38, 39, Richon, Ange, 173 147 41-45, 47, 48, 50, 52, 179 Seeger, Bernhard, 34 Sutter, Capt. John, 5, 7 Hull, Edward W. (purser), 30 Seeger family, 34, 44 Swansea, MA, 20 Hull, William H. (storekeeper), 30 Seeger, Mary, 34 swim bladder, 127, 134, 136, 138, 147-149 Raymond, David (quartermaster), 32 Small, Anna, 38 swimmerets, 107 Tennison, Dr. Joseph T. (steamer's Stevens, John O., 39, 40 Sydney Opera House , 88, 91 surgeon), 36 Swan child, 42 symbiotic organisms, 91, 94, 156 Tice, John Lee (assistant engineer), 24, Swan, Mary, 42 Sympagella nux, 188 28, 29, 31, 41 Swan, Samuel, 42 Synallactidae, 122, 140, 194 Travis, James (seaman), 32 Vose, Charles A., 41 Synaphobranchidae, 128, 135, 148, 150, 195 Van Rensselaer, Charles W. (first officer), SS Central America relatives and Synaphobranchinae, 135, 147, 195 38 descendants of voyagers, 46 Synaphobranchus, 128, 129, 135, 150, 195 SS Central America passengers, 4, 5, 10, 12, Arthur, Gen. Chester A., 29 n, 128, 135, 149, 150, 195 14, 16-19, 20, 22, 23, 27, 31, 38, 61, 66, Birch, Frank, 33, 40 100, 101, 130, 149, 150, 159, 169, 178 Birch, Julia, 33, 41 tapetum, 107 Adolph, Frederick, 29 Dement, William, 35 Taunton, MA, 42 Ayulo, Enrique, 40 Frazer, Herndon, 30 , 79, 85, 123, 140, 178, 187-197 Badger, Jane, 21, 23, 24, 32, 34, 36, 44 Herndon, Ellen Lewis, 29 tegmen, 110 Badger, Capt. Thomas W., 21, 24, 26, 29, Herndon, Frances Hansbrough, 29, 35 Telegraph Hill, 19 30, 32, 33, 34, 42, 43, 48, 50 Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 26, 28, 45 Teleostei, 134, 135, 195 Bassford, Joseph, 29, 31, 39, 44 Messagee, Herndon, 30 telepresence, 54 Birch, James E., 20, 24, 26, 33, 40, 41 Messagee, Mrs. George D., 30 telson, 105 Birch, Virginia, 21, 24, 47 Mills, Darius Ogden, 35, 165 temperature, 66, 68, 72-76, 78, 122, 127, 139, Birch, William, 21, 24, 26, 33, 43 SS Central America rescue, 22, 25, 31-37, 42, 141, 145, 148, 149, 157, 178 Bonneau, Louis, 41 43, 46, 48 tentacles, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 98, 101, 121, Bowley, Angeline, 42 SS Central America shipwreck, 4-6, 48-53, 122, 124 Brown, Robert Turnbull, 34, 35, 176 73, 76, 77, 78, 85, 91, 93, 95, 96, 98, Tentaculata, 190 Caldwell, Stephen, 40 100-106, 110-119, 122-124, 127, 129, 131, Teredinidae, 100, 106, 154, 155, 160, 190 Casey, Jacob M., 40 132, 139, 141, 142, 153, 155, 159, 175, 176 Teredo, 100, 155, 157 Casey, Randolph W., 40 SS Central America sinking, 24, 27, 28, terga plate, 109, 110 Chase, William, 40 29-31, 33-37, 40, 41, 42, 46-49, 65, 69, 100, terrestrial (terrigenous) sediment, 76, 178 Childs, Henry H., 29, 35, 42 159, 160, 163, 168, 177 tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), 170 Dawson, George, 24, 26, 28, 32, 33, 40, SS Central America site, 97, 102, 115, 142, Teuthoidea, 101 41, 130, 163 143, 144, 146, 147, 154, 167, 177, 178 textiles, 84, 142, 149, 157-159, 163, 164, 178 Dement, Lt. John D., 29, 34, 35, 87, 163, SS Central America, 4-6, 10, 11, 12-14, 16, Textularia secasensis, 197 164, 167, 168, 208 17, 18-21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29-33, 35-38, Textulariidae, 197 Easton, Adeline Mills, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 40-44, 45, 46, 48-51, 53, 57, 58, 63, 64, Thalassia testudinata, 142 34-37, 42, 44, 163, 165, 166, 167 65-67, 68, 69, 70-72, 76, 79, 81-84, 87, 89, The Birds of America, 43 Easton, Ansel Ives, 20, 21, 24, 26, 33-36, 90, 99, 128, 140, 149-153, 155-157, 159, The Forty Niner, 40 42, 163, 165, 167, 200, 208 166, 167, 170, 175, 177, 178, 187, 197, 198 The Marine Redowa, 25 Ellis, Dr. Alvin A., 36 St. Nicholas Hotel, Oroville, CA, 40 The Story of Our Wedding fourney, 35 Ellis, Charles, 36 stagecoach lines, 24, 33 The Wrecking of the SS Central America, 32 Ellis, Lillie, 36 steam engines, 5, 12, 13, 16, 179, 181 Thecanephria, 192 Ellis, Lynthia, 36 inclined, 12, 13 Thecosomata, 98, 191 Esquema, Pasqual, 173 oscillating, 12, 13 Theristus longicaudatus, 123 Fallon, James, 38, 39 side lever, 12, 13 thermocline, 67, 68, 73, 74, 149 Fallon, Lawrence, 39 vertical beam, 12, 13, 19 thermohaline circulation, 66 Fallon, Winifred, 38, 39 walking beam, 12, 13 Thiobacillus-Ferrobacillus, 151 Harris child, 39 steamships, side-wheel, 5, 8, 12, 14, 17, 19, Thoracica, 109, 193 Harris, Jane, 29, 39 22, 26, 31, 61, 65, 149 Thouarella crenulata, 87, 93, 189 Harvey, Dr. Obed, 30, 36, 42 Stelleroidea, 112, 194 Toll, Ronald, B., 89, 96, 100, 102, 108, 180, Hawley, Ada, 36, 37 Stephanoscyphus (=Nausithoe), 92, 119, 189 190-192 Hawley, DeForest, 36, 37 stigmata, 126 Tolypammina vagans, V)l Hawley, Frederick, 36, 37 Stockton, CA, 39 tomopterids, 103 Hawley, Willis, 36, 37 Stolidobranchia, 140, 195 Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, 85, 142 Jones, Frank A., 29, 31, 37 stolon, 92, 93, 125 towfish, 49 Kittredge, Almira Mead, 31, 37, 38 Stone, Capt. Samuel D. 42, 43 trabecular net, 88 Kittredge, Dr. F. M., 37 Stone, Lawrence D., 46, 180 tracks (trails), 64, 76, 144 Lee, Barney M., 41 Straits of Florida, 20, 21, 68, 169 transcontinental railroad, 44 224 INDEX VOL. 94 transit-satellites fixes, 49 Verrucidae, 109, 140, 193 Wass, Samuel C, 177 transponders, 54 Verrucomorpha, 109, 193 Waterford, OH, 36 trawl, 5 vertebral ossicles, 118 Webb Institute of Naval Architecture, 14, Triakidae, 133 Vertebrata, 126-138, 195 179, 180 Trifarina angulosa, 197 vertebrates, 126-138, 195 Webb, William H., 5, 12, 13, 17, 18 Trition Technology, Inc., 49 vertical profile measurements, 60, 73-76 Weddell Sea, 72 tritium tracers, 72 density (sigma-t), 60, 73-76 Wells, Fargo & Co., 169, 171, 208 Trochacea, 190 depth, 60, 73-76 Wesleyan College, 100, 102, 180, 190-192, Trochammina squamata, 197 dissolved oxygen, 60, 73-76 196 Trochamminidae, 197 inorganic phosphate, 60, 73-76 Western Boundary Undercurrent, 66, 72 Trochidae, 97, 140, 190 nitrates, 60, 73-76 Western North Atlantic Water, 66, 67, 68 trophosome tissue, 124 pH, 60, 73-76 Westervelt, Jacob A., 12, 17, 19 Troy Line, 13 salinity, 60, 73-76 westward intensification, 66 tube feet, 113, 116-118, 121 silicates, 60, 73-76 Williams, Austin B., 107, 181, 193 tubercles, 108, 112, 120, 130 temperature, 60, 73-76 Williamson & Associates, Inc, 49 tubes, wood-boring bivalves, 100, 144, vessels Wilmington, NC, 145 155-157, 160 A.T. Cameron, 53 Winston, Judith E., 125, 181, 193 Tubularia, 92, 189 Alvin, 155 Wm. H. Keith & Co., 208 Tubulariidae, 140, 189 Antelope, 8 wood objects, 57, 60, 65, 84, 100, 106, 108, tunicates, 85, 94, 126, 134, 140, 195 Bragdon, 8 114, 142-146, 149, 152, 154, 155, 162, 163, tunicin, 126 Emily B. Souder, 32 178 turbidity currents, 105 Illinois, 17, 33 wood test panels, 76, 77, 80, 132, 156, 157 turbidity, 60, 72, 73, 143 Iris, 44 wood-boring molluscs, 4, 18, 65, 77, 82, 84, Turner, Ruth D., 100, 106, 120, 155, 156, Arctic Discoverer, 52, 54-56, 57, 59 100, 106, 108, 144, 154-157, l6l, 162, 174, 157, 160, 180, 190, 191, 194 Arctic Ranger, 53 178 Turridae, 97, 140, 191 Arctic, 32 Woods Hole, MA, 119, 155 Atlas, 32 worms, 87, 94, 103, 104, 114, 116, 123-126, U.S. Army, 35, 41 Augustine Herald, 39 129, 134, 137, 139, 140, 143, 144, 147, 190, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 4, 5 Blake, 4, 5, 92 192, 195 U.S. Congress, 7, 28 Central America , 14-17 acorn, 126, 195 U.S. District Court, Norfolk, VA, 51 City of Norfolk, 22, 43 beard, 124, 192 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 81, 83, 149, El Dorado, 35, 48 bristle, 108, 192 152, 179, 180, 187, 196 Ellen, 22, 24, 30, 33-44, 47, 48, 52, 167 chaetopterid, 104, 140 U.S. Mail, 8, 12, 13, 17-19, 22, 33, 38, 43, 44, Galathea, 100 eunicid, 140 159, fane A. Falkinberg, 21, 32 nereid, 103, 108, 137, 140 U.S. Mint, 7 fohn I. Stephens, 167 parchment, 192 Charlotte, NC, 173 Laura, 22 peanut, 124, 190 Dahlonega, GA, 173 Leviathan, 18 polychaete, 103, 109, 129, 137, New Orleans, LA, 173 Mahaska, 31 139, 147, 192 Philadelphia, PA, 7, 173, 175 Marine, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30-43, 47, 48 polynoid, 140 San Francisco, CA, 59, 173, 175, 177 Mary, 22, 26, 29, 41, 130 quillworms, 87, 103, 104, 114, U.S. National Observatory, 26, 45 Nemo, 53-62 124, 125, 192 LJ.S. Naval Academy, 14, 16, 20, 45 Nicor Navigator, 52 roundworms, 123, 190 U.S. Navy, 27, 31, 44 Ohio, 17 scale, 103, 192 Umbellula, 93189 Pine River, 52 sabellid, 94 Umbellulidae, 189 Rival, 35 serpulid, 104, 140 umbo, 100 Satellite, 18 sipunculan, 124 underwater archaeology, 4, 6, 81, 84, 104, Savannah, 13 trails, 144 157, 158, 159, 179, 189 Saxony, 22 tube-dwelling, 124 Underwriters Investigating Committee, 27 Shubrick, 30 tubicolous, 103, 104 undescribed species, 93, 100, 125, 178 Sonora, 169 Univerity of California, Berkeley, 19, 33, 41 Texas, 167 x-ray analysis, 158, 179 University of Kansas, 94,. 179, 189, 190 Thomas Swann, 22 Xylophaga, 100, 101, 144, 146, 155, 190 University of Maryland, 130, 134, 179, 195 Titanic, 149, 150, 153 abyssorum, 100, 155, 190 University of North Carolina, 82, 180 Troy, 13 Xylophagainae, 100, 101, 145, 190 University of Rhode Island, 84, 180, 187 vibraculum, 125 Xyloredo, 67, 100, 144, 155, 156, 160, 190 Urochordata, 126, 195 video images (transmission), 4, 58, 60, 66, new species, 100, 190 Urophycis chesteri, 128, 129, 136, 150, 196 93, 102, 104, 111, 117-119, 122, 127, 130, nooi, 100 155, 190 uropods, 105, 106, 107, 108 136, 138, 148, 155, 161 Utica, NY, 34 videotape, 4, 6, 96, 100, 102, 103, 106, 107, Yale University, 38, 179 Uvigerina, 197 108, 119, 121, 123, 130, 134, 138 yeast colonies, 81 hispidocostata, 197 Virginia Museum of Natural History, 125, Yokohama, Japan, 44 peregrina, 197 181, 193, 196 Uvigerinidae, 197 Virginia, 16, 19, 21, 84, 153 Zoantharia (=Hexacorallia ), 92, 94, 189 visibility, 60, 73 Zoanthidea, 93, 97, 108 Vaginulinidae, 197 viviparity, 90, 129 Zoarcidae, 128, 138, 140, 148-150, 196 Valvulinidae, 197 Voight, Janet, 102, 181, 192 zoecium, 124, 125 Vecchione, Michael, 102, 181, 190, 192 zooids, 124, 125 Veneridae, 140, 190 Wang, Wenwei, 158 zooplankton, 85, 93, 110, 125, 148 Venus clams, 100, 190 warm core eddies, 68 Venus' girdle, 123 Washington, DC, 7, 28, 44, 60, 196 Verruca, 109, 193 Washtenaw County, MI, 40 Note: Bold type denotes illustration.