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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12370-0 — A Social History of Maoist China Felix Wemheuer Index More Information INDEX abortions, 187, 188, 261, 304 barefoot doctors, 262, 263 affirmative action, 22, 37, 108, 113, 177, Beijing, 1, 6, 8, 15, 16, 25, 49, 76, 78, 80, 91, 209, 211, 272, 286, 290, 293 97, 112, 121, 122, 133, 136, 141, 155, agriculture: Agriculture Conference of the 166, 177, 194, 196, 198, 199, 200, 205, Northern Regions, 248 206, 207, 209, 210, 213, 215, 217, 221, collectivization, 30, 41, 53, 54, 55, 80, 225, 226, 229, 236, 239, 251, 278, 279, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 113, 292, 299 115, 129, 153, 157, 186, 285, 287, 309 Bian Zhongyun, 207 private plots, 34, 247, 248 “big link-up”, 199, 201, 211, 217 production, 104, 122, 135, 144, 153, 157, birth: control, 186, 187 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 172, 188, 218, giving, 188 220, 246, 248, 309 lost, 151, 152 zones, 11 planning, 150, 151, 163, 186, 187, 188, All China Federation of Trade Unions, 87, 189, 252, 261, 286, 304, 305 91, 217, 266 postponed, 151, 186, 187 All China Women’s Federation, 32, 33, bloodline theory, 206, 209, 210, 211, 213, 70, 128 214, 288, 312 Anhui, 42, 137, 138, 148, 179, 224 Bo Yibo, 227, 284 Anshan, 243 bourgeois law, 18 Anti-Rightist Campaign, 85, 86, 87, 113, Bramall, Chris, 258, 259 114, 115, 116, 139, 175, 176, 199, 224, Breslau, 279 286, 291, 292 Brown, Jeremy, 13 Anting Incident, 215, 216 bureaucracy, 2, 8, 51, 92, 204, 213, 226, 229, archives: access, 4, 5, 8, 11, 39, 97, 282, 313 248, 311 files, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 39, 144 bureaucratism, 69, 90, 112 law, 8, 282 Burma, 35 “Attack with Words, Defend with Weapons”, 227 cadres: female, 33, 271, 301 austerity, 14, 163, 167 high-ranking, 199, 200, 213, 297, 312 autonomy, 35, 36, 38, 43, 54, 75, 155, 176, local, 5, 14, 28, 62, 69, 70, 72, 73, 99, 102, 178, 287, 297, 300 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 141, 142, 147, 162, 163, 178, 179, 182, 186, 188, bad elements, 115, 116, 123, 133, 239, 190, 200, 219, 249, 263, 312 243, 287 provincial, 13, 115, 137, 141, 154, 199, bandits, 50, 66, 67, 154 200, 221, 224, 226 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12370-0 — A Social History of Maoist China Felix Wemheuer Index More Information 323 / Index Cai Chang, 33 child care, 21, 127, 131, 132, 133, 245, 302 Campaign to Suppress Chinese Civil War, 1, 2, 20, 71, 80, 87, 101, Counterrevolutionaries, 50, 60, 65, 66, 152, 204, 306 69, 70 Chinese Communist Party (CCP): activist, cannibalism, 120 20, 32, 33, 44, 48, 49, 58, 78, 87, 102, canteens, see public dining 206, 271 Cao Diqiu, 215 candidates, 106, 184 Cao Shuji, 151 constitution, 89, 106, 107, 228, 234, 273 capitalism, 3, 14, 37, 51, 92, 129, 157, 163, expulsions, 140, 141, 162, 226, 296 179, 180, 181, 197, 220, 237, 248, 280, membership, 16, 68, 70, 108, 227, 228, 285, 309, 312 243, 266, 279, 283, 290, 295, 311 capitalist roaders, 2, 4, 164, 179, 195, 197, numbers, 101, 242, 243, 245, 266, 267 200, 204, 209, 212, 213, 218, 222, 224, vanguard, 19, 29, 89, 90, 243, 266, 306 226, 229, 232, 233, 255, 273, 281, 283, Chinese People’s Political Consultative 294, 308 Conference, 279 capitalists, 2, 51, 52, 70, 87, 95, 96, 107, 139, Chinese Service Center of the Chinese 167, 183, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 216, University of Hong Kong, 10 239, 243, 289, 308 Chinese Soviet Republic, 61 census, 2, 148, 150, 261, 264, 297 class: files, 13, 39, 40, 182, 183, 190 Central Archive, 8 line, 31, 101, 108, 113, 174, 175, 178, 181, Central Committee of CCP: and class line, 182, 183, 184, 186, 190, 209, 214, 229, 102, 163, 174, 183, 184, 298 239, 279, 286 and classification of rural classes, 39, status, 6, 13, 14, 22, 25, 29, 30, 31, 37, 38, 182, 287 39, 40, 44, 62, 63, 65, 87, 97, 101, 107, and “common announcement,” 217, 218 110, 174, 182, 183, 184, 194, 196, 199, and counterrevolutionaries, 66, 67, 154 206, 209, 213, 216, 229, 266, 268, 270, and Cultural Revolution, 197, 198, 200, 279, 286, 287, 288, 290, 303 201, 214, 215, 217, 218, 219, 224, 226, struggle, 18, 19, 35, 38, 56, 60, 89, 108, 238, 291, 296 139, 153, 157, 163, 177, 178, 182, 184, and education, 172, 174, 255 186, 209, 211, 237, 283, 285, 287, and famine, 135, 142, 158 298, 312 and intellectuals, 111, 115, 175 classification: counterrevolutionaries, 30, membership, 106, 221, 247, 271, 272, 68 284, 303 ethnicity, 22, 36, 37, 195, 286, 297, 298 and People’s Commune, 123, 126, 128, gender, 31, 300 133, 248, 249, 285 identity cards, 290 and right opportunism, 139, 140 intellectual, 62, 111 and “sent-down youths,” 253 major types, 16, 22, 43 and Socialist Education Campaign, 178, right opportunists, 120, 139 180, rightists, 85, 115, 116 Changchun, 243 rural classes, 16, 30, 61, 63, 65 Chen Boda, 198, 220 spy, 66, 226 Chen Duxiu, 108 three kinds of people, 295 Chen Yi, 227 urban classes, 29 Chen Yonggui, 247, 250, 274 Cold War, 3, 6, 17, 50, 281 Chen Yun, 122, 165, 166, 227 collectively owned enterprises, 26, 92, 165, Chengdu, 143, 170 166, 268 Chiang Kai-Shek, 20, 82 collectivization, see agriculture © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12370-0 — A Social History of Maoist China Felix Wemheuer Index More Information 324 / Index Common Program of the Consultative class status, 266, 279, 286, 287, 290, 303 Conference of the People’s Government Cultural Revolution, 3, 174, 197, 198, of China, 51 207, 220, 227, 228, 294 communism, 18, 19, 20, 90, 121, 123, 125, party constitution of 1956, 107, 111 126, 128, 130, 139, 158, 272, 307 one-child policy, 261, 282 Communist International (Comintern), 51, 52 rehabilitation, 237, 284 Communist Youth League, 29, 30, 40, 102, Deng Yingchao, 33 200, 254, 266, 271, 288 Diamant, Neil, 73 Confucian, 57, 58, 71, 180 dictatorship of the proletariat, 18, 19, 52, constitution, 35, 51, 93–94, 95, 113, 239, 194, 197 248, 271 Dikötter, Frank, 147 corruption, 42, 50, 68, 69, 141, 178, 184, divorce, 71, 72, 73, 74 234, 251, 311 Dongguan, 85 counterrevolutionary, 29, 30, 52, 58, 63, 65, dragon head enterprises, 309 66, 68, 82, 90, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, Du Renzhi, 129 116, 123, 162, 176, 193, 199, 200, 207, 217, 224, 234, 239, 282, 287, 291, 294, eating green, 142, 260 295 economic growth, 14, 152, 256, 257, 258, Counterrevolutionary Conspiracy 285, 306, 308 of May 16, 194, 204, 228, 234, 282 economism, 91, 203, 218 crimes, 30, 49, 65, 97, 98, 99, 116, 199, 245, education: class line, 30, 113, 174, 253, 294, 299 175, 286 Criticize Lin Biao and Confucius, 238, 252 dual system, 171, 172, 174, 175, 189 cultural industry, 110, 113, 156 gender, 263, 264, 302, 303 Cultural Revolution: Cultural Revolution middle schools, 123, 128, 172, 198, 206, Leading Group, 33, 162, 213, 215, 213, 214, 250, 263 221, 225 primary schools, 129, 172, 243, 263 middle schools, 198, 205, 206, 213, 214, school enrollment, 263, 272, 302 219, 232, 250, 256, 268 Egypt, 3 participation, 195, 207, 209, 211, 213, Engels, 18, 208, 211, 289 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, 222, entering through the backdoor, 41, 42, 190, 227, 266 245, 255, 275, 277 “People’s Cultural Revolution,” 194, 200, ethnic minorities: affirmative action, 37, 177, 201, 227, 229 272, 286 periods, 198–206, 234, 265, 295 assimilation, 38, 153 universities, 16, 198, 200, 205, 210, 214, cadres, 37, 38, 177 233, 254, 264, 265, 272 classification, 22, 36, 37, 195, 286, victims, 196, 199, 204, 214, 217, 221, 222, 297, 298 229, 236, 283, 296, 298 education, 37, 38, 76, 177, 272 Czechoslovakia, 306 language, 38, 54, 300 numbers, 176, 177, 271, 286, 299 Dalian, 144 policies, 75, 176, 297, 299, 300 Datong, 245 representation, 271–272 Dazhai, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250 everyday resistance, 7 death penalty, see killings Democracy Wall, 292 factional struggle, 11, 193, 194, 196, 197, democratic dictatorship of the people, 52, 94, 203, 205, 206, 214, 219, 220, 225, 226, 97, 292 230, 241, 246, 284, 296 Deng Tuo, 221 family: abolition, 73, 129, 130 Deng Xiaoping: cardinal principles, 292 economy, 18, 131, 285 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12370-0 — A Social History of Maoist China Felix Wemheuer Index More Information 325 / Index New Democratic, 71, 73, 74 consumption, 18, 26, 34, 104, 131, 135, origin, 22, 28, 29, 30, 39, 40, 107, 111, 136, 167, 257, 260, 302 174, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, deficit, 106, 143, 251 214, 229, 288, 303 definition of liangshi, 307 structure, 12, 34, 71, 127 exports, 41, 104, 136, 168 famine: deaths, 134, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, imports, 166, 167, 246 144, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, procurement, 104, 106, 115, 135, 167, 158, 161 246, 249 diseases, 139, 140, 148, 149 stocks, 125, 142, 143, 178, 180 lost births, 151, 152 surplus, 24, 48, 56, 77, 85, 103, 104, 106, starvation, 135, 136, 138, 141, 143, 144, 135, 142, 143, 162, 180, 246, 285 148, 153, 178 Great Leap Forward: famine, 14, 99, 141, February Countercurrent, 223, 227 144, 147, 151, 152, 184, 247, 260 feminism, 21, 32, 72 impact on peasants, 122–123, 125 feudal (feudalism), 1, 37, 50, 51, 53, 55, 59, policies, 121, 126, 131, 140, 141 71, 72, 73, 77, 80, 89, 90, 155, 207, steel campaign, 125, 126, 139, 141 253, 265 groups for mutual aid, 100, 101 film, 28, 39, 63, 109, 196, 279, 301 Guangdong, 10, 61, 85, 86 Five-Anti Campaign, 70–71, 95 Guangshan county, 121 Five Year Plan: First, 54, 93, 95, 122, 259 Guangxi, 9, 170, 178, 196, 226, 287 Third 187, 234 Guangzhou, 78, 85, 86, 213, 243, 245, 310 flag, 51 guanxi, see personal relationships food, see grain Guiyang, 170 Four Clean
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