Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:53 24 May 2016 “This book is a delight and its approach long overdue. By broadening its interpretation of the meaning of ‘development’ and by addressing many of the most contested issues in academic and political debates in and on Latin America, it brings home to the reader, but in an eminently comprehensible and digestible form, the complexity of the region’s recent and contemporary patterns of economic, social and political transformation. Moreover, to its great credit, it does so with a sharp eye, a sympathetic ear and a clarity and comprehensiveness which have all been sadly lacking in such books for several decades. This book sets the picture straight and does us all an invaluable service.” Antoni Kapcia, Professor in Latin American History, Faculty of Arts, University of Nottingham, UK “This book is a critical introduction to Latin America and its experience with development, and provides an invaluable resource to both students and scholars. Historically and geographically rich, this book examines processes of state formation and political economic thought through the colonial period and the Republican era, the emergence of Industrial Import Substitution and the dependency school, and the rise of neoliberalism and its discontents. These historical transformations have of course been marked by ideological struggle and political violence, and Julie Cupples proves the ideal guide to the continent’s shifting political and economic landscapes. The book highlights difference as well as continuity, and its attention to the region’s immense ethnic, linguistic, cultural, class, and ecological diversity is particularly valuable. Latin American Development provides a nuanced Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:53 24 May 2016 and authoritative look at political and economic change in the American continent.” Tom Perreault, Associate Professor of Geography, Department of Geography, Syracuse University, USA This page intentionally left blank Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:53 24 May 2016 Latin American Development Latin America’s diverse political and economic struggles and triumphs have captured the global imagination. The region has been a site of brutal dictators, revolutionary heroes, the Cold War struggle and a place in which the global debt crisis has had some of its most lasting and devastating impacts. Latin America continues to undergo rapid transformation, demonstrating both inspirational change and frustrating continuities. This text provides a comprehensive introduction to Latin American development in the twenty-first century, emphasizing political, economic, social, cultural and environmental dimensions of development. It considers key challenges facing the region and the diverse ways in which its people are responding, as well as providing analysis of the ways in which such challenges and responses can be theorized. The book also explores the region’s historical trajectory, the implementation and rejection of the neoliberal model and the role played by diverse social movements. Relations of gender, class and race are considered, as well as the ways in which media and popular culture are forging new global imaginaries of the continent. The text also considers the increasing difficulties that Latin America faces in confronting climate change and environmental degradation. This accessible text gives an overarching historical and geographical analysis of the region and critical analysis of recent developments. It is accompanied by a diverse range of critical historical and contemporary case studies from all parts of the continent, providing readers with the conceptual tools required to analyse theories on Latin American development. Each chapter ends with a summary section, discussion topics, suggestions for further reading, websites and media resources. This is an indispensable resource for scholars, students and practitioners. Julie Cupples currently lectures in Human Geography at the University of Edinburgh. She has been working in and on Latin American development for more Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:53 24 May 2016 than two decades, through both Central American solidarity and academic scholarship. Most of her research has been carried out in Nicaragua. She has published widely on a range of themes including postdevelopment, gender, revolution and conflict, neoliberalism, elections, municipal governance, indigenous and community media, and climate change, disasters and environmental risk. ROUTLEDGE PERSPECTIVES ON DEVELOPMENT Series Editor: Professor Tony Binns, University of Otago Since it was established in 2000, the same year as the Millennium Development Goals were set by the United Nations, the Routledge Perspectives on Development series has become the pre-eminent international textbook series on key development issues. Written by leading authors in their fields, the books have been popular with academics and students working in disciplines such as anthropology, economics, geography, international relations, politics and sociology. The series has also proved to be of particular interest to those working in interdisciplinary fields, such as area studies (African, Asian and Latin American studies), development studies, environmental studies, peace and conflict studies, rural and urban studies, travel and tourism. If you would like to submit a book proposal for the series, please contact the Series Editor, Tony Binns, on: [email protected] Published: Theories and Practices of Development, 2nd Edition Katie Willis Third World Cities, 2nd edition David W. Drakakis-Smith Food and Development E.M. Young Rural–Urban Interactions in the Developing World Kenneth Lynch An Introduction to Sustainable Development, 4th Edition Environmental Management and Development Jennifer Elliott Chris Barrow Latin American Development Tourism and Development Julie Cupples Richard Sharpley and David J. Telfer Religions and Development Southeast Asian Development Emma Tomalin Andrew McGregor Population and Development Forthcoming: W.T.S. Gould Global Finance and Development Postcolonialism and Development David Hudson Cheryl McEwan Natural Resource Extraction and Development Conflict and Development Roy Maconachie and Gavin M. Hilson Andrew Williams and Roger MacGinty Development Organizations Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:53 24 May 2016 Disaster and Development Rebecca Shaaf Andrew Collins Children, Youth and Development, 2nd Edition Non-Governmental Organisations and Development Nicola Ansell David Lewis and Nazneen Kanji Climate Change and Development Cities and Development Thomas Tanner and Leo Horn-Phathanothai Jo Beall Politics and Development Gender and Development, 2nd Edition Heather Marquette and Tom Hewitt Janet Momsen South Asian Development Economics and Development Studies Trevor Birkenholtz Michael Tribe, Frederick Nixson and Andrew Sumner Conservation and Development Water Resources and Development Shonil Bhagwat and Andrew Newsham Clive Agnew and Philip Woodhouse Latin American Development Julie Cupples Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:53 24 May 2016 First published 2013 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2013 Julie Cupples The right of Julie Cupples to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cupples, Julie. Latin American development / Julie Cupples. pages; cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Latin America–Social conditions–21st century. 2. Latin America–Economic conditions–21st century. I. Title. HN110.5.A8C87 2013 306.098–dc23 2012039212 ISBN: 978–0–415–68061–5 (hbk) ISBN: 978–0–415–68062–2 (pbk) ISBN: 978–0–203–55486–9 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:53 24 May 2016 by Keystroke, Station Road, Codsall, Wolverhampton For Sadie Rivas (1962–1999) Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:53 24 May 2016 This page intentionally left blank Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:53 24 May 2016 Contents List of illustrations viii List of boxes x Acknowledgements xi List of abbreviations xiii 1 Introduction: what/where is Latin America? 1 2 A brief history of Latin America 27 3 Economic development: the rise (and fall?) of neoliberalism 49 4 Political transitions and transformations 77 5 Latin America’s environments: the struggle for sustainable development 109 6 Identity politics: “race”, gender and sexuality 141 7 The politics of indigeneity 175 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:53 24 May 2016 8 Communicating Latin American development: media and popular culture 202 9 Decolonizing