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Decentralization in Central Business District of City by Land Use Pattern International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-7 Issue-4, April 2018 Decentralization in Central Business District of City by Land Use Pattern Alteration to Promote Pedestrian Movement through Urban Design Strategies Case Study: Sabzevar City, Iran Ehsan Amini, Setareh Oruji Abstract: Cities are perhaps one of humanity’s most complex agglomeration economies. In Central Business District Major creations, never finished, never definitive. They are like a journey Characteristics is: that never ends. Their evolution is determined by their ascent into High accessibility • High land cost • High development greatness or their descent into decline. They are the past, the density • High living cost • Presence of tall buildings • Major present and the future. Cities in developing countries like Iran are facing some of the concern are: motor vehicle congestion and commercial activity - Bank headquarters - Financial firms - urban growth. However, the concern in cities like Sabzevar is that Professional services in general. this growth is far more rapid (especially increasing day by day In Central Business District Secondary Characteristics is: motor vehicle). Like many urban processes the spatial nature of • Large public buildings • Town hall and government these problems is self-evident. In order to solve urban mobility buildings • Specialist shops and high end shops • Small problems, this work aims to clarify urban land use changes of the resident population • Office buildings • High pedestrian CBD in a city. Sabzevar city is selected as the study area, because due to excessive focus of attractive land use, functional movement • Maximum parking restrictions in general. differentiation is developed as a result of rapid urban growth. In The urban structure in Sabzevar city is changing very rapidly. this paper, the authors analyse patterns of land use in CBD and This condition happens because of the land use changing examines the relation between these patterns and the movement of from open space to settlements or economic activities. The population. changing of land use can be forced by the scarcity on the land Index Terms: Decentralization, traffic congestion, changing for human activity and the high land value in the city land use pattern, Sabzevar city, pedestrian movement, vehicle especially in CBD. movement. The city boundary has been developed six times from 1921 up to 2001. The Central Business District in the heart of the I. INTRODUCTION city is the oldest part of it and actually is the place where the city originated. The most important developments have taken This paper explores the complex process of mobility place from 1975 onwards where the city almost became and land-use integration in rapidly growing cities in double in size and extended its boundaries to the surrounding developing countries. It first identifies barriers to and villages. opportunities for effective coordination of transit Land use quality is affected by the various strata in the infrastructure and urban development. It then recommends a population differently depending on where they live and set of policies and implementation measures for overcoming people live in different parts of the city depending on their these barriers and exploiting these opportunities. socio-economic status. Due to high land value in the central Well-integrated transit and land development create urban area, the space allocation for earn money with any use is high forms and spaces that reduce the need for travel by private priority resulting in non-coherence amongst different land motorized vehicles especially in central business district area. uses of urban spaces. Areas with good access to public transit and well-designed Central Business District is focal point of a city. It is the urban spaces that are walkable and bike able become highly commercial, office, retail, and cultural centre of the city and attractive places for people to live, work, learn, play, and usually is the centre point for transportation networks. Traffic interact. Such environments enhance a city’s economic congestion is a condition on road networks that occurs as use competitiveness, reduce local pollution and global increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip greenhouse gas emissions, and promote inclusive times, and increased vehicular queuing. development. These goals are at the heart of transit-oriented Mixed use. A pattern of development characterized by a development (TOD), an urban form that is increasingly mixture of diversified land uses, typically including housing, important to sustainable urban futures. Central business retail activities, and private businesses, either within the same district (CBD). An area where cities’ major businesses building space (for example, vertical mixing) or in close (financial institutions, stores, major convention and sport proximity (for example, horizontal mixing) means mixed use facilities, and hotels) are concentrated. CBDs produce which is necessary in sustainable decentralization. Non-motorized transport is any type of transport mode that is not motorized, such as Revised Manuscript Received on 09 April 2018. walking and bicycling. Ehsan Amini , Research Scholar in Urban and Regional Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, University of Mysore, Mysore, E-mail: [email protected] Setareh Oruji , Lecturer in Azad University, Tehran Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: D5349047418 70 & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. Decentralization in Central Business District of City by Land Use Pattern Alteration to Promote Pedestrian Movement through Urban Design Strategies Case Study: Sabzevar City, Iran Non-motorized transport, or NMT, has gained popularity as not only a clean, carbon-free form of mobility with a very small footprint but also as a means to improve public health through increased physical activity. Pedestrian-friendly design intended to enhance the pedestrian experience, typically through improved amenities (for example, attractive landscaping, lighting, and seating areas) and by improving the efficiency of walking (for example, small city blocks, grid street patterns). Transit-oriented development (TOD). Compact, mixed -use, pedestrian friendly development organized around a transit station. TOD embraces the idea that locating amenities, Figure1: Sectorial Division of the City (CBD - Cyan employment, retail shops, and housing around transit hubs Coloured- Sector no 3) promotes transit usage and non-motorized travel. Highlight a section that you want to designate with a certain Ward number 3 includes 5 neighbourhoods which are style, and then select the appropriate name on the style menu. located in the central part of city. This area is around 1822025 The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do not sq.m which is 182.2 hectares accompanying a variety land change the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more text uses in this part of the city. Existence of shops along with into a limited number of pages. Use italics for emphasis; do presence of the old market, Jame Mosque, Imam Zadeh not underline. Yahya and offices in the CBD (neighbourhoods 2 & 3), gathers a tremendous amount of daily visitors to the heart of II. BACKGROUND OF STUDY AREA the city for shopping, gathering, visiting, recreation, religious Sabzevar is a city in Northeast Iran, situated in Razavi practices and administrative purposes. Residential land use is Khorasan province with geographical coordinates o f 36° 12' the maximum with 50.22 %, after that networks take about 52" North and 57° 40' 47" East. The City of Sabzevar had a 24.63% and the lowest one is of green spaces with only 1.9 population 232000 in 2011 which rose from 30545 in 1956. percent and minimal industrial use of 1.1 percent. The city is a capital of Sabzevar County, in Razavi Khorasan Table 1: Land Use in All Neighbourhoods of Ward 3 Province of north-eastern part of Iran.It is approximately 220 kilome tres west of Mashhad, the provincial capital and Land use Area (Sq.m) Percentage approximately 651 kilometers east of Tehran, the capital of Residential 53.46 Iran. By considering to Antiquity and historical background 915016 of Sabzevar city, this city, particularly in central parts of city Com Active 133780 17180 7.34 9.42 is having Traditiona l tissue. Due to central business district merc Inactive 38020 0 2.08 located at the oldest part of city, there are a lot of attractive ial places in this part of city. It is cause to many visitors come to health 18285 1 centers CBD from other part of city and the surrounding areas. Educationa 57996 3.18 l III. CITY WARDS Sport 690 0.03 The entire city of Sabzevar has been divided into twelve Administra 23980 1.31 sectors by City Corporation and each sector has its own Publi tive 10193 8.85 sub-sectors called quarters as presented in the Figure. The c Catering 4590 3 0.25 Sector three in the middle is the oldest sector amongst all Cultural 2255 0.12 sectors of the city and also if the fo cal development node. cultural-his 310 0.01 There are numbers of monumental buildings and heritage torical structures registered under protection of the cultural heritage cultural-reli 17960 0.98 organization in this sector addressing the age and history of gious this area. The distinct section of this sector is in the quarters Transportat 22025 1.21 of two and three which are identified to be the centre of ion marketing, business and financial activities as well as dense Urban 8105 0.44 built-up sector where lines of transportation converge from Facilities various parts and nearly from all directions. Therefore, it is Military 5028 0.27 known as the commercial hub of a city which is also called Industrial 34425 1,89 heart of the city as the city life highly depends upon this region. In other words, heart of Sabzevar is a specialized area Park & open space 31875 1.74 and a “distinctive region with a complex web of associated Roads 448750 24.64 and interwoven land uses”.
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