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Erika Mayumi Shimabukuro

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Erika Mayumi Shimabukuro Universidade Federal de São Carlos Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais A DIVERSIDADE DE INSETOS MADÍCOLOS EM MONTANHAS DE MATA ATLÂNTICA: UMA ABORDAGEM ECOLÓGICA E TAXONÔMICA Erika Mayumi Shimabukuro Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais do Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do Título de Doutor em ciências, área de concentração em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais. Orientadora: Prof. Dr. Susana Trivinho Strixino São Carlos - SP 2017 Universidade Federal de São Carlos Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais A DIVERSIDADE DE INSETOS MADÍCOLOS EM MONTANHAS DE MATA ATLÂNTICA: UMA ABORDAGEM ECOLÓGICA E TAXONÔMICA Erika Mayumi Shimabukuro Orientadora: Susana Trivinho Strixino São Carlos - SP 2017 “I have no special talent. I am only passionately curious” Albert Einstein À Hilomi Shimabukuro e Antônio Shimabukuro (in memorian) AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de agradecer em primeiro lugar à Prof. Susana, que acreditou desde o início no projeto que propus, e que aceitou me orientar mesmo sem me conhecer o suficiente. Muito obrigada pela confiança e por todos os ensinamentos, acadêmicos e “não- acadêmicos”, que levarei para sempre comigo. Agradeço também à Prof. Alaíde, que sempre esteve presente, se dispondo para ajudar toda vez que necessário, e à Prof. Lívia, que mesmo tendo chegado recentemente, me deu muita força e incentivo nos últimos meses. Não posso deixar de agradecer aos meus pais (Hilomi Shimabukuro e Antônio Shimabukuro), que nunca pouparam esforços para que eu chegasse até aqui, e que sempre me apoiaram em todas as decisões. Pai, sua força e coragem serão sempre minha maior inspiração. Sei que estará para sempre ao meu lado, comemorando cada conquista e me dando forças para nunca desistir. Ao meu irmão, com quem posso contar sempre. Obrigada por todo apoio. Ao meu maior companheiro, Gilmar, por me incentivar a cada passo que dou; por ouvir minhas reclamações; por me dar soluções; por me acompanhar sempre! Ao Prof. Raoul Henry por todos os ensinamentos e contribuições que foram base para a minha formação acadêmica. Ao Mateus Pepinelli, pela parceria nas montanhas, por me familiarizar com os habitats higropétricos e me apresentar aos Podonomus. Obrigada também pelas contribuições no manuscrito de descrição de Podonomus desta tese. À Márcia Thais Suriano, cujo material coletado no doutorado pôde ser utilizado no presente estudo, compondo as descrições de novas espécies de Pseudochironomus de elevada altitude. Igualmente, agradeço ao Fábio de Oliveira Roque, Tadeu Siqueira e Mateus Pepinelli, por terem me inspirado ao estudo de ecossistemas de montanhas e por terem garantido uma boa coleção de referência de Chironomidae ‘de altitude’ no laboratório, a qual também pôde ser utilizada nesta tese. Agradeço também ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), ao Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), ao Comando Militar da Amazônia e à Grifa Filmes, por terem colaborado com a expedição: “Biodiversity of the Serra da Mocidade”. Por meio desta pesquisa foi obtida uma espécie de Pseudochironomus, e que, por intermédio de Galileu P. S. Dantas, pôde ser utilizada neste estudo. A este agradeço também todo o apoio e incentivo. Aos pesquisadores Patrick Ashe e Martin Spies que se solidarizaram para me ajudar a analisar algumas espécies no museu de Munique, e especialmente à Sofia Wiedenbrug que abriu as portas de sua casa para me auxiliar com a identificação de alguns espécimes enigmáticos do material do doutorado. Além disso, por estar sempre à disposição para conversar e tirar dúvidas sobre a taxonomia de determinados grupos. Agradeço também ao Prof. Luiz Pinho por ter me recebido em seu laboratório, compartilhado conhecimento acerca do estudo de quironomídeos, e contribuído também para a identificação de alguns Orthocladiinae presentes no meu material. Ao Prof. Dr. Andres Baselga, por ter aceitado a proposta de parceira durante o doutorado sanduíche, mas que infelizmente não pôde se desenrolar devido aos cortes orçamentários que impediram a concessão da bolsa. Ao Victor Saito pela ajuda em uma das coletas, pela parceria e pelos vários churrascos. Ao Danilo Naliato, que confeccionou os mapas desta tese. Não posso deixar de agradecer também aos meus amigos de laboratório, Hugo, Luciene, Victor, Mireile, e especialmente à Roberta à Julia que foram companheiras fundamentais ao longo dessa jornada. Além destes, a todos os amigos que fiz em São Carlos, companheiros para todas as horas, e que ajudaram a tornar esses quatro anos muito mais leves e prazerosos. Às minhas irmãs de coração, Kurau (Jésisca), Pivetti (Ana Carolina), Seu Cuka (Catarina) e Xevs (Ivana), por estarem sempre ao meu lado, me aconselhando, me apoiando, compartilhando alegrias, e ajudando a superar momentos difíceis. Obrigada por tudo! À banca examinadora, por ter aceitado participar da defesa pública, mesmo frente à escassez de recursos atuais, e pelas sugestões e conselhos que contribuirão muito para a qualidade dos trabalhos apresentados. Ao programa PPGERN e à CNPq pelo suporte e apoio financeiro. A todos estes e a tantos outros que deixei de citar, meu muito obrigada! Graças a vocês mais um ciclo se fecha e mais um sonho pôde ser conquistado. SUMÁRIO RESUMO.....................................................................................................................................1 ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................2 INTRODUÇÃO...........................................................................................................................3 PARTE I – ECOLOGIA Capítulo 1. Elevational patterns of richness: are the ends bad for madicolous insects in the Atlantic Forest? Resumo.......................................................................................................................................15 Introdução..................................................................................................................................16 Material & Métodos...................................................................................................................19 Resultados..................................................................................................................................23 Discussão...................................................................................................................................27 Referências.................................................................................................................................31 Capítulo 2. Drivers of compositional dissimilarity of madicolous insects in elevational gradients of Atlantic Forest Resumo.......................................................................................................................................40 Introdução .................................................................................................................................41 Material & Métodos...................................................................................................................43 Resultados..................................................................................................................................45 Discussão...................................................................................................................................49 Referências.................................................................................................................................52 PARTE II - TAXONOMIA Capítulo 1. Madicolous Chironomidae (Diptera: Insecta) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest: a checklist with notes on altitudinal distribution Resumo.......................................................................................................................................60 Introdução..................................................................................................................................60 Material & Métodos...................................................................................................................62 Resultados..................................................................................................................................66 Discussão...................................................................................................................................82 Referências.................................................................................................................................86 Capítulo 2. Two new species of Podonomus (Diptera: Chironomidae: Podonominae) from mountains of southeastern Brazil Resumo......................................................................................................................................92 Introdução.................................................................................................................................92 Descrições.................................................................................................................................97 Discussão taxonômica.............................................................................................................107 Referências..............................................................................................................................110
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