Age/Stage Aalenian 107–113 Aeronian 57–62 Albian 117–125

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89849-2 - The Concise: Geologic Time Scale James G. Ogg, Gabi Ogg and Felix M. Gradstein Index More information

Index

Age/Stage Capitanian 85–91 Aalenian 107–113 Carnian 7, 95–103 Aeronian 57–62 Cenomanian 117–125 Albian 117–125 Changhsingian 85–91 Anisian 7, 95–103 Chattian 129–133, 134 Aptian 117–125 Coniacian 7, 117–125 Aquitanian 139–145 Danian 129–133, 134 Artinskian 85–91 Dapingian 47–54 Asselian 85–91 Darriwilian 47–54 Bajocian 107–113 Drumian 7, 37–41, 42, 44 Barremian 117–125 Eifelian 65–71 Bartonian 129–133, 134 Emsian 65–71 Bashkirian 73–80, 81 Famennian 65–71 Bathonian 107–113 Floian 47–54 Berriasian 117–125 Fortunian 37–41, 42, 44 Burdigalian 139–145 Frasnian 65–71 Calabrian 144, 149–156 Gelasian 139–145, 149–156 Callovian 107–113 Givetian 65–71 Cambrian Stage/Age 2 7, 39, 42, 44 Gorstian 57–62 Cambrian Stage/Age 3 7, 39, 42, 44 Guzhangian 7, 37–41, 42, 44 Cambrian Stage/Age 4 7, 39, 42, 44 Gzhelian 7, 73–80, 81 Cambrian Stage/Age 5 7, 39, 42, 44 Hauterivian 7, 117–125 Cambrian Stage/Age 9 7, 39, 42, 44 Hettangian 107–113 Cambrian Stage/Age 10 7, 39, 42, 44 Hirnantian 47–54 Campanian 117–125 Homerian 57–62

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89849-2 - The Concise: Geologic Time Scale James G. Ogg, Gabi Ogg and Felix M. Gradstein Index More information

Index 171

Induan 95–103 Tithonian 107–113 Ionian (Middle Pleistocene) 144, 149–156 Toarcian 107–113 Kasimovian 7, 73–80, 81 Tortonian 139–145 Katian 47–54 Tournaisian 73–80, 81 Kimmeridgian 7, 107–113 Tremadocian 47–54 Kungurian 85–91 Turonian 117–125 Ladinian 95–103 Valanginian 117–125 Langhian 139–145 Visean 73–80, 81 Late Pleistocene (Tarantian) 144, 149–156 Wordian 85–91 Lochkovian 65–71 Wuchiapingian 85–91 Ludfordian 57–62 Ypresian 129–133, 134 Lutetian 129–133, 134 Zanclean 139–145 Maastrichtian 117–125 Anoxic episodes Messinian 139–145 Cretaceous 120, 122 Middle Pleistocene (Ionian) 144, 149–156 Devonian 68, 69 Moscovian 73–80, 81 Astronomical tuning (Neogene) 5, 143–145, 156 Norian 95–103 Olenekian 7, 95–103 Biostratigraphy Oxfordian 107–113 Ammonoids 67, 68, 75–77, 78, 88, 90, 96–98, 100, Paibian 7, 37–41, 42, 44 110, 112, 118, 122 Piacenzian 139–145, 154, 155 Archaeocyaths 40, 42 Pliensbachian 107–113 Belemnoids 118 Pragian 65–71 Bivalves 96–98, 118 Priabonian 129–133, 134 Calcareous Nannofossils 110, 112, 118, 122, Rhaetian 97, 100 131–132, 134, 141, 144 Rhuddanian 57–62 Calpionellids 118, 122 Roadian 85–91 Chitinozoa 50, 52, 61 Rupelian 129–133, 134 Conodonts 47, 50, 52, 61, 67, 68, 75–77, 78, 88, Sakmarian 85–91 90, 96–98, 100 Sandbian 47–54 Dinoflagellates 112, 118, 131–132, 141 Santonian 117–125 Dinosaurs 96–98, 112, 118 Selandian 7, 129–133, 134 Foraminifers 75–77, 78, 118, 122, 131–132, 134, Serpukhovian 7, 73–80, 81 141, 144 Serravallian 7, 139–145 Fusulinids 75–77, 88, 90 Sheinwoodian 57–62 Graptolites 47, 50, 52, 60, 61 Sinemurian 107–113 Land plants 60, 67, 75–77, 80 Tarantian (Late Pleistocene) 144, 149–156 Mammals 118, 131–132, 134, 141, Telychian 57–62 144, 153–156 Thanetian 129–133, 134 Ostracods 68

172 Index

Biostratigraphy (cont.) Llandovery 57–62 Pollen-spores 61, 75–77, 96–98, Lopingian 85–91 153–156 Ludlow 57–62 Radiolarians 112, 118, 131–132, 141 Middle Devonian 65–71 Small Shelly Fossils 38, 40, 42 Middle Jurassic 107–113 Trilobites 40, 42, 52 Middle Mississippian 73–80, 81 Middle Ordovician 47–54 Cycle stratigraphy 5 Middle Pennsylvanian 73–80, 81 Carboniferous 74–75, 78 Middle Triassic 95–103 Cretaceous 120–121 Miocene 139–145 Neogene 143–145 Oligocene 129–133, 134 Paleogene 132 Paleocene 129–133, 134 Triassic 98 Pleistocene 139–145, 149–156 Pliocene 139–145, 154, 155 Eon Pridoli 57–62 Archean 24, 26 Terreneuvian 37–41, 42, 44 Proterozoic 24, 26 Wenlock 57–62 Epoch Era Cambrian Epoch/Series 2 40, 42, 44 Cenozoic 129–133 Cambrian Epoch/Series 3 40, 42, 44 Eoarchean 25, 27–28 Cisuralian 85–91 Hadean 25, 26–27 Early Cretaceous 117–125 Mesoarchean 25 Early Devonian 65–71 Mesoproterozoic 25 Early Jurassic 107–113 Neoarchean 25 Early Mississippian 73–80, 81 Neoproterozoic 25 Early Ordovician 47–54 Paleoarchean 25 Early Pennsylvanian 73–80, 81 Paleoproterozoic 25 Early Triassic 95–103 Eocene 129–133, 134 Geon Concept 30 Furongian 37–41, 42, 44 Glacial intervals Guadalupian 85–91 Carboniferous 74–75 Holocene 7, 139–145, 149–156 Ordovician 50–52 Late Cretaceous 117–125 Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point Late Devonian 65–71 (GSSP) 2–4, 32, 39, 49, 59, 65, 67, 87, Late Jurassic 107–113 97, 109, 119, 131, Late Mississippian 73–80, 81 142, 150 Late Ordovician 47–54 Late Pennsylvanian 73–80, 81 Impact event - end-Cretaceous 130 Late Triassic 95–103 International Commission on Stratigraphy 1, 2

Index 173

Lunar (Moon) stratigraphy 14–16 Devonian 65–71 Copernican Period 13, 14–16 Ectasian 25, 26 Eratosthenian Period 13, 14–16 Ediacaran 7, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33 Imbrian Period 13, 14–16 Jurassic 107–113 Nectarian Period 13, 14–16 Neogene 139–145 pre-Nectarian period 13, 14–16 Ordovician 47–54 Orosirian 25, 26 Magnetic stratigraphy Paleogene 129–133, 134 Carboniferous 78 Permian 85–91 Cretaceous 118–120, 122 Quaternary 149–156 Jurassic 110, 112 Rhyacian 25, 26 Neogene 141, 144 Siderian 25, 26 Paleogene 132, 134 Silurian 57–62 Permian 88, 90 Statherian 25, 26 Quaternary 153–156 Stenian 25, 26 Triassic 98, 100 Tonian 25, 26 Mars stratigraphy 13, 16–20 Triassic 95–103 Amazonian Period 13, 16–20 Precambrian 23 Hesperian Period 13, 16–20 Noachian Period 13, 16–20 Radioisotopic dating 5, 8, 90, 99–103, 121–125, pre-Noachian period 13, 16–20 132–133, 156 Mass extinction – Ordovician 50–52 Cretaceous 121–125 Mercury stratigraphy 13, 20 Paleogene 132–133 Calorian Period 13, 20 Permian 90 Kuiperian Period 13, 20 Quaternary 156 Mansurian Period 13, 20 Triassic 99–103 pre-Tolstojan period 13, 20 Regional Subdivisions Tolstojan Period 13, 20 Abereiddian 53 Agdzian 44 Orbital-climate (Milankovitch) cycles Aikuanian 81 5, 74–75, 98, 120–121, 132, Aleksinian 81 143–145 Alportian 81 Amgan 44 Period Arcadian 44 Calymmian 25, 26 Arenig 53 Cambrian 37–41, 42, 44 Arnsbergian 81 Carboniferous 73–80, 81 Arundian 81 Cretaceous 117–125 Asbian 81 Cryogenian 25, 26, 31–32 Aseri 53

174 Index

Regional Subdivisions (cont.) Cincinnatian 53 Ashgill 53 Cordubian 44 Asturian 81 Courceyan 81 Atdabanian 44 Dalaan 81 Atokan 81 Daldynian 44 Aurelucian 53 Darriwilian 53 Autunian 81, 91 Darriwillian 53 Banian 44 Datsonian 44, 53 Barruelian 81 Dawanian 53 Bendigonian 53 Delmaran 44 Biarmian 91 Desmoinesian 81 Bilingen 53 Dewuan 81 Blackhillsian 53 Dinantian 81 Bobrikian 81 Dorashamian 91 Bolindian 53 Dorogomilovian 81 Bolorian 91 Duckmantian 81 Bolsovian 81 Duyunian 44 Boomerangian 44 Dyeran 44 Botomian 44 Dzhulfian 91 Branchian 44 Eastonian 53 Brigantian 81 Edenian 53 Burrellian 53 Feixianguanian 91 Caesaraugustian 44 Fennian 53 Cantabrian 81 Gamachian 53 Caradoc 53 Gelaohea 81 Castlemainian 53 Gisbornian 53 Cathedralian 91 Gorbiyachinian 44 Cautleyan 53 Gumerovian 81 Chadian 81 Guzhangian 44 Chatauquan 81 Haljala 53 Chatfieldian 53 Harju 53 Cheneyan 53 Hastarian 81 Cheremshankian 81 Hessian 91 Cherepetian 81 Hirnantian 53 Chesterian 81 Holkerian 81 Chewtonian 53 Huashibanian 81 Chientangkiangian 53 Hunneberg 53 Chokierian 81 Ibexian 53 Chuanshanian 91 Ichangian 53

Index 175

Idamean 44 Malevkian 81 Issendalian 44 Mapingian 81, 91 Iverian 44 Marjuman 44 Ivorian 81 Marsdenian 81 Jinningian 44 Mayan 44 Jiusian 81 Maysvillian 53 Juuru 53 Medinan 53 Karakubian 81 Meishuchuan 44 Kashirian 81 Melekessian 81 Kazanian 91 Melekhovian 81 Keila 53 Meramecian 81 Keiloran 53 Merionethian 44 Khamovnikian 81 Midian 91 Khantaian 44 Migneintian 53 Kinderhookian 81 Mikhailovian 81 Kinderscoutian 81 Mindyallan 44 Kizelian 81 Missourian 81 Kosvian 81 Mohawkian 53 Krasnopolyanian 81 Moliniacian 81 Krevyakinian 81 Montezuman 44 Kubergandian 91 Moridunian 53 Kuhfengian 91 Morrowan 81 Kukruse 53 Murgabain 91 Kulyumbean 44 Myachkovian 81 Kunda 53 Nabala 53 Laibinian 91 Namurian 81 Lancefieldian 53 Nangaoan 44 Langsettian 81 Nealian 91 Languedocian 44 Neichianshanian 53 Lasnamagi 53 Nemakit 44 Lengwuan 91 Niuchehean 44 Lenoxian 91 Noginskian 81 Leonardian 91 Oandu 53 Livian 81 Ochoan 91 Llandeilian 53 Oeland 53 Llanvirn 53 Ordian 44 Longlinian 91 Orenburgian 81, 91 Lousuan 81 Osagean 81 Luodianian 91 Paibian (Waergangian) 44

176 Index

Regional Subdivisions (cont.) Toyonian 44 Pakerort 53 Tremadoc 44, 53 Pavlovoposadian 81 Tukalandinian 44 Payntonian 44 Tulean 53 Pendleian 81 Tulian 81 Pirgu 53 Turinian 53 Placentian 44 Ufimian 91 Podolskian 81 Uhaku 53 Porkuni 53 Undillian 44 Prikamian 81 Upian 81 Protvian 81 Urzhumian 91 Pusgillian 53 Varangu 53 Radaevkian 81 Venevian 81 Rakvere 53 Vereian 81 Rangerian 53 Virgilian 81 Rawtheyan 53 Viru 53 Richmondian 53 Volkhov 53 Rotliegend 81, 91 Vormsi 53 Rusavkian 81 Voznesenian 81 Saxonian 91 Vyatkian 91 Severodvinian 91 Wangcunian 44 Severokeltmenian 81 Warendan 44, 53 Shangsian 81 Warnantian 81 Silesian 81 Weiningian 81 Skullrockian 44, 53 Westphalian 81 Stairsian 53 Whiterockian 53 Stephanian 81 Whitlandian 53 Steptoan 44 Wolfcampian 91 Steshevian 81 Wujiapingian 91 Streffordian 53 Xiangboan 91 Sunwaptan 44 Xiaoyaoan 81 Taijianian 44 Yakhtashian 91 Tangbagouan 81 Yanghsingian 91 Taoyuanian 44 Yeadonian 81 Tarusian 81 Yapeenian 53 Tatangian 81 Yushanian 53 Tatarian 91 Zapaltyubian 81 Templetonian 44 Zechstein 91 Tommotian 44 Zisongian 81, 91

Index 177

Sea levels 51, 61 Ediacaran 33 Sequence stratigraphy General 90, 98, 112, 120, 132, Carboniferous 74–75, 78 144, 153 Cretaceous 120–121, 122 Jurassic 110, 112 Devonian 68 Neogene 143, 144 General 68, 78, 88, 90, 100, 110, 120–121, 122, Ordovician chemostratigraphy 52 132, 134, 141, 144 Oxygen-18 60, 77, 132, 134, 143, 144, 153, Jurassic 110 154, 155 Neogene 141, 144 Paleogene 132, 134 Ordovician sea level 50–52 Permian 90 Paleogene 134 Quaternary 154 Permian 88 Strontium 52, 62, 112, 120 Silurian sea level 60, 61 Triassic 98 Stable-isotope ratios 5 Sub-Period Stable-isotope stratigraphy Mississippian 73–80 Cambrian chemostratigraphy 41, 42 Pennsylvanian 73–80 Carbon-13 33, 38, 42, 52, 60, 66, 68, 77, 98, 110, 112, 120, 122, TimeScale Creator (database and chart-making 134, 143, 144 package) 2, 8–10 Carboniferous 77 Cretaceous 120, 122 Venus stratigraphy 13, 20 Devonian 66, 68, 70 Volcanic event – Jurassic 112