JULY 1990 JOHN ASHCROFT, Governor Space Invaders ~
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IVI I JULY 1990 JOHN ASHCROFT, Governor Space Invaders ~.. THE CONSERVATION COMMISSION HERE'S A DIRT ROAD in the Ozarks where blackberry JOHN POWELL JAY HENGES bushes grow plump, juicy berries bursting with flavor. They are JERRY P. COMBS ANDY DALTON T easier to pick along a roadside, where chiggers and ticks are scarce, though their thorny brambles still entrap bare arms and legs. It's DIRECTOR hard to pick blackberries unscathed. JERRY J. PRESLEY I noticed something new last blackberry season. Growing along this EDWIN H. GLASER, Deputy Director remote dirt road was crown vetch, a plant I associate with banks along PERSONNEL: Roger E. Ponder state highways where it is planted as a groundcover. During June and FISCAL: Aaron Chapman PLANNING: Dan Dickneite July its pink flowers make an attractive display. ACQUISITION: Ron Thoma But crown vetch, for all its attractiveness, is a space invader. Rather KENNETH M. BABCOCK, Assistant Director than curing erosion, it merely hides it. FISHERIES: James Fry Seeds are spread by animals or, where it grows along a stream, FORESTRY: Gerald E. Ross waterborne to places far removed from its original planting site. The WILDLIFE: Ollie Torgerson NATURAL HISTORY: Jim H. Wilson same reasons that make it attractive for a groundcover—hardiness and lush growth—make it a real threat to the state's native vegetation, which DAVID D. HURLBUT, Assistant Director PROTECTION: Robert King is often crowded out by the prolific, persistent crown vetch. OPERATIONS: Everett Clark Invasions by non-native plants don't make headlines like invasions by ENGINEERING: Don Henson killer bees. That's partly because the changes don't take place overnight. PUBLIC AFFAIRS: Jonathan D. Powers EDUCATION: Don Heard It may be years from now before the crown vetch next to my blackberry bushes successfully overtakes its neighbors. Given time, however, invasive STAFF ASSISTANTS plants can change entire landscapes. INTERNAL AUDITOR: Robbie B. Briscoe The vine kudzu is well known in the southeast U.S. for its rampant GENERAL COUNSEL: Jane A. Smith growth. In wetlands, purple loosestrife crowds out plants beneficial to METRO OFFICES wildlife, and no wonder—one plant produces 300,000 seeds. A northern Jim Pyland Irv Logan Brywood Shopping Center 1221 South state estimates 33,000 acres of its wetlands are infested with purple 8616 E. 63rd Street Brentwood Blvd. loosestrife. In Missouri it is illegal to buy, sell or plant it. Multi-flora Kansas City 64133 St. Louis 63117 rose, introduced in the 1950s as a "living fence" that provided good Jim Schroder 2630 North Mayfair wildlife food and cover, is now a serious pest where it dots farm fields. Springfield 65803 We once believed the benefits to wildlife of some non-native plants justified their introduction. Autumn olive used to be included in wildlife CONSERVATIONIST STAFF KATHY LOVE Editor bundles distributed by the Conservation Department for its nearly JIMAUCKLEY Managing Edito impenetrable wildlife cover. But because it tends to shoulder out other DICKSON STAUFFER Art Editor native plants likewise beneficial to wildlife it has been phased out. DAVE BESENGER Artist KEVIN BINKLEY Composition Other plant species introduced for their agricultural benefits have had JIM RATHERT Photographer an adverse impact on wildlife. Fescue is a cool season grass that is grown PAUL CHILDRESS Photographer JOEL M. VANCE Staff Writer widely for livestock forage. But its dense mats of vegetation make living MAYSHIKLES Circulation Manager conditions impossible for many small species of wildlife, like quail and LEILA KEMPKER Composition prairie chickens. Native warm-season grasses provide forage of equal BERTHA BAINER Composition quality, but without the harm to wildlife populations. The Missouri Department of Conservation receives The Conservation Department provides help for eliminating fescue and federal aid in fish and/or wildlife restoration. Regu lations of the U.S. Department of the Interior and converting to warm-season native grasses—the best solution, or for the Missouri Department of Conservation prohibit managing fescue to minimize its adverse impact on wildlife. discrimination on the basis of race, color, national Japanese imports are arguably a threat to U.S. industry, but there's no origin, age, handicap, sex, or religious belief. Any person who believes he or she has been discrim argument that Japanese honeysuckle, imported as an ornamental, can be inated against as described above in any program, a very real threat to forest ecosystems. Even though it was formerly consid activity or facility managed by the Missouri Depart ered of wildlife benefit because deer fed on it, the plant suffocates native ment of Conservation and/orfunded through fede ral assistance should write to: Office for Human woodland trees and wildflowers and is now considered a serious pest. Resources, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Depart A neighboring state conservation agency has likened the harm from ment of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240; or Director, Missouri Department of Conservation, exotic invaders to the damage caused by pesticides in the 1960s. The P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102. threat is slow and insidious; it may be years before we fully recognize the Phone: 314/751-4115 harm. Cost to reverse it is sure to be high. Not all exotic species are aggressive pests, naturally. Many compete on an even footing with native plants and do not spread. But none serve a useful or ecological niche not already occupied by a native species. We have only recently begun to recognize the checks and balances nature provides, and address the problems caused by human tampering. It's not possible or desirable to revert to a landscape unchanged by human hands. But knowledge and caution are needed to prevent wholesale alteration of an ecosystem. My blackberries will probably be around for years. Crown vetch can't easily compete with an established bush. But other roadside plants may not survive this alien invasion. ksl 1VI l_S_SjO_lLJJBt_jI CONSERVATIONIST Volume 51, Number 7 July 1990 2 Of Beavers and Creeks by Mark Goodwin Beavers are making fishing opportunities in Missouri creeks. 6 The Little World That Time Forgot by Joel M. Vance You can take the boy out of the country, but you can't take the country out of the boy. 10 Global Warming—Is the Sky Really Falling? by Chris Luley Global warming may awaken us to the harm that can befall our planet if resource management is ignored. 14 Just Over the Hill by Ruth Schuller Reeves Missouri's elusive Kingdom of Amarugia now includes a wildlife area. 19 First Aid for Dogs by Bill Turner An aid kit for hunting dogs is a good investment. Part one of two parts. 22 The Healing Power of Herbs by Jim Featherston Can herbal remedies make Old Buck's Hootie a healthy hound? 25 Mapping Missouri Wetlands by Howard W. Browers and Ronald E. Erickson The National Wetland Inventory will help conserve wetlands. 28 Almanac edited by Ruth Schuller Reeves Yellow-billed Loon visits...deer hunt schedule...tree planting awards and more. Page 10 32 Why Missouri Pastures Need SALT by Sarah Fast Local people are solving local soil erosion problems through a program called SALT. Front Cover: Sunset silhouettes a dickcissel on a water pump recharged by plentiful spring rains. Photo by Jim Grace. MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION The Missouri Conservationist (ISSN 0026-6515) is the official monthly publication of the Missouri Department of Conservation, 2901 West Truman Boulevard, Jefferson City, Mo. (Mailing address: P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo. 65102.) Subscription free to adult Missouri residents; outside Missouri $5 per year. Notification of address change must include both old and new address (send mailing label with the subscriber number on it) with 45-day notice. Second Class postage paid at Jefferson City, Mo. and at additional entry offices. Printed by Harmony Printing Company, Liberty, Mo. Separations by ChromaGraphics, Inc., Kansas City, Mo. Copyright © 1989 by the Conserva tion Commission of the State of Missouri. Postmaster: Send address changes to the Missouri Department of Con Page 22 servation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0180. Phone: 314/751-4115. • SfR; .."J:"' -A.1'.. , 1, •• i A"y f '****vPlhd" *2r ; d fW S' ' e»- • 'If ' .0 \e^:\,: •' 4* e ' t OF ) i X'*v# r . "% • BEAVERS ' '•"•,'••.!»•.•.,' >','.' pi AND CREEKS by Mark Goodwin Jackson . *• h| 1 ARK, ARE YOU sure you know where you're M going?" Craig sounded doubtful as we trudged up the creek over jumbles of slippery rocks. "Positive," I responded. "The farmer said follow the creek for about a mile and we'd find a place where beavers have it dammed. I'm sure we'll find good fishing there." Craig's face reflected his uncer tainty, and with reason. The creek we were on was no more than a trickle between holes. We hadn't Beavers form stable seen any water over two feet deep, much less large bass or even decent were looking for. Beavers had built pools capable of panfish. Besides, it was a miserably a 60-foot dam of sticks, rocks and hot day—not the best for exploring mud just as the farmer had stated. supporting a variety creeks for fishing holes. But I had a The creek was backed up for three- of fish. good feeling about what might be hundred yards, and small, beaver- ahead. felled trees drooped in the water "Look there," I said offering along both banks. enthusiasm to my dubious fishing An open ridge with mature, buddy. "An old beaver stick. It had broad-leafed timber met the creek to have washed down from above. on the left side, and flatland with a We've got to be getting close to the thick tangle of vegetation bordered dam." on the right.