DOCSLIB.ORG

Supplementary Information For

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Supplementary Information For Supplementary Information for Unleashing floret fertility by a mutated homeobox gene improved grain yield during wheat evolution under domestication Shun Sakuma, Guy Golan, Zifeng Guo, Taiichi Ogawa, Akemi Tagiri, Kazuhiko Sugimoto, Nadine Bernhardt, Jonathan Brassac, Martin Mascher, Goetz Hensel, Shizen Ohnishi, Hironobu Jinno, Yoko Yamashita, Idan Ayalon, Zvi Peleg, Thorsten Schnurbusch, Takao Komatsuda Corresponding authors: Shun Sakuma; [email protected] Thorsten Schnurbusch; [email protected] Takao Komatsuda; [email protected] This PDF file includes: Figs. S1 to S9 Tables S1 to S5 Other supplementary materials for this manuscript include the following: Datasets S1 to S4 1 16 14 14 13 12 12 11 10 10 8 9 Plant height (cm) Spike length (cm) 6 8 4 7 Bobwhite Bobwhite PKVB40PKVB40 (–) PKVB48 (+) PKVB48 (–) PKVB59 (+) PKVB59 (–) PKVB78 (+) PKVB78 (–) (+) PKVB40PKVB40 (–) PKVB48 (+) PKVB48 (–) PKVB59 (+) PKVB59 (–) PKVB78 (+) PKVB78 (–) (+) 16 24 14 22 12 10 20 8 18 6 Spike number per plant Spikelet number per spike 16 4 Bobwhite Bobwhite PKVB40PKVB40 (–) PKVB48 (+) PKVB48 (–) PKVB59 (+) PKVB59 (–) PKVB78 (+) PKVB78 (–) (+) PKVB40PKVB40 (–) PKVB48 (+) PKVB48 (–) PKVB59 (+) PKVB59 (–) PKVB78 (+) PKVB78 (–) (+) 16 4.0 ) 2 15 3.5 14 3.0 13 2.5 12 2.0 11 10 Grain width (mm) 1.5 Grain area size (mm 9 1.0 Bobwhite Bobwhite PKVB40PKVB40 (–) PKVB48 (+) PKVB48 (–) PKVB59 (+) PKVB59 (–) PKVB78 (+) PKVB78 (–) (+) PKVB40PKVB40 (–) PKVB48 (+) PKVB48 (–) PKVB59 (+) PKVB59 (–) PKVB78 (+) PKVB78 (–) (+) 18 8.0 7.5 17 7.0 16 6.5 15 6.0 14 Grain length (mm) 5.5 Grain perimeter length (mm) 13 5.0 Bobwhite Bobwhite PKVB40PKVB40 (–) PKVB48 (+) PKVB48 (–) PKVB59 (+) PKVB59 (–) PKVB78 (+) PKVB78 (–) (+) PKVB40PKVB40 (–) PKVB48 (+) PKVB48 (–) PKVB59 (+) PKVB59 (–) PKVB78 (+) PKVB78 (–) (+) Fig.Supplementary S1. Phenotype Figure of GNI1 1.- PhenotypeA RNAi transgenic of GNI1-RNAi Bobwhite transgenic wheat inwheat T1 generation. in T2 generation. White boxes White and green boxes indicate non-transgenic and transgenic plants, respectively. indicate construct-negative plants and blue boxes construct-positive plants. 2 A Kitami35 Hokushin Chihokukomugi Kun383-46 (F3) Kitamoe Wichita Kitakei1354 Takunekomugi Kitami19 Kitahonami Chihokukomugi Kitakei1463 Kitami53 Norman PI 173438 Kitakei1660 Horoshirikomugi Kun1051-166-8 105Y (F4) Chihokukomugi 105N Chihokukomugi 105K Kitami33 Kitakei1409 Not available Kitakei1033 B 7 P = 0.0990 5 P = 0.0008 P = 0.0034 P = 0.0757 6 4 5 3 Grains per spikelet Florets per spikelet 4 2 3 105K 105N 105Y 105K 105N 105Y P = 0.0933 P = 0.0015 P = 0.2372 80 60 P = 0.0416 70 50 60 40 Grains per spike Florets per spike 50 30 40 20 105K 105N 105Y 105K 105N 105Y Supplementary Fig. 2 Pedigree analysis of Kitahonami. (a) Genealogy of Japanese cultivar Kitahonami. (b) Phenotype of floret and grain in Kitahonami pedigrees. Fig. S2. Pedigree of Kitahonami and their yield performance. (A) Genealogy of Japanese winter wheat cultivar Kitahonami. (B) Phenotype of florets per spikelet and grains per spikelet in the pedigree. 3 90 ns 60 ns + 23 ns 85 50 + 105N 21 + ns 105Y 80 40 + + 19 ns 75 30 + + 70 20 17 + ns Plant height (cm) 65 Spike number per plant 10 15 + + P = 0.039 60 0 + -5 13 + P = 3.1x10 KH KH + 105N 105Y 105N 105Y 11 -6 + P = 1.8x10 25 140 + -7 ns spikelet position 9 + P = 1.8x10 24 130 + 7 = 4.1x10-4 23 a + P 120 b b + -5 22 5 P = 1.4x10 110 + 21 + 3 = 0.009 100 P 20 + Spike length (mm) 1 + 19 90 P = 0.001 Spikelet number per spike + 18 80 0 2 4 6 8 KH KH Grains per spikelet 105N 105Y 105N 105Y Fig. S3. Phenotype of TILLING mutant. Homozygous plants were compared in the M3 family. 105N indicates revertant mutant (functional) allele and 105Y wildtype (reduced-function) allele as Kitahonami (KH). Box edges represent the 25% quantile and 75% quantile with the median values shown by bold lines. Whiskers extend to data less than 1.5 times the interquartile range, and remaining data are indicated by circles. + indicate mean value. Differences between the haplotypes were analyzed by Tukey HSD or Student’s t-test (P ≤ 0.05). ns; not significant. 4 P = 0.0889 1000 50 45 P = 0.0510 P = 0.9658 900 40 P = 0.3091 800 40 P = 0.3158 700 P = 0.0004 30 600 35 20 Grain yield (kg/10a) 500 Grain number per spike Thousand grain weight (g) 400 10 30 Naganuma Kitami Naganuma Kitami Naganuma Kitami P = 0.2568 P = 0.7434 1200 2400 45 P = 0.0001 2 2200 P = 0.0509 1000 2000 40 800 P = 0.0051 P = 0.6579 1800 600 1600 35 1400 Biomass (kg/10a) Harvest index (%) Spike number per m 400 1200 200 1000 30 Naganuma Kitami Naganuma Kitami Naganuma Kitami Fig. S4.Fig. Yield S4. test Yield in the testtwo field of mutantconditions. in the two field conditions. Kitahonami revertant mutant family at Kitahonami revertant mutant family at M4 generation was compared. Blue box and white box indicate 105Y allele and 105N allele, respectively. DifferencesM4 generation were determined was by compared. Student’ s t-test Bluebox (N=4 plots indicates in Kitami and105Y N=3 alleleplots in andNaganuma). white box 105N allele. Differences were determined by Student’s t-test (n = 4 plots in Kitami and n = 3 plots in Naganuma). 5 0.07 Triticum monococcum (KT3-5) 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 GNI1-A / Actin / GNI1-A 0.02 0.01 0.00 GP LP FP TS WA GA YA Spike developmental stage 0.07 Triticum durum (cv. Langdon) 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 GNI1-A / Actin / GNI1-A 0.02 0.01 0.00 LP WA GA TP TP (central) (apical) Spike developmental stage Fig. S5.Fig. ExpressionS5 Expression pattern pattern ofof GNI1-AGNI1- Ain indiploid immature and tetraploid spikes wheat. of diploid and tetraploid wheat. GP: glumeGP: primordium glume primordium stage; stage; LP: lemmaLP: lemma primordium primordium stage;stage; FP:FP: floret floret primordium primordium stage; stage; TS: terminalTS: terminalspikelet spikelet stage; stage; WA: WA:white white anther anther stage; stage; GA: GA: green anther anther stage; stage; YA: YA: yellow yellow anther antherstage. stage; TP: tipping stage. Means ± SE of three biological replicates are shown. 6 Fig. S6. Structure of GNI1 homoeologs in Triticum aestivum. Boxes indicate exons and lines introns. White boxes indicate UTRs and grey boxes coding regions. Translucent boxes in GNI1-B and GNI1-D indicate un-transcribed sequences. 7 Traes_7AS_EBD5F1F54.1 Traes_7BS_581AA844D.1 Traes_7DS_12C14942B.1 study High levelTissue tissue High levelAge age High levelStress-disease stress-diseaseHigh levelVariety variety roots, roots, veg, 24_d, no_stress, no_stress, CS, CS (n=3) roots, roots, veg, 24_d, abiotic, P_starvation_10d, CS, CS (n=3) FT-A1 FT-B1 FT-D1 lf_shoot, shoots, veg, 24_d, no_stress, no_stress, CS, CS (n=3) lf_shoot, shoots, veg, 24_d, abiotic, P_starvation_10d, CS, CS (n=3) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, disease, Fus_50h, other, CM-3 (n=4) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, no_stress, mock_30h, other, CM-82036 (n=3) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, no_stress, mock_50h, other, CM-3 (n=2) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, disease, Fus_30h, other, CM-4 (n=3) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, disease, Fus_30h, other, CM-82036 (n=3) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, disease, Fus_50h, other, CM-2 (n=3) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, no_stress, mock_50h, other, CM-2 (n=3) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, no_stress, mock_50h, other, CM-1 (n=4) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, no_stress, mock_50h, other, CM-4 (n=3) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, no_stress, mock_30h, other, CM-4 (n=3) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, disease, Fus_30h, other, CM-3 (n=4) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, no_stress, mock_30h, other, CM-1 (n=3) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, disease, Fus_30h, other, CM-2 (n=2) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, disease, Fus_50h, other, CM-82036 (n=3) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, no_stress, mock_30h, other, CM-2 (n=4) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, disease, Fus_50h, other, CM-4 (n=3) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, disease, Fus_50h, other, CM-1 (n=2) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, no_stress, mock_30h, other, CM-3 (n=2) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, disease, Fus_30h, other, CM-1 (n=3) spike, spikelet, repr, anthesis, no_stress, mock_50h, other, CM-82036 (n=3) grain, endosp, repr, 10dpa, no_stress, no_stress, CS, CS (n=4) grain, transfer, repr, 20dpa, no_stress, no_stress, CS, CS (n=4) grain, aleurone, repr, 20dpa, no_stress, no_stress, CS, CS (n=6) grain, aleu_endo, repr, 30dpa, no_stress, no_stress, CS, CS (n=4) grain, sta_endosp, repr, 30dpa, no_stress, no_stress, CS, CS (n=4) grain, sta_endosp, repr, 20dpa, no_stress, no_stress, CS, CS (n=4) grain, endosp, repr, 20dpa, no_stress, no_stress, CS, CS (n=4) lf_shoot, flag_leaf, repr, 12dpa, transg, GPC_RNAi, other, GPC_RNAi (n=4) lf_shoot, flag_leaf, repr, 12dpa, no_stress, no_stress, other, Bobw (n=3) grain, aleurone, repr, 6dpa, no_stress, no_stress, other, Banks (n=1) grain, sta_endosp, repr, 6dpa, no_stress, no_stress, other, Banks (n=1) grain, aleurone, repr, 9dpa, no_stress, no_stress, other, Banks (n=1) grain, sta_endosp, repr, 9dpa, no_stress, no_stress, other, Banks (n=1) grain, aleurone, repr, 14dpa, no_stress, no_stress, other, Banks (n=1) grain, sta_endosp, repr, 14dpa, no_stress, no_stress, other, Banks (n=1) lf_shoot, leaves, seedling, seedling, disease, Stripe_6+, other, AvocetS (n=1) lf_shoot, 2_leaf, seedling, 14_d, no_stress, no_stress, other, Sevin (n=4) lf_shoot, 2_leaf, seedling, 14_d, disease, Sept_4d, other, Sevin (n=2) lf_shoot, 2_leaf, seedling, 14_d, disease, Sept_10d, other, Sevin (n=1) lf_shoot, 2_leaf, seedling, 14_d, disease, Sept_13d, other, Sevin (n=1) lf_shoot, shoots, veg,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Taxonomy and Phylogeny in Triticeae: a Historical Review and Current Status
    Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research Review Article Open Access Taxonomy and phylogeny in Triticeae: a historical review and current status Abstract Volume 3 Issue 5 - 2016 The Triticeae is an economically important tribe within the Poaceae. Because a number of cereal crops and forage grasses belong to the tribe it has attracted much scientific Mohannad G Al–Saghir attention covering many species: taxonomy, phylogeny, genetics, cytogenetic, genome Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio analyses (crossing ability and chromosome pairing), isoenzymes, molecular biology University, USA (RFLP, RAPD, PCR sequencing) and breeding. This paper contains a brief historical outline of the taxonomy of the tribe. Phylogenetic hypotheses regarding this tribe Correspondence: Mohannad G Al–Saghir, Department of inferred from different methods, techniques and approaches, are reviewed. The Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Zanesville, different phylogenies are discussed and compared and conflicts are elucidated. Ohio, USA, Email al–[email protected] Keywords: triticeae, phylogeny, taxonomy, poaceae, perennial species, durum Received: April 23, 2016 | Published: May 10, 2016 wheat, phylogenies, genetic diversity, cytogenetics, molecular biology, chromosomes, perennial, caespitose, thizomatous species Introduction as cited above. We can therefore conclude that the most appropriate outgroup for the tribe will be Bromus. The tribe Triticeae Dum is economically the most important tribe in the grass family (Poaceae). It encompasses between 350 and 500 Definition annual or perennial species,1–3 including the important cereal crops wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), durum wheat (T. turgidum sup. durum The Triticeae encompasses annual and perennial, caespitose or (Desf. MacKay) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereal L.) thizomatous species.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Trees, Supertrees, and Diversification of the Grass Family Trevor R
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 23 | Issue 1 Article 19 2007 Large Trees, Supertrees, and Diversification of the Grass Family Trevor R. Hodkinson Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Nicolas Salamin University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Mark W. Chase Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Yanis Bouchenak-Khelladi Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Stephen A. Renvoize Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hodkinson, Trevor R.; Salamin, Nicolas; Chase, Mark W.; Bouchenak-Khelladi, Yanis; Renvoize, Stephen A.; and Savolainen, Vincent (2007) "Large Trees, Supertrees, and Diversification of the Grass Family," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 23: Iss. 1, Article 19. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/19 Large Trees, Supertrees, and Diversification of the Grass Family Authors Trevor R. Hodkinson, Nicolas Salamin, Mark W. Chase, Yanis Bouchenak-Khelladi, Stephen A. Renvoize, and Vincent Savolainen This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/ 19 Aliso 23, pp. 248–258 ᭧ 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden LARGE TREES, SUPERTREES, AND DIVERSIFICATION OF THE GRASS FAMILY TREVOR R. HODKINSON,1,5 NICOLAS SALAMIN,2 MARK W. CHASE,3 YANIS BOUCHENAK-KHELLADI,1,3 STEPHEN A. RENVOIZE,4
    [Show full text]
  • A Floristic Study of Hamun Lake Basin, South East of Iran
    ECOLOGIA BALKANICA 2017, Vol. 9, Issue 1 June 2017 pp. 1-9 A Floristic Study of Hamun Lake Basin, South East of Iran Maryam Keshavarzi1*, Habibollah Ijbari2, Samaneh Mosaferi1,3, Farzaneh Ebrahimi1 1 - Alzahra University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Plant Sciences Department, Tehran, IRAN 2 - University of Zabol, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zabol, IRAN 3 - Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biology, Tehran, IRAN * Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. Lake Hamun is the largest freshwater resource in Iran with area of about 3820 km2. The present study aims to evaluate the floristic elements of the studied site. Plant samples were gathered from nature, from March to July at the growing season. Life form and chorotype of plants in Lake Hamun basin were investigated. Totally 128 plant species belonging to 80 genera and 30 families were identified. Families as Poaceae, Amaranthaceae and Fabaceae were the most dominant and frequent families. Considering biological types revealed that the most frequent forms were therophytes (61%) and hemicryptophytes (17%). Floristic elements of the area were mainly Irano- touranian mixed with Saharo-Arabian and Sindu-Sudanian types, although multi- and bi- regional elements were also frequent. As the lake has recently become an international conserved area, the complete biological and ecological study of the site is a necessity. Key words: Hamun Lake, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. Introduction Basin with area of approximately 310,000 km2 is Iran is a country in the south-west of Asia limited at the East by Iranian highlands, at the with 1.648 million km2 area.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Review and Prospect of Taxonomy of Tribe Triticeae Dumortier (Poaceae)
    Breeding Science 59: 513–518 (2009) Review Historical review and prospect of taxonomy of tribe Triticeae Dumortier (Poaceae) Chi Yen* and Jun Liang Yang Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, The People’s Republic of China The tribe Triticeae is a taxon in the Poaceae that includes several important cereal crops and forage grasses. All its species, including those that are not used for cereals or forage, are potential sources of genes for crop and forage improvement so they all have high economic value. Taxonomic treatments, including those of the Triticeae, are the basis for identification. They are often designed to reflect phylogenetic relationships and provide a guide for germplasm utilization. Traditional taxonomic treatments of the Triticeae were based on comparative morphology and geography. Morphological characters are phenotypes of an organism, resulting from interactions between or among dominant genes and environmental factors. Morphology cannot reflect recessive inheritance. Similar environmental conditions may result in morphological convergence in distantly related taxa and different environmental conditions in morphological divergence of closely related taxa. Con- sequently, traditional morphological taxonomy may result in misclassification. Cytogenetic and/or molecular genomic analysis may reveal such mistakes. On the basis of recent genomic investigations of the Triticeae, we have recognized 30 genera in this tribe. The taxonomic changes and genomic constitution of these genera are presented in this paper. Key Words: Triticeae, genera, genomic constitution, phylogenetic relationships. Introduction Linnaeus (1753) later named them Aegilops ovata and Ae. triuncialis, respectively. These names are, however, al- The tribe Triticeae is a taxon in the Poaceae that includes ways attributed to Linnaeus because, ever since acceptance several important cereal crops and forage grasses.
    [Show full text]
  • Ardabil-Tabriz, Iran, by the Members of Kyoto University Scientific Expedition to the Karakorani and Hindukush in 1955 (Sakamoto and Muramatsu, 1965)
    INTERGENERIC HYBRIDISATION BETWEEN EREMOPYRUM ORIENTALE AND HENRARDIA PERSICA, AN EXAMPLE OF POLYPLOID SPECIES FORMATION* SADAO SAKAMOTO National Institute of Genetics, Misima, Japan Received5.iv.71 1. INTRODUCTION THE tribe Triticeae, Gramineae, includes about 14 genera. Among them Henrardia C. E. Hubbard represents a very small genus which contains two annual species, Hn. persica (Boiss.) C. E. Hubbard and Hn. pubescens (Bertol.) C. E. Hubbard (Hubbard, 1946). The chromosome numbers of both have been reported as 2n =14,for the former by Sakamoto and Muramatsu (1965) and for the latter by Bowden (1966). The two representatives have quite a characteristic morphology, different, according to Bor (1960), from other genera of the tribe by the following characters: spikelets 1-2-flowered, awnless, sunk into a jointed fragile spike-axis and closely appressed to it; florets enclosed in collateral glumes; lemmas thin, membranous, 3-5-nerved. Both species are distributed in Turkey (Anatolia) and from there have dispersed eastwards through Armenia and Transcaucasia to Russian Central Asia and southwards to Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan and Baluchistan (Hubbard, bc. cit.). In an attempt to clarify the genetic relationships between this odd looking genus and other genera of the tribe, Hn. persica was crossed as either female or male parent with Aegilops bicornis Jaub. et Spach, Ae. caudata L., Ae. cylindrica Host, Ae. ovata L., Ae. sharonensis Eig, Ae. squarrosa L., Ae umbellulata Zhuk., Agropron tsukushiense (Honda) Ohwi, Ereinopyrum bonaepartis (Spreng.) Nevski, Er. orientate (L.) Jaub. et Spach, Heteranthelium pi1ferum (Banks et Sol.) Hochst, Taeniatherum asperum (Simonkai) Nevski and Triticum boeoticum Boiss. From these crosses intergeneric hybrids were obtained so far only in crosses of Henrardia persica with Eremopyrum orientate.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Flora of Iran: 4
    Notes on the flora of Iran: 4. Two new records and synopsis of the new data on Iranian Cruciferae since Flora Iranica HOSSEIN AKHANI ABSTRACT AKHANI, H. (2003). Notes on the flora ofIran: 4. Two new records and synopsis of the new data on Iranian Cmciferae since Flora Iranica. Calldo/lea 58: 369-385. In English, English and French abstracts. Cakile maritima and Raphalllls raphallistrllm are recorded for the first time from Iran, i.e. the sandy coastal parts of the South Caspian sea. Notes on the sandy flora of the S Caspian coastal dunes are added. A synopsis of ail new taxa, new records, taxonomic or nomenclatural changes, and a bibliography of79 published works on, or related to Iranian Crllciferae after the publication of Flora Iranica in 1968 are provided. According to these data 8 new taxa, 39 new records, 35 nomenclahlral or status changes and 8 reductions to synonymy were proposed c1uring the last 35 years. Accorclingly, the total number ofknown lranian Crllciferae increasecl from 104 to 120 gen­ era, and from 319 to 358 species, respectively. There have been remarkable changes or additions in the genera AIysslim , Malcolmia and Th/aspi. The following genera are adcled, c1escribed as new or because of taxonomic or nomenclatural reasons: Boreava, Cithareloma, Corolloplls, Crllcihi­ malaya, Fedtschellkova [= Malcolmia], HOl'IIllllgia, Iberis, li'allia [= Fibigia], Kotschye/la, Microth/aspi, Neotol'lliaria, Nellrotropis, Noccaea, Olimarabidopsis, Petilliotia, The/lllllgie/la and Vallia. RÉSUMÉ AKHANI, H. (2003). Notes sur la flore d'Iran: 4. Deux nouvelles citations pour la flore d'Iran et synopsis des nouvelles données pour la famille des Cmcifères publiées depuis Flora Iranica.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy of the Crested Wheatgrasses (Agropyron)
    Taxonomy of the Crested Wheatgrasses (Agropyron) Douglas R. Dewey ABSTRACT: The purposes of this paper are to review closely related species in different genera or the position of the genus Agropyron in the tribe distantly related species in the same genus. For Triticeae and to examine alternative taxonomic example, Agropyron scribneri and Sitanion hystrix treatments within Agropyron. When Agropyron is are closely related species (Dewey 1967), yet they defined as those species with the P genome, it have been placed in different genera on the basis of becomes a small genus with less than 10 species one vs. two spikelets per node. On the other hand, consisting of only the crested wheatgrasses. This Elymus canadensis and Elymus cinereus are distantly narrow definition of Agropyron is now accepted in related species (Dewey 1966), yet they have been Europe and Asia; North Americans should accept that placed in the same genus because they have two or same definition. As treated in1976 byN. N. more spikelets per node. To those who subscribe to Tzvelev in Poaceae URSS, Agropyron consists of 10 the philosophy that taxonomy should reflect species and 9 subspecies, but most of those taxa are biological relationships, inconsistencies of this endemics of little interest to North American users nature are unacceptable. of crested wheatgrass. North Americans need to consider only three species: 1) A. cristatum (L.) Over the past 30 to 40 years, cytogeneticists Gaertn. sensu lato,2) A. desertorum (Fisch. ex have accumulated a vast amount of information that Link) Schult., and 3) A. fra ile (Roth) Candargy measures biological relationships in terms of 1) the [ =A.
    [Show full text]
  • Reevaluation of Systematic Relationships in Triticum L. and Aegilops L
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Laura A. Morrison for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on October 21, 1994. Title: Reevaluation of Systematic Relationships in Triticum L. and Aegilops L. Based on Comparative Morphological and Anatomical Investigations of Dispersal Mechanisms Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Kenton L. Chambers Comparative morphological and anatomical studies of the dispersal mechanisms characterizing the wheat complex (Triticum L. and Aegilops L.) have documented patterns of adaptive radiation which may have significance for evolutionary relationships. These patterns, which form an array of diverse types of diaspores among the diploid taxa, appear conceptually to have a starting point in the dimorphic inflorescence of Ae. speltoides. Separate dispersal trends, centered primarily in features of rachis disarticulation, lead in the direction of novel diaspore types for Aegilops and in the direction of domestication for Triticum. With respect to the taxonomy, this structural evidence supports the traditional Linnaean generic circumscriptions and suggests a need for a monographic revision of Triticum. In documenting the dispersal mechanisms, these studies have clarified conventional interpretations and have offered new insights on the developmental relationships linking the wild and domesticated taxa of the wheat complex. Although genetic studies were not encompassed within this research, a consideration of the genetic explanations for rachis disarticulation and glume closure suggests that the phenotypic traits typically used in genetic studies are not well understood. Given that the reticulate nature of genomic relationships in the wheats is coupled with intergrading variation and polymorphic species, a proposal is made for a broader evolutionary view than is found in the strict cladistic concept.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovations for Sustainability and Food Security in Arid and Semiarid Lands
    1 2nd International Conference on Arid Lands Studies Innovations for sustainability and food security in arid and semiarid lands 10-14 September, 2014 Samarkand, Uzbekistan ABSTRACT BOOK 2014 2 i FOREWORDS We are pleased to welcome you to the Second International Conference on Arid Land Studies (ICAL2) “Innovations for Sustainability and Food Security in Arid and Semi arid areas” that is supported by the government of Uzbekistan and hosted by Samarkand State University 10-14 September 2014. This meeting is a logical follow-on to the recent Global Forum on “Vital Reserves in the Realization of Food Program in Uzbekistan” organized at the initiative of our country’s President Islam A. Karimov that was held 05-06 June this year in Uzbekistan. Dryland salinity, deforestation, decreasing productivity of rangelands and reduction of soil productivity are widespread phenomena and primary causes of desertification in the Central Asian region. The government of Uzbekistan is currently implementing effective measures to step up the production of food, draw foreign investments into the sphere, introduce cutting edge technologies, and boost export potential. These activities will ensure food security as a component of socio-economic development and create needed conditions for the dynamic development of a domestic agricultural industry complex that has an enormous production potential, and thus facilitate steadfast enhancement of the well-being, stability and prosperity of the country. To further the effectiveness of these activities, the ICAL2 conference is bringing together a group of internationally recognized experts, senior scientists from international research organizations, industry representatives, international development aid agencies, governmental leaders, policymakers and other stakeholders to share novel knowledge and experience in combating desertification and innovations in agriculture for ensuring food security and ecosystem resilience in arid and semi-arid regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Piero Cuccuini & Graziana Fiorini First Contribution to The
    Article Fl. Medit. 30: 5-18 https://doi.org/10.7320/FlMedit30.005 Version of Record published online on 23 March 2020 Piero Cuccuini & Graziana Fiorini First contribution to the taxonomic and cytotaxonomic study of Parapholis and Hainardia (Poaceae) in Albania Abstract Cuccuini, P. & Fiorini, G.: First contribution to the taxonomic and cytotaxonomic study of Parapholis and Hainardia (Poaceae) in Albania. — Fl. Medit. 30: 5-18. 2020. — ISSN: 1120- 4052 printed, 2240-4538 online. This is the first contribution to the study of Parapholis and Hainardia (Poaceae) in Albania. New taxa for the Albanian flora are reported for Parapholis (P. marginata and P. strigosa), together with the results of a comprehensive cytotaxonomic study of this genus, and a general taxonomic arrangement for Hainardia and Parapholis is provided, comparing the results with the corresponding data from adjacent Adriatic areas. Key words: Hainardieae, kariotype, taxonomy. Introduction The genus Parapholis was created by Hubbard (1946) to include four species previously described under different genera: P. incurva (L.) C.E. Hubb. (≡ Aegilops incurva L.), P. fili- formis (Roth) C.E. Hubb. (≡ Rottboella filiformis Roth), P. pycnantha (Hack.) C.E. Hubb. (≡ Lepturus filiformis var. pycnanthus Hack.) and P. strigosa (Dumort.) C.E. Hubb. (≡ Lepturus strigosus Dumort.), sharing spikelets sunk in rachis’s cavity, 1 floret, glumes 2, inserted side by side, at maturity the rhachis disarticulating with complete internode. Through a general revision of the genus, Runemark (1962) followed Hubbard’s treat- ment and described a fifth species, P. marginata Runemark, distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean. Up to now, two further taxa have been either indicated from Iraq (P.
    [Show full text]
  • Poaceae), and the Interrelation of Whole-Genome Duplication and Evolutionary Radiations in This Grass Tribe
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.05.129320; this version posted June 6, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Molecular phylogenetics and micromorphology of Australasian Stipeae (Poaceae), and the interrelation of whole-genome duplication and evolutionary radiations in this grass tribe Natalia Tkach,1 Marcin Nobis,2 Julia Schneider,1 Hannes Becher,1,3 Grit Winterfeld,1 Mary E. Barkworth,4 Surrey W. L. Jacobs5, Martin Röser1 1 Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Dept. of Systematic Botany, Neuwerk 21, 06108 Halle, Germany 2 Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3 st., 30-387 Kraków, Poland 3 present address: Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK 4 Biology Department, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan Utah, 84322, USA 5 deceased Addresses for correspondence: Martin Röser, [email protected]; Natalia Tkach, [email protected] ABSTRACT The mainly Australian grass genus Austrostipa with ca. 64 species represents a remarkable example of an evolutionary radiation. To investigate aspects of diversification, macro- and micromorphological variation in this genus we conducted a molecular phylogenetic and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis including representatives from all of its accepted subgenera. Plastid DNA variation within Austrostipa was low and only few lineages were resolved.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of the Maternal Genome of Tetraploid Ststyy Elymus (Triticeae: Poaceae) Species and the Monogenomic Triticeae Based on Rps16 Sequence Data
    Plant Science 178 (2010) 463–468 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Plant Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/plantsci Phylogenetic analysis of the maternal genome of tetraploid StStYY Elymus (Triticeae: Poaceae) species and the monogenomic Triticeae based on rps16 sequence data Curtis D. Hodge, Huan Wang, Genlou Sun ∗ Biology Department, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada article info abstract Article history: Although there have been several studies on the maternal genome donor of StStYY Elymus species, due Received 21 December 2009 to either the lack of inclusion of all the Triticeae diploid species or limited number of StY species used in Received in revised form 3 March 2010 the previous studies, it is necessary to investigate the origin of the maternal genome of the StStYY Elymus Accepted 4 March 2010 species with comprehensive samples of Triticeae diploid species. In this study we analyzed 18 tetraploid Available online 10 March 2010 StStYY Elymus species along with 27 diploid Triticeae species using chloroplast gene encoding ribosomal protein S16 (rps16) in an attempt to identify the maternal genome donor of StStYY Elymus species. The Keywords: rps16 data indicates that Pseudoroegneria is the maternal genome donor of StStYY Elymus species. A close Elymus Maternal genome relationship of the chloroplast of Thinopyrum and Dasypyrum with the St genome is found which leaves Chloroplast genome the possibility that Thinopyrum and Dasypyrum may have contributed to the chloroplast genome in StStYY Triticeae species. We also analyzed the cpDNA phylogeny for the monogenomic genera. Psathyrostachys juncea is at Phylogenetic analysis the base of the Triticeae tree, while the rest of the Triticeae species forms a well supported clade with a 91% bootstrap value.
    [Show full text]