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Innovations for Sustainability and Food Security in Arid and Semiarid Lands

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Innovations for Sustainability and Food Security in Arid and Semiarid Lands 1 2nd International Conference on Arid Lands Studies Innovations for sustainability and food security in arid and semiarid lands 10-14 September, 2014 Samarkand, Uzbekistan ABSTRACT BOOK 2014 2 i FOREWORDS We are pleased to welcome you to the Second International Conference on Arid Land Studies (ICAL2) “Innovations for Sustainability and Food Security in Arid and Semi arid areas” that is supported by the government of Uzbekistan and hosted by Samarkand State University 10-14 September 2014. This meeting is a logical follow-on to the recent Global Forum on “Vital Reserves in the Realization of Food Program in Uzbekistan” organized at the initiative of our country’s President Islam A. Karimov that was held 05-06 June this year in Uzbekistan. Dryland salinity, deforestation, decreasing productivity of rangelands and reduction of soil productivity are widespread phenomena and primary causes of desertification in the Central Asian region. The government of Uzbekistan is currently implementing effective measures to step up the production of food, draw foreign investments into the sphere, introduce cutting edge technologies, and boost export potential. These activities will ensure food security as a component of socio-economic development and create needed conditions for the dynamic development of a domestic agricultural industry complex that has an enormous production potential, and thus facilitate steadfast enhancement of the well-being, stability and prosperity of the country. To further the effectiveness of these activities, the ICAL2 conference is bringing together a group of internationally recognized experts, senior scientists from international research organizations, industry representatives, international development aid agencies, governmental leaders, policymakers and other stakeholders to share novel knowledge and experience in combating desertification and innovations in agriculture for ensuring food security and ecosystem resilience in arid and semi-arid regions. The participants will also address a number of research and development opportunities for marginal water resources and lands to prevent salinization and promote sustainable management of natural resources, including conservation of indigenous traditions of the desert and semi-desert zones. It is anticipated that the conference will highlight novel tools for evaluation and utilization of phytogenetic resources of saline dryland ecosystems and suggesting biological approaches and strategies for soil/water reclamation and sustainable use for improving food security and livelihood of people in these less favourable areas around the world. The overall expected outcome of the ICAL2 conference is increased awareness of the major challenges for agriculture and food security posed by climate change and the establishment of a platform for future international research collaborations in the area of combating desertification and degradation of natural and cultural environments in the desert and semidesert areas. It is our great pleasure to thank the International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Islamic Development Bank (IDB), International Center for Agriculture Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Eurasian Center for Food Security (ECSF), the Eurasian Soils Partnerships (ESP), Japanese organizations and institutions, USAID, UNESCO office in Tashkent, UNDP, as well as chiefs of diplomatic missions, leading experts and scientists from 22 countries of the world for their kind support. Without their contribution, this memorable global event may not have happened. This Book of Abstracts documents how our improved understanding of drylands provides insight into the health and future prospects of these precious ecosystems that will ensure that dryland communities enjoy a sustainable future. Professor Ulugbek Tashkenbaev, Rector, Samarkand State University ii Productive and fertile soils are becoming scarce in arid and hyper-arid desert environments globally. These areas usually suffer from fresh water resources, which threaten the region food and water securities. Such complex situations necessitates to understand the ecosystem of arid and semi arid lands and to look at both mitigation and adaptation processes carefully, both from environmental and economical perspectives. The process of land degradation, specifically because of salinization has spread over 1 billion hectares in more than 100 countries globally. This has encouraged the scientists and researchers to work more on the plant genetics, agronomical management practices and innovations in agriculture to improve food and water securities. The ICAL2 conference is an initiative by the Government of Uzbekistan and the Samarkand State University. The International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA) being an active international R4D organization is honored to be the co-organizer of the conference. This Forum is built on the outcomes of the research achievements, meetings, workshops and other conferences held in the region in partnership with many national and international organizations, including, USAID, FAO, UNESCO, UNDP, ICARDA and others.The conference is expected to cover different topics related to innovations for food security and will bring many national and international expertise at the event. I wish to sincerely thank Mr. Alisher Vakhobov from the Ministry of High and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan,; Mr Zoir Mirzaev, Khokim of the Samarkand region and Prof. Ulugbek Tshkenbaev from Samarkand State University for their inspiration and respective endeavors to ensure the success of the conference. Dr. Ismahane Elaouafi Director General International Center for Biosaline Agriculture Dubai, United Arab Emirates iii Agriculture development under arid conditions through wide introduction of innovative technologies is an important factor of ensuring food security of population in many regions including Central Asia. Today the problems of natural resources utilization are of special urgency as they enable to maintain sustainable development of territories including rational use of agro- ecosystems of arid areas providing their protection as a paramount issue. Organization of the conference once again indicates the importance of solution of these problems at the international level. It is known, that now, owing to the necessity to intensify agricultural production to provide increasing population with sufficient food, considerable changes in the land tenure system are taking place; therefore, many ecosystems including natural ecosystems of arid territories are subject to degradation. Extremely adverse consequences of unreasonable management of natural resources are changes in floristic structure and disappearance of natural vegetation. It is obvious that the adverse changes occurring due to application of one-sided approaches in management of land-and-water resources ignoring ecological principles have a negative impact on the natural habitat of live organisms, deteriorate the quality and decrease the quantity of soil of the inundated rivers, lakes and wetland ecosystems. Thereupon, at the present stage of development, world-wide studying the mechanisms of the prevention of negative changes in environment, assistance to protection and rational use of natural resources with biodiversity preservation get the increasing value. Currently, the issues of ensuring stability of agricultural production in arid and semi-arid territories dramatically lack both fundamental and applied scientific research in which ecological aspects are considered along with biological, physical, economic and social problems. Only an integrated and universal approach can create a basis for long-term stability of development of agriculture reflecting interrelation of local and regional eco-systems in arid territories. Certainly, the conference will give the participants a chance to present scientific results and practical application of the research projects, to take part in discussions concerning the ways to meet the environment requirements. This activity will trigger wide acquaintance with innovative approaches in the domain of conducting agriculture necessary for ensuring food security of the population and sustainable development of arid territories. On behalf of environmentalists of Uzbekistan, we wish the participants to enjoy the success of the conference work which will undoubtedly render a powerful impetus to further development of the international cooperation of researchers and experts, to strengthen their interaction with the international organizations and foreign research centers, with a view of joint advancement of innovative technologies in agriculture meeting the principles of environment protection and rational use of natural resources. Boriy Alikhanov and Dilorom Fayzieva Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan iv INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE: Ismahane Elouafi, ICBA, UAE Shoaib Ismail, ICBA, UAE Josef Turok, ICARDA PFU, Uzbekistan Hiroko Isoda, University of Tsukuba, Japan Masa Iwanaga, JIRCAS, Japan Toshinori Kojima, Seikei University, Japan Yoshiko Kawabata, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan Ken Yoshikawa, Okayama University, Japan Raafat Misak, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait Robert S. Nowak, University of Nevada, Reno, USA Munir Ozturk, Izmir University, Turkey Hiromichi Toyoda, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan Toshinobu Usuyama, University of Tsukuba, Japan Kenji Tanaka,
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