Notes on the Flora of Iran: 4
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Rare Birds in Iran in the Late 1960S and 1970S
Podoces, 2008, 3(1/2): 1–30 Rare Birds in Iran in the Late 1960s and 1970s DEREK A. SCOTT Castletownbere Post Office, Castletownbere, Co. Cork, Ireland. Email: [email protected] Received 26 July 2008; accepted 14 September 2008 Abstract: The 12-year period from 1967 to 1978 was a period of intense ornithological activity in Iran. The Ornithology Unit in the Department of the Environment carried out numerous surveys throughout the country; several important international ornithological expeditions visited Iran and subsequently published their findings, and a number of resident and visiting bird-watchers kept detailed records of their observations and submitted these to the Ornithology Unit. These activities added greatly to our knowledge of the status and distribution of birds in Iran, and produced many records of birds which had rarely if ever been recorded in Iran before. This paper gives details of all records known to the author of 92 species that were recorded as rarities in Iran during the 12-year period under review. These include 18 species that had not previously been recorded in Iran, a further 67 species that were recorded on fewer than 13 occasions, and seven slightly commoner species for which there were very few records prior to 1967. All records of four distinctive subspecies are also included. The 29 species that were known from Iran prior to 1967 but not recorded during the period under review are listed in an Appendix. Keywords: Rare birds, rarities, 1970s, status, distribution, Iran. INTRODUCTION Eftekhar, E. Kahrom and J. Mansoori, several of whom quickly became keen ornithologists. -
Plant Species of Special Concern and Vascular Plant Flora of the National
Plant Species of Special Concern and Vascular Plant Flora of the National Elk Refuge Prepared for the US Fish and Wildlife Service National Elk Refuge By Walter Fertig Wyoming Natural Diversity Database The Nature Conservancy 1604 Grand Avenue Laramie, WY 82070 February 28, 1998 Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following individuals for their assistance with this project: Jim Ozenberger, ecologist with the Jackson Ranger District of Bridger-Teton National Forest, for guiding me in his canoe on Flat Creek and for providing aerial photographs and lodging; Jennifer Whipple, Yellowstone National Park botanist, for field assistance and help with field identification of rare Carex species; Dr. David Cooper of Colorado State University, for sharing field information from his 1994 studies; Dr. Ron Hartman and Ernie Nelson of the Rocky Mountain Herbarium, for providing access to unmounted collections by Michele Potkin and others from the National Elk Refuge; Dr. Anton Reznicek of the University of Michigan, for confirming the identification of several problematic Carex specimens; Dr. Robert Dorn for confirming the identification of several vegetative Salix specimens; and lastly Bruce Smith and the staff of the National Elk Refuge for providing funding and logistical support and for allowing me free rein to roam the refuge for plants. 2 Table of Contents Page Introduction . 6 Study Area . 6 Methods . 8 Results . 10 Vascular Plant Flora of the National Elk Refuge . 10 Plant Species of Special Concern . 10 Species Summaries . 23 Aster borealis . 24 Astragalus terminalis . 26 Carex buxbaumii . 28 Carex parryana var. parryana . 30 Carex sartwellii . 32 Carex scirpoidea var. scirpiformis . -
Untangling Phylogenetic Patterns and Taxonomic Confusion in Tribe Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) with Special Focus on Generic
TAXON 67 (1) • February 2018: 83–112 Madhani & al. • Phylogeny and taxonomy of Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) Untangling phylogenetic patterns and taxonomic confusion in tribe Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) with special focus on generic boundaries Hossein Madhani,1 Richard Rabeler,2 Atefeh Pirani,3 Bengt Oxelman,4 Guenther Heubl5 & Shahin Zarre1 1 Department of Plant Science, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran 2 University of Michigan Herbarium-EEB, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-2228, U.S.A. 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1436, Mashhad, Iran 4 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden 5 Biodiversity Research – Systematic Botany, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany; and GeoBio Center LMU Author for correspondence: Shahin Zarre, [email protected] DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/671.6 Abstract Assigning correct names to taxa is a challenging goal in the taxonomy of many groups within the Caryophyllaceae. This challenge is most serious in tribe Caryophylleae since the supposed genera seem to be highly artificial, and the available morphological evidence cannot effectively be used for delimitation and exact determination of taxa. The main goal of the present study was to re-assess the monophyly of the genera currently recognized in this tribe using molecular phylogenetic data. We used the sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the chloroplast gene rps16 for 135 and 94 accessions, respectively, representing all 16 genera currently recognized in the tribe Caryophylleae, with a rich sampling of Gypsophila as one of the most heterogeneous groups in the tribe. -
Brassicaceae) in Turkey
Bangladesh J. Bot. 46(2): 623-629, 2017 (June) POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF SIX SPECIES PREVIOUSLY PLACED IN MALCOLMIA (BRASSICACEAE) IN TURKEY * 1 2 3 AYLA KAYA , MURAT ÜNAL , FEVZİ ÖZGÖKÇE , BEKİR DOĞAN 4 AND ESRA MARTİN Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. Keywords: Pollen morphology, Malcolmia, Strigosella, Zuvanda, Turkey Abstract The genus Malcolmia R. Br. (Brassicaceae) is taxonomically problematic and some of its species have recently been transferred to the genera Strigosella Boiss. and Zuvanda Dvorak. In this study, pollen morphology of some species of Malcolmia, Strigosella and Zuvanda, previously placed in Malcolmia genus, were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM), in order to determine the significance of pollen features as taxonomic characters. The results reveal rather uniform morphological features, however fine details are characteristic to distinguishing pollen grains in the species of the genus. The pollen grains in three genera are tricolpate and the surface sculpturing type is reticulate. The basic shape of the pollen grains in species studied is euprolate, subprolate-euprolate and euprolate-perprolate. While pollen grains of S. africana is the smallest in all examined species, M. chia is the biggest. However, three genera can be easily separated by the length of the polar and equatorial axes themselves. Introduction The genus Malcolmia R.Br. is a member of Brassicaceae and it comprises ten species distributed throughout the world (Al-Shehbaz et al. 2006). Malcolmia was previously represented by six species in Turkey (Cullen 1965). In recent studies, two more species belonging to Malcolmia genus have added to the flora of Turkey as new records. -
Taxonomy and Phylogeny in Triticeae: a Historical Review and Current Status
Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research Review Article Open Access Taxonomy and phylogeny in Triticeae: a historical review and current status Abstract Volume 3 Issue 5 - 2016 The Triticeae is an economically important tribe within the Poaceae. Because a number of cereal crops and forage grasses belong to the tribe it has attracted much scientific Mohannad G Al–Saghir attention covering many species: taxonomy, phylogeny, genetics, cytogenetic, genome Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio analyses (crossing ability and chromosome pairing), isoenzymes, molecular biology University, USA (RFLP, RAPD, PCR sequencing) and breeding. This paper contains a brief historical outline of the taxonomy of the tribe. Phylogenetic hypotheses regarding this tribe Correspondence: Mohannad G Al–Saghir, Department of inferred from different methods, techniques and approaches, are reviewed. The Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Zanesville, different phylogenies are discussed and compared and conflicts are elucidated. Ohio, USA, Email al–[email protected] Keywords: triticeae, phylogeny, taxonomy, poaceae, perennial species, durum Received: April 23, 2016 | Published: May 10, 2016 wheat, phylogenies, genetic diversity, cytogenetics, molecular biology, chromosomes, perennial, caespitose, thizomatous species Introduction as cited above. We can therefore conclude that the most appropriate outgroup for the tribe will be Bromus. The tribe Triticeae Dum is economically the most important tribe in the grass family (Poaceae). It encompasses between 350 and 500 Definition annual or perennial species,1–3 including the important cereal crops wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), durum wheat (T. turgidum sup. durum The Triticeae encompasses annual and perennial, caespitose or (Desf. MacKay) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereal L.) thizomatous species. -
Pollen Flora of Pakistan -Xlii. Brassicaceae Anjum
Pak. J. Bot., 36(4): 683-700, 2004. POLLEN FLORA OF PAKISTAN -XLII. BRASSICACEAE ANJUM PERVEEN, M. QAISER AND REHANA KHAN* Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan *Federal Urdu University of Science, Arts & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, University Road, Karachi, Pakistan Abstract Pollen morphology of 77 species belonging to 36 genera of the family Brassicaceae from Pakistan has been examined by light and scanning electron microscope. Pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar sub-prolate to prolate, or prolate-spheroidal rarely oblate-spheroidal, tricolpate rarely 4-8 colpate. Sexine thinner or thicker than nexine. Tectum fine to coarsely reticulate with more or less regular pattern of muri or reticulate – rugulate. On the basis of tectal surface four distinct pollen types are recognized viz., Arabis bijuga-type, Farsetia ramosissima- type, Draba lanceolata –type and Erysimum melicentae – type. Introduction Brassicaceae is a cosmopolitan family of about 350 genera and 3000 species, occurring mainly in north temperate zone particularly in Mediterranean region (Mabberely, 1987). In Pakistan it is distributed by 92 genera and 250 species (Jafri, 1973). Cruciferae are annual, biennial and perennial herbs. Corolla is cruciform (4 petals arranged in cross manner. Some common members of Brassicaceae are species of Brassica oleracea (Broccoli, Brussels sprout, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Kale etc.). Oil is also extracted from the seed of Brassica species. Many Crucifers are cultivated as ornamentals like Aubrieta deltoidea (aubrietia), Erysimum cheire (wallflower), Arabis sp., (rock cress). Chiguriaeva (1973) examined the pollen morphology of the family Brassicaceae in relation to taxonomy. Javied & Naqshi (1975) also utilized pollen data in the classification of family Brassicaceae. -
Central Asia
#1 Central Asia Snow leopard. All three big cats in the region – Persian leopard, Asiatic cheetah and snow leopard – are threatened by illegal hunting. Hunting of the cats' natural prey also causes starvation and increases the likelihood of attacks on domestic animals. 14 | | 15 Contents #1 3 _ Ongoing conservation efforts 54 List of figures 18 List of tables 18 3.1 Government 56 List of boxes 18 3.1.1 Institutions for conservation 56 List of abbreviations and acronyms 18 3.1.2 Protected areas 59 3.1.3 Transboundary initiatives 60 3.1.4 Wildlife law enforcement 62 3.1.5 National and local policies 63 0 _ Executive summary 20 3.1.6 International agreements 66 3.2 Community-based conservation 67 3.3 Civil society 67 1 _ Background 24 3.3.1 CSOs in Central Asia 67 3.3.2 CSO/NGO approaches and projects 68 1.1 Socio-economic setting 26 3.4 Private sector 72 1.1.1 Political and administrative context 26 3.5 International agencies and donors 73 1.1.2 Population and livelihoods 27 1.1.3 Economy 29 1.1.4 Resource ownership and governance 30 1.2 Key biodiversity features 31 4 _ Lessons learned 78 1.2.1 Geography and climate 31 4.1 Protected areas 80 1.2.2 Habitats and ecosystems 32 4.2 Landscape approaches to conservation 81 1.2.3 Species diversity, endemicity and extinction risk 35 4.3 Transboundary initiatives 82 1.2.4 Geographic priorities for conservation 36 4.4 Wildlife crime 82 4.5 Trophy and market hunting 84 4.6 Civil society organisations 85 2 _ Conservation challenges 40 4.7 Biodiversity conservation research 85 4.8 Private sector 85 -
Central Iran ىزﮐرﻣ نارﯾا
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd ايران مرکزی Central Iran Includes ¨ Why Go? Qom 147 Central Iran, encompassing the magnificent cities of Esfa- Kashan 151 han, Yazd and Shiraz, is the cultural tour-de-force of Iran. Esfahan 158 Wedged between the Zagros Mountains to the west and the Dasht-e Kavir 178 Dasht-e Kavir to the east, it offers the quintessential Persian experience and it’s no coincidence that it attracts the most Yazd 182 visitors. But in an age that celebrates getting off the beat- Shiraz 195 en track, this is one destination where this is a redundant Persepolis 207 quest: for centuries people have crossed this land, following Pasargadae 210 in the footsteps of ancient empire builders, their journeys commemorated in the artistic wonders at Persepolis. You can continue that journey today, tracing the silk route along desert byways, through city bazaars and across Best Places to mountain passes – in much the same manner as the region’s Eat famous nomads. Many of the caravanserai and khans that dot these routes have been restored and overnighting in one ¨ Abbasi Teahouse & of these hospitable lodgings serves as an appointment with Traditional Restaurant (p172) history. ¨ Bastani Traditional Restaurant (p171) ¨ Shahrzad (p172) When to Go ¨ Ghavam (p205) Visit in the spring when Persian gardens are in bud, mountain orchards are full of flowers and the rose fields around Kashan ¨ Talar Yazd (p190) are at their fragrant best. Although there is some difference in climate from region to region, generally travelling in the extreme heat of summer Best Places to when temperatures can reach 50°C or more is not much fun Sleep between June to September. -
Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan
NEPA Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan An Output of the National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment for Global Environment Management (NCSA) for Afghanistan June 2008 United Nations Environment Programme Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch First published in Kabul in 2008 by the United Nations Environment Programme. Copyright © 2008, United Nations Environment Programme. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. United Nations Environment Programme Darulaman Kabul, Afghanistan Tel: +93 (0)799 382 571 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org DISCLAIMER The contents of this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP, or contributory organizations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Unless otherwise credited, all the photos in this publication have been taken by the UNEP staff. Design and Layout: Rachel Dolores -
Large Trees, Supertrees, and Diversification of the Grass Family Trevor R
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 23 | Issue 1 Article 19 2007 Large Trees, Supertrees, and Diversification of the Grass Family Trevor R. Hodkinson Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Nicolas Salamin University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Mark W. Chase Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Yanis Bouchenak-Khelladi Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Stephen A. Renvoize Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hodkinson, Trevor R.; Salamin, Nicolas; Chase, Mark W.; Bouchenak-Khelladi, Yanis; Renvoize, Stephen A.; and Savolainen, Vincent (2007) "Large Trees, Supertrees, and Diversification of the Grass Family," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 23: Iss. 1, Article 19. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/19 Large Trees, Supertrees, and Diversification of the Grass Family Authors Trevor R. Hodkinson, Nicolas Salamin, Mark W. Chase, Yanis Bouchenak-Khelladi, Stephen A. Renvoize, and Vincent Savolainen This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/ 19 Aliso 23, pp. 248–258 ᭧ 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden LARGE TREES, SUPERTREES, AND DIVERSIFICATION OF THE GRASS FAMILY TREVOR R. HODKINSON,1,5 NICOLAS SALAMIN,2 MARK W. CHASE,3 YANIS BOUCHENAK-KHELLADI,1,3 STEPHEN A. RENVOIZE,4 -
Harvard Papers in Botany Volume 22, Number 1 June 2017
Harvard Papers in Botany Volume 22, Number 1 June 2017 A Publication of the Harvard University Herbaria Including The Journal of the Arnold Arboretum Arnold Arboretum Botanical Museum Farlow Herbarium Gray Herbarium Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium ISSN: 1938-2944 Harvard Papers in Botany Initiated in 1989 Harvard Papers in Botany is a refereed journal that welcomes longer monographic and floristic accounts of plants and fungi, as well as papers concerning economic botany, systematic botany, molecular phylogenetics, the history of botany, and relevant and significant bibliographies, as well as book reviews. Harvard Papers in Botany is open to all who wish to contribute. Instructions for Authors http://huh.harvard.edu/pages/manuscript-preparation Manuscript Submission Manuscripts, including tables and figures, should be submitted via email to [email protected]. The text should be in a major word-processing program in either Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh, or a compatible format. Authors should include a submission checklist available at http://huh.harvard.edu/files/herbaria/files/submission-checklist.pdf Availability of Current and Back Issues Harvard Papers in Botany publishes two numbers per year, in June and December. The two numbers of volume 18, 2013 comprised the last issue distributed in printed form. Starting with volume 19, 2014, Harvard Papers in Botany became an electronic serial. It is available by subscription from volume 10, 2005 to the present via BioOne (http://www.bioone. org/). The content of the current issue is freely available at the Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries website (http://huh. harvard.edu/pdf-downloads). The content of back issues is also available from JSTOR (http://www.jstor.org/) volume 1, 1989 through volume 12, 2007 with a five-year moving wall. -
Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California
ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise.