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Exploring Agro-Towns and Inequality in Southern Italy Through a Collective
A new Mezzogiorno? Exploring agro-towns and inequality in Southern Italy through a collective agricultural system in Apulia, 1600-1900 “What do people do here? I once asked at a little town between Rome and Naples; and the man with whom I talked, shrugging his shoulders, answered curtly, „c‟è miseria‟, there‟s nothing but poverty… I have seen poverty enough, and squalid conditions of life, but the most ugly and repulsive collection of houses I ever came upon was the town of Squillace”.1 George Gissing’s ‘rambles’ through Southern Italy at the turn of the twentieth century led him to remark extensively on the topography. In particular, he frequently mentioned the miserable living conditions of the people he encountered who tended to live huddled together in large impoverished towns. His account is made all the more interesting by the fact that (a) Southern Italy is today more economically disadvantaged than Northern Italy with some of the poorest social and economic infrastructures in Western Europe,2 and (b) this habitation pattern within large towns has been retained in large parts of modern Southern Italy. While alternative settlement patterns do exist in Southern Italy including small villages and isolated farms, it is undeniable that the distribution of large concentrated towns is prolific.a It is also a settlement structure often seen in other areas of the Mediterranean such as in central and southern parts of the Iberian Peninsula, regions of mainland Greece, and in parts of Northern Africa. These large agglomerated settlements are often referred to as ‘agro-towns’, pointing to their essentially agricultural function. -
The Transformation to the Early Middle Ages
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES From the Light and into the Dark: The Transformation to the Early Middle Ages Arrush Choudhary College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University From a historic perspective, the period of Roman rule and the following Middle Ages are po- lar opposites. For most, the city of Rome and the Western Roman Empire represent a time of advancement for the Mediterranean world while the Middle Ages are viewed as a regression of sorts for Europe. The reasons explaining the underlying cause of this transition from the West- ern Roman Empire to the Middle Ages are numerous but this paper will specifically focus on the practices started by the Romans themselves and how they contributed to the rise of the Early Middle Ages on the Italian Peninsula. More specifically, economic turmoil and urbanization fol- lowing the 3rd century crisis in the city of Rome laid the groundwork for social, legislative, and political changes that thread the path to the fundamental characteristics of the Middle Ages. Changing views of the city and the countryside, the construction of latifundia and villas, and the passing of legislation that restricted the rights of laborers, in addition to other transformations in late Rome, all contributed to the decentralized governance, rural life, and serfdom that are characteristic of the Middle Ages. Ultimately, the goal of this paper is to illustrate that despite the major differences that exist between the Roman period and the Middle Ages, the practices of the late Western Roman Empire were often directly carried over into the Middle Ages and, as a result, for one to truly understand the origins of the Middle Ages, it is essential to comprehend the traditions started by the late Romans. -
Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Bernard, Seth G., "Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C." (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 492. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Abstract MEN AT WORK: PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION, LABOR, AND SOCIETY AT MID-REPUBLICAN ROME, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard C. Brian Rose, Supervisor of Dissertation This dissertation investigates how Rome organized and paid for the considerable amount of labor that went into the physical transformation of the Middle Republican city. In particular, it considers the role played by the cost of public construction in the socioeconomic history of the period, here defined as 390 to 168 B.C. During the Middle Republic period, Rome expanded its dominion first over Italy and then over the Mediterranean. As it developed into the political and economic capital of its world, the city itself went through transformative change, recognizable in a great deal of new public infrastructure. -
9781107013995 Index.Pdf
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01399-5 — Rome Rabun Taylor , Katherine Rinne , Spiro Kostof Index More Information INDEX abitato , 209 , 253 , 255 , 264 , 273 , 281 , 286 , 288 , cura(tor) aquarum (et Miniciae) , water 290 , 319 commission later merged with administration, ancient. See also Agrippa ; grain distribution authority, 40 , archives ; banishment and 47 , 97 , 113 , 115 , 116 – 17 , 124 . sequestration ; libraries ; maps ; See also Frontinus, Sextus Julius ; regions ( regiones ) ; taxes, tarif s, water supply ; aqueducts; etc. customs, and fees ; warehouses ; cura(tor) operum maximorum (commission of wharves monumental works), 162 Augustan reorganization of, 40 – 41 , cura(tor) riparum et alvei Tiberis (commission 47 – 48 of the Tiber), 51 censuses and public surveys, 19 , 24 , 82 , cura(tor) viarum (roads commission), 48 114 – 17 , 122 , 125 magistrates of the vici ( vicomagistri ), 48 , 91 codes, laws, and restrictions, 27 , 29 , 47 , Praetorian Prefect and Guard, 60 , 96 , 99 , 63 – 65 , 114 , 162 101 , 115 , 116 , 135 , 139 , 154 . See also against permanent theaters, 57 – 58 Castra Praetoria of burial, 37 , 117 – 20 , 128 , 154 , 187 urban prefect and prefecture, 76 , 116 , 124 , districts and boundaries, 41 , 45 , 49 , 135 , 139 , 163 , 166 , 171 67 – 69 , 116 , 128 . See also vigiles (i re brigade), 66 , 85 , 96 , 116 , pomerium ; regions ( regiones ) ; vici ; 122 , 124 Aurelian Wall ; Leonine Wall ; police and policing, 5 , 100 , 114 – 16 , 122 , wharves 144 , 171 grain, l our, or bread procurement and Severan reorganization of, 96 – 98 distribution, 27 , 89 , 96 – 100 , staf and minor oi cials, 48 , 91 , 116 , 126 , 175 , 215 102 , 115 , 117 , 124 , 166 , 171 , 177 , zones and zoning, 6 , 38 , 84 , 85 , 126 , 127 182 , 184 – 85 administration, medieval frumentationes , 46 , 97 charitable institutions, 158 , 169 , 179 – 87 , 191 , headquarters of administrative oi ces, 81 , 85 , 201 , 299 114 – 17 , 214 Church. -
The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476)
Impact of Empire 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd i 5-4-2007 8:35:52 Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of the Network Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands E-mail addresses: [email protected] and [email protected] Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire geza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd ii 5-4-2007 8:35:52 The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476) Economic, Social, Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 200 B.C. – A.D. 476) Capri, March 29 – April 2, 2005 Edited by Lukas de Blois & Elio Lo Cascio With the Aid of Olivier Hekster & Gerda de Kleijn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. -
The Monumental Villa at Palazzi Di Casignana and the Roman Elite in Calabria (Italy) During the Fourth Century AD
The Monumental Villa at Palazzi di Casignana and the Roman Elite in Calabria (Italy) during the Fourth Century AD. by Maria Gabriella Bruni A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classical Archaeology in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Committee in Charge Professor Christopher H. Hallett, Chair Professor Ronald S. Stroud Professor Anthony W. Bulloch Professor Carlos F. Noreña Fall 2009 The Monumental Villa at Palazzi di Casignana and the Roman Elite in Calabria (Italy) during the Fourth Century AD. Copyright 2009 Maria Gabriella Bruni Dedication To my parents, Ken and my children. i AKNOWLEDGMENTS I am extremely grateful to my advisor Professor Christopher H. Hallett and to the other members of my dissertation committee. Their excellent guidance and encouragement during the major developments of this dissertation, and the whole course of my graduate studies, were crucial and precious. I am also thankful to the Superintendence of the Archaeological Treasures of Reggio Calabria for granting me access to the site of the Villa at Palazzi di Casignana and its archaeological archives. A heartfelt thank you to the Superintendent of Locri Claudio Sabbione and to Eleonora Grillo who have introduced me to the villa and guided me through its marvelous structures. Lastly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my husband Ken, my sister Sonia, Michael Maldonado, my children, my family and friends. Their love and support were essential during my graduate -
Quod Omnium Nationum Exterarum Princeps Sicilia
Quod omnium nationum exterarum princeps Sicilia A reappraisal of the socio-economic history of Sicily under the Roman Republic, 241-44 B.C. Master’s thesis Tom Grijspaardt 4012658 RMA Ancient, Medieval and Renaissance Studies Track: Ancient Studies Utrecht University Thesis presented: June 20th 2017 Supervisor: prof. dr. L.V. Rutgers Second reader: dr. R. Strootman Contents Introduction 4 Aims and Motivation 4 Structure 6 Chapter I: Establishing a methodological and interpretative framework 7 I.1. Historiography, problems and critical analysis 7 I.1a.The study of ancient economies 7 I.1b. The study of Republican Sicily 17 I.1c. Recent developments 19 I.2. Methodological framework 22 I.2a. Balance of the sources 22 I.2b. Re-embedding the economy 24 I.3. Interpretative framework 26 I.3a. Food and ideology 27 I.3b. Mechanisms of non-market exchange 29 I.3c. The plurality of ancient economies 32 I.4. Conclusion 38 Chapter II. Archaeology of the Economy 40 II.1. Preliminaries 40 II.1a. On survey archaeology 40 II.1b. Selection of case-studies 41 II.2. The Carthaginian West 43 II.2a. Segesta 43 II.2b. Iatas 45 II.2c. Heraclea Minoa 47 II.2d. Lilybaeum 50 II.3. The Greek East 53 II.3a. Centuripe 53 II.3b. Tyndaris 56 II.3c. Morgantina 60 II.3d. Halasea 61 II.4. Agriculture 64 II.4a. Climate and agricultural stability 64 II.4b. On crops and yields 67 II.4c. On productivity and animals 70 II.5. Non-agricultural production and commerce 72 II.6. Conclusion 74 Chapter III. -
Ostia Antica from the Republic Through Late Antiquity
excerpt ACTA INSTITUTI ROMANI FINLANDIAE ACTA ACTA INSTITUTI ROMANI FINLANDIAE VOL. 47 IRF 1. Sylloge inscriptionum Christianarum veterum Musei Vaticani 23. The Roman Middle Republic 47 Ediderunt commentariisque instruxerunt sodales Instituti Romani Politics, religion, and historiography c. 400 - 133 B.C. Finlandiae curante HENRICO ZILLIACUS, 1-2, 1963. edited by CHRISTER BRUUN, 2000. [Out of print] 2. 1. Onomastic Studies in the Early Christian Inscriptions of Rome 24. Magistrates and Assemblies. A Study of Legislative Practice in and Carthage by IIRO KAJANTO, 1963. [Out of print] Republican Rome by KAJ SANDBERG, 2001. 2. Biometrical Notes by HENRIK NORDBERG, 1963. [Out of print] 3. A Study of the Greek Epitaphs of Rome 25. Women, Wealth and Power in the Roman Empire by IIRO KAJANTO, 1963. [Out of print] by PÄIVI SETÄLÄ, RIA BERG et al., 2002. HARBOUR CITY: MULTICULTURAL A IN AND DEATH LIFE 3-4. Graffiti del Palatino 26. Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial Life in Between raccolti ed editi sotto la direzione di VEIKKO VÄÄNÄNEN. by MAIJASTINA KAHLOS, 2002. 3. Paedagogium a cura di HEIKKI SOLIN e MARJA ITKONEN-KAILA, 1966. 27. Ostia e Portus nelle loro relazioni con Roma 4. Domus Tiberiana a cura di CHRISTER BRUUN e ANNA GALLINA ZEVI, 2002. LIFE AND DEATH IN A MULTICULTURAL a cura di PAAVO CASTRÉN e HENRIK LILIUS, 1970. 28. The Roman Curia, the Apostolic Penitentiary and the Partes in 5. Studies in the Romanization of Etruria the Later Middle Ages ATRICK RUUN HARBOUR CITY: by P B et al., 1975. [Out of print] KIRSI SALONEN and CHRISTIAN KRÖTZL, 2003. -
Roman Architecture with Professor Diana EE Kleiner Lecture 3
HSAR 252 - Roman Architecture with Professor Diana E. E. Kleiner Lecture 3 – Technology and Revolution in Roman Architecture 1. Title page with course logo. 2. Temple of Portunus, Rome, general view. Image Credit: Diana E. E. Kleiner. 3. Text. 4. La Montagnola Tomb, Quinto Fiorentino, interior with stone dome. Reproduced from The Etruscans by Maya Sprenger (1977), pl. 45. Pantheon, Rome, dome. Image Credit: Diana E. E. Kleiner. 5. Temple of Vesta, Tivoli, detail of cella and columns. Image Credit: Diana E. E. Kleiner. Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina, detail of annular vault. Image Credit: Diana E. E. Kleiner. 6. Horrea Epagathiana, Ostia, detail of entrance. Image Credit: Diana E. E. Kleiner. 7. Porticus Aemilia, Rome, site plan. Reproduced from Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Rome II by Ernest Nash (1962), fig. 985. Porticus Aemilia, Rome, plan on Forma Urbis. Reproduced from The Architecture of the Roman Empire I by William L. MacDonald (1965), fig. 2a. Porticus Aemilia, Rome, remains. Reproduced from Etruscan and Early Roman Architecture by Axel Boëthius (1978), fig. 137. 8. Porticus Aemilia, Rome, model. Reproduced from The Architecture of the Roman Empire I by William L. MacDonald (1965), fig. 1a. Porticus Aemilia, Rome, detail of model. Reproduced from The Architecture of the Roman Empire I by William L. MacDonald (1965), fig. 1b. Barrel vault, diagram. Reproduced from The Architecture of the Roman Empire I by William L. MacDonald (1965), p. 16. 9. Porticus Aemilia, Rome, cross-section of vaulting. Reproduced from The Architecture of the Roman Empire I by William L. MacDonald (1965), fig. 2b. 10. Porticus Aemilia, Rome, restored view. -
Intro to the Dark and Middle Ages Effects of the Fall of Rome
Intro to the Dark and Middle Ages Effects of the Fall of Rome Germanic tribes took over Roman lands. Hundreds of little kingdoms took the place of the Western Roman Empire in Europe. Initially, there was no system for collecting taxes. Kingdoms were always at war with one another. People lost interest in learning. Warfare increased. Trade decreased. The “Dark Ages” began. The “Dark Ages” Historians call the period following the fall of Rome the “Dark Ages.” Formally, this period is known as the beginning of the Middle Ages. It was a time of increased warfare, decreased trade, and a decline in learning. Disruption of Trade Merchants’ businesses were destroyed by barbarians Unsafe to trade No Trade = No Cultural Diffusion Downfall of Cities People retreat to countryside to evade invaders Lack of central government administration More people live in rural areas than urban centers Decline of Learning Germanic tribes were illiterate and had no written language Illiteracy + Lack of Written Language = NO VALUE ON EDUCATION Loss of Common Language Germanic invaders did not speak Latin Various dialects form from mixing Latin and Germanic languages By the 800s, French and Spanish had evolved No Common Language = NO UNITY Germanic-style Government Allegiance to family tribes as opposed to a state No central authority; lack of an emperor No loyalty to a king; no “Hail Caesar” The Rise of Europe The Early Middle Ages During the early Middle Ages, Europe was a relatively backward region cut off from the advanced civilizations of Byzantium, the Middle East, China and India. Between 700 and 1000, Europe was battered by invaders. -
Clst 334R: Introduction to Classical Archaeology in Rome and Italy
Loyola University Chicago John Felice Rome Center ClSt 334R: Introduction to Classical Archaeology in Rome and Italy Tuesdays 9:00 AM—12:00 PM JFRC + ON-SITE Instructor: Albert Prieto, M.Litt, PhD (Classics, History, Archaeology), [email protected] Office hours (faculty office): Tuesdays/Thursdays 3:00-3:30 and by appointment Introduction and Course Description What field allows you to study artifacts made by people 2000 years ago, read timeless literature, uncover and study ancient ruins in the open air while developing muscle tone and a tan, discover what ancient people ate and what diseases they had, reconstruct ancient religious beliefs, employ advanced digital technology to “see” what’s under the ground without digging, use a VR headset to immerse yourself in a reconstructed ancient setting, fly a drone, and ponder the Earth’s surface from the air or space? The answer is classical, or Greco-Roman, archaeology. This course introduces you to the surprisingly wide, often weird, and occasionally whimsical world of archaeology in Rome and Italy. We will start at the very beginning of the archaeological process, learning who the Romans were, how their society evolved historically, what kinds of tangible and intangible cultural assets they created, what happened to those assets after the inevitable collapse of the Roman Empire, and how centuries later people began the slow and steady process of reconstructing an accurate picture of a “lost” civilization from the many types of evidence left behind. Mention “archaeology,” and the first thing that invariably comes to mind is excavation: indeed, we will learn what modern archaeological excavation is (as opposed to digging for treasure) and what kinds of information it can retrieve for us. -
Bsr Summer School 2-15(
1 BSR SUMMER SCHOOL 4-16 SEPTEMBER 2013 PROGRAMME Wednesday 4th September 16.15 Tea in courtyard; building & library tour 18.30 Introductory lecture (Robert Coates-Stephens) 19.30 Drinks 20.00 Dinner (as every day except Saturdays) Thursday 5th September THE TIBER Leave 8.30 Forum Boarium: Temples of Hercules & Portunus / 10.00 Area Sacra di S. Omobono [PERMIT] / ‘Arch of Janus’ / Arch of the Argentarii / S. Maria in Cosmedin & crypt (Ara Maxima of Hercules?) / Tiber Island / ‘Porticus Aemilia’ / 15.00 Monte Testaccio [PERMIT] 18.30 Seminar, in the BSR Library: “Approaches to Roman topography” (RCS) Friday 6th September FEEDING ROME: OSTIA Coach leaves 8.40 Ostia Antica, including 12.00 House of Diana [PERMIT] 18.30 Lecture: “The Triumph” (Ed Bispham) Saturday 7th September THE TRIUMPH OF THE REPUBLIC Leave 8.30 Pantheon / Area Sacra of Largo Argentina / Theatre of Pompey / Porticus of Octavia / Temples of Apollo Sosianus & Bellona / Theatre of Marcellus / 12.00 Three Temples of Forum Holitorium [PERMIT] / Circus Maximus / Meta Sudans / Arch of Constantine / Via Sacra: Arches of Titus, Augustus and Septimius Severus / 15.00 Mamertine prison [PERMIT] 18.30 Lecture: “The Fora” (Ed Bispham) Sunday 8th September FORUM ROMANUM & IMPERIAL FORA Leave 8.30 9.30 Forum Romanum: Introduction, central area [PERMIT] / Comitium, Atrium Vestae, Temples of Concord, Vespasian, Saturn, Castor, Divus Julius, Antoninus and Faustina, Basilicas Aemilia and Julia / Capitoline Museums & Tabularium / 14.00 Imperial Fora: Museo dei Fori Imperiali & Markets of