Classifying Video Game Translation Studies from Transtextuality Perspectives
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Translation As a Critical Practice: Using Retranslation When Teaching
Quaderns. Revista de Traducció 21, 2014 199-209 Translation as a Critical Practice : Using Retranslation when Teaching Translation Jonathan Evans University of Portsmouth School of Languages and Area Studies Park Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, PO1 2DZ, UK. [email protected] Abstract This article addresses the question of how to relate translation theory to translation practice when teaching translation. Retranslation is viewed as a critical practice (kydd 2011) that inte- grates critical engagement with existing translations and theory into practice. This critical reflexion is part of translation competence, both in Pym’s (2003) minimalist formulation and the European Master’s in Translation guidelines. Retranslation can therefore be seen to help students achieve the sort of critical awareness that is part and parcel of translation competence. A series of practical learning activities are suggested that use retranslation. These range from analyses of retranslation of the same text to commented retranslations that ask the students to explain their own process. Each of these offers ways of going beyond textual criticism to engage with wider theoretical concerns. Keywords: retranslation; translation pedagogy; reflexive practice; translation competence; commentary writing. Resum. Traduir com a pràctica crítica: la retraducció en l’ensenyament de la traducció Aquest article prova d’exposar com es pot incloure la teoria de la traducció en l’ensenyament pràctic a les aules, i considera que traduir un text ja versionat és un exercici que integra una lec- tura crítica tant del trasllat com de la teoria traductològica. Com que, tant en la formulació mini- malista de Pym (2003), com en les directrius dels màsters europeus en traducció, aquesta consciència crítica és part de la competència traductora, retraduir es pot considerar una manera d’ajudar els estudiants a aconseguir-la. -
A Review of the History of Translation Studies
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 77-85, January 2012 © 2012 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.2.1.77-85 A Review of the History of Translation Studies Ali Reza Ghanooni Romance and Germanic Philology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia Email: [email protected] Abstract—This paper aims at a general review of the history of translation studies and the prevalent approaches from antiquity to the present in the west, in the form of a historical survey in which key theoretical developments are taken into account, focusing on approaches that have been developed during the twentieth century. Without a doubt, It is James Holme's seminal paper "the name and nature of translation studies" that draws up a disciplinary map for translation studies and serves as a springboard for researchers with its binary division of Translation Studies into two branches: "pure" and "applied." Its growth as a discipline goes back to the 1980s. As time elapses, translation studies, by achieving a certain institutional authority and coalescing with many a resurging disciplines and trends as cultural studies, linguistics, literary theory and criticism, brings a renewed aspect to translation theory. Index Terms—history, approaches, trends, theories I. INTRODUCTION Behind the field of translation lies the names and theories emerging at diverse periods. There are changes taking place in the history of translation; however, such changes differ from one place into another. For example, those flourishments in the western world are far removed from the eastern part. Two of the pioneers of the field are Horace and Cicero (first century B.C) whose discussions of translation practice pertains to word-for-word and sense-for-sense translation. -
Examining Deaf Students' Language Ideologies Through English-To-ASL
Languages, Literacies, and Translations: Examining Deaf Students’ Language Ideologies through English-to-ASL Translations of Literature by Ruth Anna Spooner A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (English and Education) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Professor Anne Leslie Curzan, Chair Professor John Anthony Albertini, National Technical Institute for the Deaf Professor Anne Ruggles Gere Professor Elizabeth Birr Moje © Ruth Anna Spooner 2016 Acknowledgements First of all, I must thank my brilliant and wonderfully supportive committee— particularly Anne Curzan and Anne Ruggles Gere, who were also the co-chairs of my program—who invested hours upon hours teaching me, reading my work, asking questions, talking through ideas, offering feedback, and challenging me to grow as a teacher-scholar. I am especially indebted to Anne Curzan, who in her capacity as committee chair, patiently and intrepidly mucked through all of the drafts for each chapter of this dissertation (including the earliest, messiest ones), always making the time to offer thorough, thoughtful feedback. Your encouragement and guidance has helped to shape this project into what it has become; I could not have done it without you. Also, the ongoing conversations that I have had over the past five years with Anne Curzan and Anne Gere about my research work, about composition and literacy, about all things teaching, and about what it means to be a teacher and a scholar—I cannot describe how valuable your guidance and wisdom have been for me. Thank you. Elizabeth Moje, you were one of the first professors I worked with here at Michigan, and right from the start, you were exuberantly enthusiastic about my ideas and my work, and I am deeply grateful for your unfailing encouragement and your willingness to make space for me in your schedule even as you took on the time- consuming responsibilities of being an Assistant Dean (and later Dean) of the School of Education. -
Implications and Explications of Police Translation of Complainants' Sworn
IMPLICATIONS AND EXPLICATIONS OF POLICE TRANSLATION OF COMPLAINANTS’ SWORN STATEMENTS: EVIDENCE LOST IN TRANSLATION? BY MONWABISI KNOWLEDGE RALARALA BA Hons, HDE (Arts) (UWC); PGD ALS (Ed) (UCT); MA, DLitt (Stell) Dissertation submitted in accordance with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD): Publishable articles, in the Faculty of Humanities, for the Department of Linguistics and Language Practice, at the University of the Free State. Date of submission: 01 July 2015 Promoter :Professor Kobus Marais Co-Promoter: Professor Russell Kaschula ii DECLARATION “I declare that the dissertation hereby submitted by Monwabisi Knowledge Ralarala for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD): Publishable articles at the University of the Free State is my own independent work and has not previously been submitted by me at another University/Faculty. I furthermore cede copyright of the thesis in favour of the University of the Free State.” Date: 01 July 2015 Copyright © (YEAR) University of the Free State All rights reserved iii ABSTRACT This interdisciplinary case study demonstrates that ‘retelling and rewriting’ of complainants’ legal narratives constitutes translation. The police officers’ (hereafter referred to as transpreters) exercise of translating such narratives from isiXhosa (ST) into English (TT) is quite essential in the administration of justice in a multilingual and multicultural environment such as South Africa, and specifically in the South African Police Service. The challenge (amongst others) in the current system is that traspreters are neither accredited nor posses the necessary credentials to perform this fundamental role and function. The key objectives of this study were investigated by means of scientific papers – both publishable and published as book chapters as well as journal articles in both international and accredited journals. -
A Utopian Journey in Turkish: from Non-Translation to Retranslation Ceyda Elgül Boğaziçi University 2011
A UTOPIAN JOURNEY IN TURKISH: FROM NON-TRANSLATION TO RETRANSLATION CEYDA ELGÜL BOĞAZİÇİ UNIVERSITY 2011 A UTOPIAN JOURNEY IN TURKISH: FROM NON-TRANSLATION TO RETRANSLATION Thesis submitted to the Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Translation by Ceyda Elgül Boğaziçi University 2011 Thesis Abstract Ceyda Elgül, “A Utopian Journey in Turkish: From Non-Translation to Retranslation” This study explores the role of translation in the evolution of new contexts for foreign works. It classifies non-translation, initial translation and retranslation as the three existential forms in which translation appears and proposes that each of these forms attributes the foreign work a different translational context. Benefiting from the favorable grounds provided by the journey of Thomas More’s Utopia in the Turkish literary system, this diachronic study embraces the pre- and post-translation periods synchronously with the period in which the translation first appeared.The study firstly investigates Utopia in the Turkish literary system as a work that appeared in the form of non-translation in the period between the Tanzimat and 1964 and questions what type of a culture repertoire this non-translation contributed to. Then, it focuses on the initial translation and seeks a position for this first translation in the context of the 1960s, referring to the social dynamics of the period in which the translation first appeared after a long phase of resistance. Here, the study touches on the agency factor and explores the historical significance of the first translation in relation to the external factors that concern the agents of the translation. -
Descriptive Translation Studies and the Cultural Turn
Descriptive Translation Studies and the Cultural Turn Dominic Castello Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics Module 5 Assignment November 2014 ELAL College of Arts & Law University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom ITS/14/04 Discuss the changes undergone by Descriptive Translation Studies as a result of the influence of Cultural Studies in the late 1980s and early 1990s. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Translation before the cultural turn 3 2.1 Descriptive Translation Studies 4 2.2 The descriptive approach 4 3.0 Culture and translation 5 3.1 External influences on translation 5 3.2 Defining the cultural turn 6 4.0 New theories: translation as rewriting 7 4.1 The politics of translation: patronage and poetics 7 4.2 Post-colonial studies: a definition 9 4.2.1 The position of the translator in post-colonial studies 9 5.0 The contemporary landscape of translation 10 6.0 Conclusion 11 7.0 References 13 2 1.0 Introduction The study of translation has, for much of its history, been perceived as a subordinate art whose remit existed outside the scholarly domains of linguistics (Fozooni 2006). The narrow band of concerns that formed the conventional focus in the study of translation behaviour has typically related almost exclusively to the authenticity of a given translation – evaluations of faithfulness and of whether translations were ‘definitive’ (Bassnett and Lefevere 1990; Xie 2009; Dinçel 2012). However, the past three decades or so have seen a broadening of scope in translation research that has extended it well outside of its traditional realm. -
Domestication and Foreignization: an Analysis of Culture-Specific Items in Official and Non-Official Subtitles of the Tv Series Heroes1
DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CULTURE-SPECIFIC ITEMS IN OFFICIAL AND NON-OFFICIAL SUBTITLES OF THE TV SERIES HEROES1 Rafael Matielo Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/CNPq [email protected] Elaine B. Espindola Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina [email protected] Abstract: This study is inserted within the Audiovisual Translation (AVT) area and it takes up where Espindola (2005) left off. The present study draws on the analysis of the same translational product from two different perspectives: Official Subtitles (OS), rendered by Drei Marc Company in Brazil, and Non-Official Subtitles (NS), rendered by the Internet group 9th Wonders. This study analyzes the Culture-Specific Items (CSIs) and the treatment given to them in the light of the concepts of Domestication and Foreignization. The analyzed episode presented a total of 42 CSIs that were identified and categorized. The OS presented 33 foreignized items, 07 domesticated items, and 02 omissions, whereas the NS presented 32 foreignized items, 08 domesticated items, and 02 omissions. During the translational process for the subtitles of Heroes, the subtitler was faced with cultural diversity and had to deal with it. The few moments when domestication was used, the strategy used was that of adjustment, diminishing the strangeness towards the cultural elements. When the opposite occurred, the implication was that, by foreignizing, a feeling of strangeness or foreignness might have been created, possibly impacting the processing or acceptance towards these elements. 72 Rafael Matielo & Elaine B. Espindola Keywords: translation studies, subtitling, culture-specific items, domestication, foreignization. Resumo: O presente estudo se insere no campo de Tradução Audiovi- sual (TAV) e parte do estudo de Espindola (2005). -
Reading Nico Nico Douga with Gerard Genette
Götz Bachmann, Metadata Project, Goldsmiths College, 4.8.08 Series: Nico Nico Douga Texts1, Nr 11 Reading Nico Nico Douga with Gerard Genette Inspired by the discussions with Takashiro-san, Hamano-san and Yoshikawa-san, I think it might be just about time to start and come forward with some of my own initial ideas, how an analysis of Nico Nico Douga could be pushed forward. What follows is of course radically preliminary, not only because I still know far too little about Nico Nico Douga, but also because it is only the very beginning of a theoretical analysis. One way into the analysis could be through the work of the French structuralist and literary theorist Gerard Genette, who wrote in the late 70ties and 80ties extensively about the relations that connect texts to other texts. Genette’s term for the multiplicity of the relations between texts is “transtextuality”, and you can read more about it in his works “Introduction a l’Architexte” (1979), “Palimpseste. La Litterature au second degree” (1982), and “Seuils” (1987) – the latter two are translated into German, and the last one, as “Paratexts” (1997), also into English. Genette develops in my opinion in these works a precise alternative to the more known ideas of Julia Kristeva on this topic. Attention: He uses his terms slightly different to her. 1 In this series of short and preliminary (!!) texts we publish first results of the Metadata Project’s ethnographic research on Nico Nico Douga. You can find more on http://www.goldsmiths.ac.uk/media-research-centre/project2.php and on our research blog: http://d.hatena.ne.jp/metagold/. -
Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications
Introducing Translation Studies Introducing Translation Studies remains the definitive guide to the theories and concepts that make up the field of translation studies. Providing an accessible and up-to-date overview, it has long been the essential textbook on courses worldwide. This fourth edition has been fully revised and continues to provide a balanced and detailed guide to the theoretical landscape. Each theory is applied to a wide range of languages, including Bengali, Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Punjabi, Portuguese and Spanish. A broad spectrum of texts is analysed, including the Bible, Buddhist sutras, Beowulf, the fiction of García Márquez and Proust, European Union and UNESCO documents, a range of contemporary films, a travel brochure, a children’s cookery book and the translations of Harry Potter. Each chapter comprises an introduction outlining the translation theory or theories, illustrative texts with translations, case studies, a chapter summary and discussion points and exercises. New features in this fourth edition include: Q new material to keep up with developments in research and practice, including the sociology of translation, multilingual cities, translation in the digital age and specialized, audiovisual and machine translation Q revised discussion points and updated figures and tables Q new, in-chapter activities with links to online materials and articles to encourage independent research Q an extensive updated companion website with video introductions and journal articles to accompany each chapter, online exercises, an interactive timeline, weblinks, and PowerPoint slides for teacher support This is a practical, user-friendly textbook ideal for students and researchers on courses in Translation and Translation Studies. -
The Retranslation Phenomenon
The Retranslation Phenomenon A Sociological Approach to the English Translations of Dickens’ Great Expectations into Arabic Shatha Abdullah Abdulrahman Al-Shaye Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD Centre for Translation Studies (CenTraS) University College London July 2018 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Contents Contents ......................................................................................................................... i Figures .......................................................................................................................... ix Tables ............................................................................................................................ xi Abstract and keywords ............................................................................................. xiii Declaration ................................................................................................................. xvi Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. xviii Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. xx 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... -
Found in Translation: Evolving Approaches for the Localization of Japanese Video Games
arts Article Found in Translation: Evolving Approaches for the Localization of Japanese Video Games Carme Mangiron Department of Translation, Interpreting and East Asian Studies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] Abstract: Japanese video games have entertained players around the world and played an important role in the video game industry since its origins. In order to export Japanese games overseas, they need to be localized, i.e., they need to be technically, linguistically, and culturally adapted for the territories where they will be sold. This article hopes to shed light onto the current localization practices for Japanese games, their reception in North America, and how users’ feedback can con- tribute to fine-tuning localization strategies. After briefly defining what game localization entails, an overview of the localization practices followed by Japanese developers and publishers is provided. Next, the paper presents three brief case studies of the strategies applied to the localization into English of three renowned Japanese video game sagas set in Japan: Persona (1996–present), Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney (2005–present), and Yakuza (2005–present). The objective of the paper is to analyze how localization practices for these series have evolved over time by looking at industry perspectives on localization, as well as the target market expectations, in order to examine how the dialogue between industry and consumers occurs. Special attention is given to how players’ feedback impacted on localization practices. A descriptive, participant-oriented, and documentary approach was used to collect information from specialized websites, blogs, and forums regarding localization strategies and the reception of the localized English versions. -
The Application of Functional Theory in Advertisement Translation
Sino-US English Teaching, January 2021, Vol. 18, No. 1, 13-16 doi:10.17265/1539-8072/2021.01.003 D DAVID PUBLISHING The Application of Functional Theory in Advertisement Translation TAN Huining Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China Functional theory provides a theoretical basis for applied translation. In order to realize the inductive function of advertisement translation, this paper, based on the differences between Chinese and English advertisement texts in terms of genre conventions, puts forward some methods of advertisement translation from the perspective of function in view of cultural exclusive items and cultural default. As for the different genre conventions between English and Chinese advertisements and the phenomenon of cultural specific and cultural default, the author suggests strategies from the functionalist approach. Keywords: appellative function, genre convention, translation of advertisements The functionalist translation theory holds that the reference frame of the translator in the whole process of translation should not be the original text and its functions, but one or more communicative functions expected to be achieved by the target language in the cultural environment of the target language, and various translation strategies should be flexibly adopted according to the norms of the target language culture. Therefore, due to the objective language and cultural barriers, translation cannot be carried out smoothly (Zhang & Wang, 2005, p. 106). Skopos rule means that translation behavior depends on the purpose of translation, and the result determines the method. Because the occurrence of any behavior has a certain cultural background and different cultures have different customs and values, translation is not a one-to-one language conversion activity.