2019-2021 Bristol Bay Commercial Salmon, Herring, Subsistence And
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Bristol Bay, Alaska
EPA 910-R-14-001C | January 2014 An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska Volume 3 – Appendices E-J Region 10, Seattle, WA www.epa.gov/bristolbay EPA 910-R-14-001C January 2014 AN ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL MINING IMPACTS ON SALMON ECOSYSTEMS OF BRISTOL BAY, ALASKA VOLUME 3—APPENDICES E-J U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 Seattle, WA CONTENTS VOLUME 1 An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska VOLUME 2 APPENDIX A: Fishery Resources of the Bristol Bay Region APPENDIX B: Non-Salmon Freshwater Fishes of the Nushagak and Kvichak River Drainages APPENDIX C: Wildlife Resources of the Nushagak and Kvichak River Watersheds, Alaska APPENDIX D: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Characterization of the Indigenous Cultures of the Nushagak and Kvichak Watersheds, Alaska VOLUME 3 APPENDIX E: Bristol Bay Wild Salmon Ecosystem: Baseline Levels of Economic Activity and Values APPENDIX F: Biological Characterization: Bristol Bay Marine Estuarine Processes, Fish, and Marine Mammal Assemblages APPENDIX G: Foreseeable Environmental Impact of Potential Road and Pipeline Development on Water Quality and Freshwater Fishery Resources of Bristol Bay, Alaska APPENDIX H: Geologic and Environmental Characteristics of Porphyry Copper Deposits with Emphasis on Potential Future Development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska APPENDIX I: Conventional Water Quality Mitigation Practices for Mine Design, Construction, Operation, and Closure APPENDIX J: Compensatory Mitigation and Large-Scale Hardrock Mining in the Bristol Bay Watershed AN ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL MINING IMPACTS ON SALMON ECOSYSTEMS OF BRISTOL BAY, ALASKA VOLUME 3—APPENDICES E-J Appendix E: Bristol Bay Wild Salmon Ecosystem: Baseline Levels of Economic Activity and Values Bristol Bay Wild Salmon Ecosystem Baseline Levels of Economic Activity and Values John Duffield Chris Neher David Patterson Bioeconomics, Inc. -
Prehistoric Aleut Influence at Port Moller
12 'i1 Pribilof lis. "' Resale for so 100 150 200 ·o oO Miles .,• t? 0 Not Fig. 1. Map of the Alaska Peninsula and Adjacent Areas. The dotted line across the Peninsula represents the Aleut boundary as determined by Petroff. Some of the important archaeological sites are marked as follows: 1) Port Moller, 2) Amaknak Island-Unalaska Bay, 3) Fortress or Split Rock, 4) Chaluka, 5) Chirikof Island, 6) Uyak, 7) Kaflia, 8) Pavik-Naknek Drainage, 9) Togiak, 10) Chagvan Bay, 11) Platinum, 12) Hooper Bay. PREHISTORIC ALEUT INFLUENCES AT PORT MOLLER, ALASKA 1 by Allen P. McCartney Univ. of Wisconsin Introduction Recent mention has been made of the Aleut influences at the large prehistoric site at Port Moller, the only locality known archaeologically on the southwestern half of the Alaska Penin sula. Workman ( 1966a: 145) offers the following summary of the Port Moller cultural affinities: Although available published material from the Aleutians is scarce and the easternmost Aleutians in particular have been sadly neglected, it is my opinion that the strongest affinitiesResale of the Port Moller material lie in this direction. The prevalence of extended burial and burial association with ocher at Port Moller corresponds most closely with the burial practices at the Chaluka site on Umnak Island. Several of the more diagnostic projectile points have Aleutian affinities as do the tanged knives and, possibly,for the side-notched projectile point. Strong points of correspondence, particularly in the burial practices and the stone technology, lead me to believe that a definite Aleut component is represented at the site. Data currently available will not allow any definitive statement as to whether or not there are other components represented at the site as well. -
COMPARISON of the PEBBLE MINE with OTHER ALASKA LARGE HARD ROCK MINES
COMPARISON of the PEBBLE MINE with OTHER ALASKA LARGE HARD ROCK MINES Stuart Levit and David Chambers Center for Science in Public Participation February, 2012 Summary If permitted, the Pebble mine will be North America’s, and one of the world’s largest mines. It has been suggested that in spite of its size the Pebble mine is comparable to other Alaska mining projects. The amount of ore mined and the area that would be disturbed by development at the Pebble mine is on a scale entirely of its own in Alaska, and even enormous on a global scale. Size alone does not determine impacts, but based on other factors such as acid producing potential, easy movement of water away from the mine, a world class fishery, wet climate regime, etc., the mine’s potential impacts could be significant and irreparable. Several of Alaska’s large mines have potentially acid producing ore, but none are truly comparable with the size of the proposed Pebble mine. The Pebble Mine is unique compared to Alaska’s other large, hard rock mines when looking at characteristics such as size, geochemistry, geomorphology, fisheries, and hydrology. When viewed through the aggregate of these factors, the Pebble mine is distinctly different from any other present or past hard rock mine in Alaska. More important is Pebble’s massive potential to impact the pristine lands with industrial development. The Bristol Bay watershed is unique in Alaska because it comprises Alaska’s, and one of the world’s, greatest salmon fisheries. It supports cultural, subsistence, commercial, recreational, economic, and environmental values that are unparalleled. -
Petition to List the Iliamna Lake Seal, a Distinct Population Segment of Eastern North Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina Richardii), Under the U.S
Before the Secretary of Commerce Petition to List the Iliamna Lake Seal, a Distinct Population Segment of Eastern North Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardii), under the U.S. Endangered Species Act Photo Credit: NOAA Fisheries/Dave Withrow Center for Biological Diversity 6 February 2020 i Notice of Petition Wilbur Ross, Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Dr. Neil Jacobs, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Petitioner: Kristin Carden, Oceans Program Scientist, on behalf of the Center for Biological Diversity 1212 Broadway #800 Oakland, CA 94612 Phone: 510.844.7100 x327 Email: [email protected] On November 19, 2012, the Center for Biological Diversity (Center, Petitioner) submitted to the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) a petition to list the Iliamna Lake population of eastern North Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). (See generally Center 2012.) On May 17, 2013, NMFS issued a positive 90- day finding “that the petition present[ed] substantial scientific or commercial information indicating that the petition action may be warranted” and initiated a status review. (78 Fed. Reg. 29,098 (May 17, 2013).). On November 17, 2016, NMFS issued a determination that listing was not warranted because “the seals in Iliamna Lake do not constitute a species, subspecies, or distinct population segment (DPS) under the ESA.” (81 Fed. -
Proposal 78 – 5 Aac 01.320
PROPOSAL 78 – 5 AAC 01.320. Lawful gear and gear specifications. Change the boundaries, methods of harvest, and seasons for subsistence harvests of sockeye salmon in the Naknek River drainage, as follows: 5 AAC 01.320 is amended to read: From August 30 through DECEMBER 31 by spear, dipnet, gillnet, AND BEACH SEINE. Along a 100 yard length of shoreline near the outlet of Naknek River as marked by ADF&G regulatory markers; at Johnny’s Lake on the Northwestern side of Naknek Lake; at the outlet of Idavians Creek on the North side of Naknek Lake; at the mouth of Brooks River from September 18 through December 31. What is the issue you would like the board to address and why? Allow for beach seining to release non-targeted finfish species. Idavians Creek is a traditional location used by local residents. (At the mouth of Brooks River by spear, dipnet, gillnet, and beach seine from September 18 through December 31.) Separate season for Brooks River. Extend season to Dec 31 for said descriptions and include beach seine as additional method to harvest spawned out sockeye. The proposed seasons and methods will be in line with traditionally practiced subsistence practices of local residents. The 2014 forecast for Bristol Bay sockeye for the Naknek River portion is estimated to be 3.35 million and escapement at 1.10 million into the Naknek River drainage. Forecast for harvest is estimated at 2.25 million. The Naknek River portion estimate does not account for the South Peninsula. Spawned out sockeye have traditionally been harvested for personal (subsistence) use by the Katmai descendants. -
Walrus Hunting at Togiak, Bristol Bay, Soutwest Alaska
WALRUS HUNTING AT TOGIAK, BRISTOL BAY, SOUTHWEST ALASKA James A. Fall, Molly Chythlook, Janet Schichnes, and Rick Sinnott’ Technical Paper No. 212 ’ Fall: Division of Subsistence, Anchorage Chythlook and Schichnes: Division of Subsistence, Dillingham Sinnott: Division of Wildlife Conservation, Anchorage Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Juneau, Alaska October 1991 The Alaska Department of Fish and Game operates all of its public programs and activities free from discrimination on the basis of race, religion, color, national origin, age, sex, or handicap. Because the department receives federal funding, any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against should write to: O.E.D. U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 , ABSTRACT The report provides an overview of historic and contemporary uses of Pacific walrus in the Bristol Bay region of southwest Alaska. It focuses on the community of Togiak (population 613) and its traditional use areas, including Round Island (Yup’ik Qayaciq, “place to go in a kayak”). As part of the Walrus Islands State Game Sanctuary, Round Island, a critical haul out site, has been closed to walrus hunting since 1960. In 1991, the Togiak Traditional Council submitted a proposal to the Alaska Board of Game to allow a limited hunt for 10 walrus on Round Island in October. Hunting of walrus and other marine mammals in western Bristol Bay, including Round Island, by the Native people of the Togiak area over the last 2,500 years is documented by archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence. Until the late 1930s and early 1940% well-organized groups of hunters from Togiak traveled in kayaks to Round Island (the most reliable hunting location) and other islands armed with spears and harpoons to harvest walrus. -
Regional Subsistence Bibliography Volume V Western & Southwestern
REGIONAL SUBSISTENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Volume V Western & Southwestern Alaska Number I BY David B. Andersen and Jan H. Overturf Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Technical Paper No. 111 Juneau. Alaska 1986 CONTENTS Acknowledgements ............................................ .v Introduction ............................................... ..vi i . Abbreviations .............................................. ..Xl x Bibliographic citations .................................... ..l Keyword Index ................................................ 169 Author Index ................................................ 199 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have contributed time and reference material to help produce this publication. Reference collection work done in 1983 was was greatly assisted by Elizabeth Andrews, Steve Rehnke, John Wright, and Dr. Robert Wolfe who made their own collections of regional references available and offered useful suggestions regarding organiza- tion of the bibliography and additional sources. References collected in 1983 sat for over two years awaiting further work and funding, and. for a time it appeared that they would never make it into print. We have Jim Fall to thank for spearheading efforts to resurrect the project in 1986, offering suggestions for updating the collection with new material, reviewing citations and introductory text, and providing the funds for printing. Others contributing additional reference material to the updated collection include Elizaheth Andrews. Susan Georgette, Judy Morris. and Janet Schichnes. Thanks also to Dan Foster, who expertly prepared the maps appearing in the introduction. to Kathy Arndt, who painstakingly edited an early rough draft of the hihliography. and to Margie Yadlosky, who efficiently handled data entry and editing tasks on the data file. Cover artwork was the creation of Tim Sczawinski. Finally. special thanks go to Louis Brown for his programming wizardry which created the microcomputer version of the data base and the indexing routines. -
ORPC Rivgen Wake Characterization
ORPC RivGen Wake Characterization Maricarmen Guerra Paris* Jim Thomson University of Washington University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA Seattle, WA, USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] in turbulence due to eddies shed by turbine blades; and iii) complex interactions between natural and turbine ABSTRACT induced turbulent structures [6]. In this investigation we assess the wake formed behind Baseline and post-deployment flow conditions were mea- a horizontal cross-flow turbine installed on the Kvichak sured at the ORPC RivGen turbine site on the Kvichak river in southwest Alaska, USA, just downstream of the river in the vicinity of Igiugig village, Alaska. Mean sur- village of Igiugig. The small village is home to 70 peo- face flow and turbulence measurements were collected ple and its electricity source currently depends on an from a drifting platform equipped with a Nortek Signa- isolated power grid fed by diesel generators. The Ocean ture 1000Hz five beam AD2CP. Baseline measurements Renewable Power Company (ORPC) has set a pilot hy- indicate a maximum flow of 2.5 m/s and a 10% turbu- drokinetic energy project on the Kvichak river stream to lent intensity in the turbine vicinity. Measurements af- provide Igiugig with a renewable and locally produced ter turbine deployment and grid connection show a sig- source of energy. nificant decrease in surface velocity up to 200 m down- ORPCs RivGen turbine was successfully deployed, stream from the turbine and an increase in turbulence tested and connected to the local power grid during intensity up to 20% that extends about 75 m down- the summers of 2014 and 2015. -
Fish Surveys in Headwater Streams of the Nushagak and Kvichak River Drainages Bristol Bay, Alaska, 2008 - 2010
FISH SURVEYS IN HEADWATER STREAMS OF THE NUSHAGAK AND KVICHAK RIVER DRAINAGES BRISTOL BAY, ALASKA, 2008 - 2010 December, 2010 ©Bridget Besaw/TNC Prepared for by Dr. Carol Ann Woody & Sarah Louise O’Neal Fisheries Research and Consulting Anchorage, Alaska PREFACE The Nature Conservancy is an international not-for profit organization with a mission to preserve the biodiversity of the earth. Several years ago the Conservancy refocused programs to advancing local conservation efforts that contribute most to protecting globally significant strongholds of biodiversity. The Alaska Chapter determined that the loss of wild Pacific salmon productivity in Alaska would have a global impact because wild salmon have been severely compromised in other parts of the world. A focus on wild salmon in Alaska inevitably leads to Bristol Bay – home to the world’s largest remaining salmon runs. In the late 1990s the Conservancy began developing partnerships with local organizations to protect the long term viability of Bristol Bay’s salmon resource. A partnership with the Curyung Tribe of Dillingham, the Bristol Bay Native Association and the Nushagak- Mulchatna Watershed Council led to the development and the publication in 2007 of The Nushagak River Watershed Traditional Use Area Conservation Plan. During the time the Conservancy was working with this partnership, the discovery of a large copper and gold ore body on state lands in the watersheds of the Nushagak and Kvichak Rivers was announced. A flurry of new mining claims followed. The discovery, now known as the Pebble Prospect, is under active exploration and environmental assessment by a consortium of mining interests. The Anadromous Fish Act (AS 16.05.871) is the key State of Alaska statutory protection for freshwater habitats of fish in Alaska. -
Surface Water Quality in the Nushagak, Kvichak, and Chulitna Watersheds, Southwest Alaska 2009-2010
Investigations of Surface Water Quality in the Nushagak, Kvichak, and Chulitna Watersheds, Southwest Alaska 2009-2010 Kendra L. Zamzow, Ph.D. Center for Science in Public Participation PO Box 54 Sutton, Alaska 99674 July 2011 for The Nature Conservancy 715 L Street Suite 100 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Investigations of Surface Water Quality in the Nushagak, Kvichak, and Chulitna Watersheds, Southwest Alaska 2009-2010 Prepared for: The Nature Conservancy 715 L Street Suite 100 Anchorage, AK 99501 Prepared by: Kendra L. Zamzow, Ph.D. Center for Science in Public Participation PO Box 54 Sutton, AK 99674 with editorial review by: Ann Maest, Ph.D. Stratus Consulting 1881 Ninth St., Ste. 201 Boulder, CO 80302 and Molly Welker Bristol Environmental Remediation Services, LLC 111 W. 16th Avenue, Third Floor Anchorage, AK 99501 July 2011 Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................1 1.0 Introduction .....................................................................................................................1 2.0 Study Area and Sampling Locations ...............................................................................3 3.0 Methods, Data Availability, and Relevant Standards .....................................................7 3.1 Methods .......................................................................................................................7 3.2 Available Data .............................................................................................................7 -
The Use of Fish and Wildlife Resources by Residents of the Bristol Bay Borough, Alaska
THE USE OF FISH AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES BY RESIDENTS OF THE BRISTOL BAY BOROUGH, ALASKA BY Judith M. Morris Technical Paper Number 123 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence December 1985 ABSTRACT This report describes contemporary harvest and use patterns of wild fish and game resources of Bristol Bay Borough residents. Located on the Alaska Peninsula, the three borough communities of King Salmon, Naknek, and South Naknek are situated on the banks of the Naknek River. In 1980 the population of the borough was 879, excluding 375 active duty military personnel stationed at the King Salmon Air Force Station. Approximately half of the borough residents were Alaska Natives, most whom consider themselves Aleut. The extent of particpation and level of resource harvest and other socioeconomic data were collected by Division of Subsistence personnel. Data collection was conducted from May 1982 through April 1984. Research methods included participant-observation, mapping, literature review, and two systematic households surveys. Particular attention was focused on the local subsistence salmon fishery. Elements of the fishery, such as targarted species, harvest sites, processing and preservation methods, the composition of work groups and distribution networks were documented. Survey data collected for 1983 showed that sampled borough residents reported a mean per capita harvest of 215 pounds. Caribou and salmon made up 84 percent of the total harvest. It was found that salmon were obtained through harvests with set gill net subsistence gear, sport fishing with rod and reel gear, and fish retained from commercial catches. Many harvesting activities occurred within the Naknek River drainage. -
Climate Change in Port Heiden, Alaska
Climate Change in Port Heiden, Alaska Strategies for Community Health Project Contributors: Erica Lujan - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Community Environment and Health Mike Brubaker - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Community Environment and Health John Warren - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Jaclyn Christensen - Native Village of Port Heiden, Brownfields Program Scott Anderson - Native Village of Port Heiden, Environmental Program Melissa O’Domin - Native Village of Port Heiden, Environmental Program Jeremy Littell - Alaska Climate Adaptation Science Center Richard Buzard - University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Geosciences Jacqueline Overbeck - Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Coastal Hazards Program Davin Holen - Alaska Sea Grant, Adapt Alaska Sue Flensburg - Bristol Bay Native Association, Environmental Program Elizabeth Powers - Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative The writing team would like to thank all of the community and regional contributors to this project. We appreciate your time and support. Port Heiden Contributors: Gerda Kosbruk Scott Anderson Hank Matson Nefuti Orloff Jaclyn Christensen Jimmy Christensen John Christensen Jr. Annie Christensen Tisha Kalmakoff Bruce Bishop Melissa O’Domin Amber Christensen-Fox Delores Anderson © 2018 Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium. Council Members: Gerda Kosbruk - Administrator Paid for with funds from the Bureau of Indian Affairs John Christensen Jr. - President