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Integrated Wetland Assessment Program. Part 9: Field Manual for the Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity for Wetlands V

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Integrated Wetland Assessment Program. Part 9: Field Manual for the Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity for Wetlands V State of Ohio Wetland Ecology Group Environmental Protection Agency Division of Surface Water INTEGRATED WETLAND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Part 9: Field Manual for the Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity for Wetlands v. 1.4 Ohio EPA Technical Report WET/2007-6 Ted Strickland, Governor Chris Korleski, Director State of Ohio Environmental Protection Agency P.O. Box 1049, Lazarus Government Center, 50 W. Town Street, Columbus, Ohio 43216-1049 —————————————————————————————————————— Appropriate Citation: Mack, John J. 2007. Integrated Wetland Assessment Program. Part 9: Field Manual for the Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity for Wetlands v. 1.4. Ohio EPA Technical Report WET/2007-6. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Wetland Ecology Group, Division of Surface Water, Columbus, Ohio. This entire document can be downloaded from the website of the Ohio EPA, Division of Surface Water: http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/wetlands/wetland_bioassess.html TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................iii LIST OF TABLES.................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................. vi ABSTRACT....................................................................... vii INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 1 Background .................................................................. 1 Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity............................................... 1 Releve method for vegetation sampling - background ................................. 2 METHODS - FOCUSED (FIXED) PLOT SAMPLING DESIGN .............................. 2 Sub-samples and super-samples.................................................. 3 Plot orientation............................................................... 3 Selecting plot locations - General considerations..................................... 3 Selecting plot locations - Specific guidelines........................................ 4 Laying out a plot.............................................................. 7 Selecting the intensive modules and locating the nested quadrats ........................ 7 Background information and plant community and HGM class .......................... 7 Sampling period .............................................................. 8 Collecting quantitative vegetation data ............................................. 8 Measuring woody vegetation ................................................... 10 Measuring standing biomass .................................................... 10 Measuring physical attributes of the site ........................................... 10 Preserving voucher specimens and assigning voucher numbers ......................... 11 METHODS - RANDOM PLOT VARIATION ............................................ 13 General description ........................................................... 13 Protocols for selecting random plot locations ....................................... 13 METHODS - DATA REDUCTION, ANALYSIS AND METRIC CALCULATION .............. 14 STEP 1 - 1st data reduction (Field Data Sheet 1) .................................... 15 STEP 2 - 2nd data reduction (Field Data Sheet 1).................................... 15 STEP 3 - 3rd data reduction (Field Data Sheet 1) .................................... 16 STEP 4 - Woody stem data (Field Data Sheet 2) Reduction ........................... 17 STEP 5 - Metric and VIBI score calculation ....................................... 18 Other attributes.............................................................. 18 Additional Data Analysis Considerations when Analyzing Data from Random Plots ........ 18 Wetland Aquatic Life Use and Category .......................................... 19 DATA REPORTING AND SUBMISSION .............................................. 19 HOW TO CALCULATE VIBI METRICS............................................... 20 iii EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES ....................................................... 22 BASIC OHIO BOTANICAL TEXTS................................................... 23 Essential texts ............................................................... 23 Additional texts.............................................................. 24 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ............................................................ 24 LITERATURE CITED .............................................................. 27 APPENDICES..................................................................... 44 APPENDIX A - FIELD DATA SHEETS APPENDIX B - EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS APPENDIX C - SPECIES CODES FOR VIBI METRIC CALCULATION iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Cover and dbh classes and midpoints ............................................ 30 Table 2. Scoring ranges for assigning metric scores for Vegetation IBIs ........................ 31 Table 3. Description of metrics used in the VIBI-E, VIBI-F, VIBI-SH ......................... 32 Table 4. Summary of metrics for Vegetation IBIs ......................................... 34 Table 5. General Wetland Aquatic Life Use Designations................................... 35 Table 6. Special wetland use designations ............................................... 36 Table 7. Wetland Aquatic Life Uses and Regulatory Categories .............................. 37 Table 8A. Hydrogeomorphic classes for Wetland Classification System for Ohio ................ 38 Table 8B. Plant community modifiers for Wetland Classification System for Ohio ............... 39 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Standard 2 x 5 (20m x 50m) plot with ten modules. ................................ 40 Figure 2. Plant presses and homemade plant press dryer. .................................... 41 Figure 3. Professional herbarium cabinet. ................................................ 41 Figure 4. Geospatially referenced 10m x 10m grid at the Chippewa Central Mitigation Bank. ....... 42 Figure 5. Random plot map produced for Area 3 of the Cherry Valley Bank. .................... 43 vi INTEGRATED WETLAND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM. PART 9: FIELD MANUAL FOR THE VEGETATION INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY FOR WETLANDS v. 1.4. John J. Mack ABSTRACT A field manual has been developed documenting sampling, laboratory, and data analysis procedures necessary to calculate the Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity for wetlands (Mack et al. 2000, Mack 2001b, Mack 2004a, and Mack 2004b). It is intended to be used to standardize vegetation sampling techniques for the development and use of wetland biological assessments using vascular plants as an indicator species. The methods outlined here can also be used in other situations including monitoring mitigation wetlands or for more general plant community characterization. This manual documents methods used in the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency's wetland program. The vegetation sampling procedures were adapted from methods developed for the North Carolina Vegetation Survey as described in Peet et al. (1998). Their method has been used at over 3000 sites for over ten years by the North Carolina Vegetation Survey. Ohio EPA has sampled nearly plots between 1999-2006, including reference wetlands, mitigation banks, and individual mitigation wetlands. The most typical application of the method employs a set of 10 modules in a 20m x 50m layout. Within the site to be surveyed, the 20m x 50m grid is located such that the long axis of the plot is oriented to minimize the environmental heterogeneity within the plot. For very large natural wetlands or large mitigation or restoration sites, e.g. mitigation bank sites, a randomized variation was developed in which a standard 2 x 5 plot with 10 modules is taken apart and individual 10 x 10m modules randomly placed across the wetland or mitigation being sampled. Plot location rules were developed for consistent location of plots. Finally, steps for reducing and analyzing the data collected are outlined. vii INTRODUCTION al. 1998). By 1999, it became apparent that many of Background the more successful attributes were associated This field manual documents sampling, with measures of dominance or abundance, e.g. laboratory, and data analysis procedures necessary percent cover, density (stems/ha), etc. However, to calculate the Vegetation Index of Biotic using the transect-belt method, 30% to 60% of the Integrity for wetlands (Mack 2004b, Mack and plants observed had only presence/absence data Micacchion 2006). It is intended to be used to associated with them (Mack et al. 2000). There standardize and document vegetation sampling were also other problems. First, the area sampled techniques for the development and use of wetland to characterize forested communities appeared to biological assessments using vascular plants as an be too small. The forestry literature recommends indicator species. The methods outlined here can 400-1000m2 as minimum area to adequately also be used in other situations including characterize eastern forest communities (Peet et al. monitoring mitigation wetlands or for more 1998). Second, the transect method often passed general plant community characterization in through several different plant communities, wetland and upland plant communities. This homogenizing the vegetation data for wetlands manual documents methods used in the Ohio with multiple plant communities. Finally, the Environmental Protection Agency's wetland transect method appeared to overemphasize program. wetland “edge” species. Because of this, Ohio The Ohio EPA began evaluating
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