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Freiheit Vor Ort Dobusch Forsterleitner Hiesmair (Hg.): Freiheit vor Ort Open Source Press, München – http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-sa/2.0/at/legalcode Dobusch et al. (Hg.) "Freiheit vor Ort", München, Open Source Press 2011 Leonhard Dobusch Christian Forsterleitner Manuela Hiesmair (Hg.) Freiheit vor Ort Handbuch kommunale Netzpolitik Open Source Press, München – http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-sa/2.0/at/legalcode Alle in diesem Buch enthaltenen Programme, Darstellungen und Informationen wurden nach bestem Wissen erstellt. Dennoch sind Fehler nicht ganz auszuschließen. Aus diesem Grunde sind die in dem vorliegenden Buch enthaltenen Informationen mit keiner Verpflichtung oder Garantie irgendeiner Art verbunden. Autor(en), Herausgeber, Übersetzer und Verlag übernehmen infolgedessen keine Verantwor- tung und werden keine daraus folgende Haftung übernehmen, die auf irgendeine Art aus der Benutzung dieser Informationen – oder Teilen davon – entsteht, auch nicht für die Verletzung von Patentrechten, die daraus resultieren können. Ebenso wenig übernehmen Autor(en) und Verlag die Gewähr dafür, dass die beschriebenen Verfahren usw. frei von Schutzrechten Dritter sind. Die in diesem Werk wiedergegebenen Gebrauchsnamen, Handelsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen usw. werden ohne Gewährleistung der freien Verwendbarkeit benutzt und können auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung eingetragene Marken oder Warenzeichen sein und als solche den gesetzlichen Bestim- mungen unterliegen. Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. 2011, Open Source Press, München Bearbeitete Neuauflage des Bandes „Freie Netze. Freies Wissen.“, Echo media verlag ges.m.b.h., Wien 2007. Sämtliche Texte dieses Buches stehen unter der Lizenz „Creative Commons, Namensnennung – Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 2.0“ http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-sa/2.0/at/legalcode Gesamtlektorat: Dr. Markus Wirtz Satz: Open Source Press (LATEX) Umschlaggestaltung: Olga Saborov, Open Source Press Gesamtherstellung: Kösel, Krugzell ISBN(E-Book,PDF)978-3-941841-40-6 http://www.opensourcepress.de Dobusch et al. (Hg.) "Freiheit vor Ort", München, Open Source Press 2011 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort der HerausgeberInnen 9 1 Freie Funknetze: Kommunale Kämpfe gegen „Digitale Spaltung“ 11 1.1 DigitaleSpaltungen ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. 13 1.2 DasAusmaßdigitalerUngleichheit . 14 1.3 PolitischeHerausforderung. 16 1.4 PionierInnen freierNetze:Freifunk . 19 1.5 Öffentliche Gehversuche: Stadtnetze . 20 1.6 FreieNetzealsMöglichkeitsraum . 22 InterviewmitKarinFrohner . 25 InterviewmitVolkerGrassmuck . 29 Projekt: Offene Netze für öffentliche Räume . .. 39 Projekt:Infrastrukturvielfalt . .. 41 Projekt:FreieFunknetze. 43 2 Creative Commmons 45 2.1 Publizierenleichtgemacht! . 46 2.2 Ja,dürfenSiedasdenn?. 47 2.3 WozuUrheberrecht? ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. 47 2.4 Problem ................................. 49 2.5 Die„Kriege“derMedienindustrie . 49 2.6 Unsicherheit............................... 50 2.7 DieBibliothekvonAlexandria . 52 2.8 PublicDomain ............................. 53 2.9 Nichtwarten,starten .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. 54 2.10 Maßgeschneiderte Lizenz in drei Schritten . .. 56 Open Source Press, München – http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-sa/2.0/at/legalcode 5 Inhaltsverzeichnis 2.11VieleGründe .............................. 57 2.12 KritikanCreativeCommons . 59 InterviewmitLawrenceLessig . 61 InterviewmitGerdaForstner. 65 Projekt: Verwendung und Förderung freier Lizenzen . ... 71 Projekt: Digitalisierung und Öffnung von Archiven . .... 73 Projekt: Bibliotheken als (E-)Book-on-Demand-Service . ...... 75 3 Open Educational Resources in Universitäten und Schulen 77 3.1 OpenCoursewareamMIT . 78 3.2 Open Educational Resources = Durch Vernetzung lernen . 80 3.3 Open Educational Resources gehen um die Welt . 83 3.4 Creative-Commons-Lizenzen als Bindeglied . 85 3.5 Neverstifleagenerousimpulse . 87 3.6 EsbrauchtkeinneuesRad . 89 InterviewmitAnneMargulies . 91 Interview mit Monika Andraschko und Thomas Lumplecker . 97 Projekt: Öffnung der universitären Lehre . .101 Projekt: Open Educational Resources an Schulen . .103 Projekt: Öffentliche Weiterbildung und OER . .105 4 FreieSoftwareimöffentlichenSektor 107 4.1 GeschichtefreierSoftware . .109 4.2 Freevs.OpenSource. .111 4.3 VieleAugensehenmehr. .113 4.4 Wasnichtskostetistnichtswert? . .115 4.5 Geldverdienenmit„Gratis“Software . 116 4.6 FreieSoftwareHürden. .119 4.7 Von destruktivem zukooperativem Wettbewerb . 120 InterviewmitRichardM.Stallman . .123 InterviewmitGeraldKempinger . .127 Projekt: Freie Software verbreiten . 133 Projekt: Freie Software in der Kommunalverwaltung . .135 Projekt: Freie Software für Schulen . 137 6 Dobusch et al. (Hg.) "Freiheit vor Ort", München, Open Source Press 2011 Inhaltsverzeichnis 5 ÖffentlicherRaumimNetz:Blogs,Wikis&Co 139 5.1 FromHighwaytoNetwork . .140 5.2 Brückenbauen .............................141 5.3 BlogsinZahlen .............................144 5.4 Maketheinternetyourown . .144 5.5 VonIndependantzuCorporate . .146 5.6 Zuerstpublizieren, dannselektieren . 148 5.7 EinHauchvonZeitgeist . .151 5.8 PermanenteBaustelle . .152 5.9 TheNextBigFights ..........................153 5.10NetzbürgerInnen . .156 InterviewmitMarkusBeckedahl. .157 InterviewmitGregorKratochwill . .161 Projekt:PublicSpaceServer . .165 Projekt:Wiki-Graffiti„Semapedia“ . 167 Projekt:Wikipediafüttern. .169 6 FreierZugangzuForschung:WegezuOpenAccess 171 6.1 Die Praxis wissenschaftlichen Publizierens . .173 6.2 GlobaleWissenschaft –globaler Zugang? . 174 6.3 „Grüne“und„Goldene“Wege . .175 6.4 Open-Access-Initiativen und -Verzeichnisse . .177 6.5 Universitäre Leistungsbeurteilung und Open Access . .178 6.6 Wersolldasallesbezahlen? . .180 6.7 Hürden fürfreie Forschungspublikationen . 181 6.8 Fachzeitschriftenzue-Journals . 182 6.9 DiePotentialevonOpenAccess . .183 InterviewmitGerhardFröhlich . .185 InterviewmitMelissaHagemann . .191 Projekt: Open-Access-Repositorien einrichten . .195 Projekt:OpenAccessAward . .197 Projekt: Kommunale Open-Access-Wissenschaftsförderung . .199 Open Source Press, München – http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-sa/2.0/at/legalcode 7 Inhaltsverzeichnis 7 DasWebalsKompetenz-undForschungsfeld 201 7.1 Allesanders? ..............................202 7.2 WebimSchulunterricht . .204 7.3 Web- und Medienkompetenz in der LehrerInnenausbildung . .206 7.4 Pilotprojekte zuMedienkompetenz 2.0. 206 7.5 Entstehungder„ScienceoftheWeb“ . .208 7.6 WaserforschtWebwissenschaft? . .209 7.7 Regionales Potential für Webwissenschaft . .210 InterviewmitWendyHall . .213 InterviewmitJohannHöller . .219 Projekt: Institut und Studium der Webwissenschaft . .227 Projekt:WebalsUnterrichtsprinzip . 229 Projekt: Lokale Forschungsprojekte zum Web . 231 8 Open Government als kommunale Herausforderung und Chance 233 8.1 Vom Internet-Präsidenten zu Open Government . 235 8.2 KommunikationundTransparenz . .237 8.3 Datenbefreien:OpenData . .238 8.4 VonOpenDatazuOpenCommons . .240 8.5 Crowdsourcing am Weg zur E-Demokratie? . 242 8.6 Fazit....................................246 InterviewmitDavidEaves . .247 InterviewmitGustavPomberger . .251 Projekt: Kommunale Daten zu Open Data machen . 257 Projekt:CrowdsourcingmitGeodaten . .259 Projekt: Regionale Commons-Potentiale ausloten . .261 Team 263 Bildnachweise 265 8 Dobusch et al. (Hg.) "Freiheit vor Ort", München, Open Source Press 2011 Vorwort der HerausgeberInnen Dieses Buch ist eine Einladung zum Remix. Verstanden als kreative Schöp- fung unter Rückgriff auf bestehende Ideen und Werke, ist Remix die Kultur- technik des digitalen Zeitalters schlechthin. In den verschiedensten Berei- chen versuchen Initiativen, die Chancen digitaler Technologien für kreative Rekombination zu nutzen, indem sie den Zugang zu vorhandenen Inhalten erleichtern. Immer mehr Menschen wirken mittels „sozialer Software“ zu- sammen und erstellen gemeinsam Güter wie die freie Online-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia oder beteiligen sich über Blogs an zivilgesellschaftlichem Dis- kurs. An Universitäten und Schulen machen Lehrende auf der ganzen Welt ihre Lehr- und Lernunterlagen als „Open Educational Resources“ frei on- line zugänglich. Creative Commons wiederum bietet Kunst- und Kultur- schaffenden aller Bereiche einfache Lizenzwerkzeuge, mit denen sie die di- gitale Verbreitung und Weiterverwendung ihrer Werke fördern können. So steht auch dieser Band unter einer Creative-Commons-Lizenz, die kosten- lose Verbreitung ebenso wie Erweiterung, Überarbeitung und Verbesserung zulässt – solange die abgeleiteten Werke ebenfalls wieder frei im Internet zugänglich gemacht werden. Die Einladung zum Remix gilt aber insbesondere für die insgesamt 24 Pro- jektvorschläge zur Umsetzung auf kommunaler Ebene, die am Ende der einzelnen Kapitel skizziert werden. Denn nirgendwo sonst gilt der Spruch „global denken, lokal handeln“ mehr, als wenn es um die Potentiale von und Gefahren für die neuen digitalen Freiheiten des Internets geht. Das beginnt bei Grundvoraussetzungen wie dem möglichst freien und gleich- berechtigten Zugang zum Internet und hört bei transparenter Verwaltung („Open Government“) noch lange nicht auf. Die Projektvorschläge sind we- niger Patentrezepte als vielmehr Ideen, die zum Adaptieren, Ausprobieren und Weiterdenken einladen sollen. Dieses Buch ist selbst ein Remix. Ungefähr die Hälfte der Texte basieren auf Kapiteln des 2007 erschienen
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