Journal of Parapsychology
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J ournal of P araP sychology r hine r esearch c enter Volume 82, Number 2 Fall 2018 ISSN 0022-3387 95 Journal of Parapsychology Volume 82, Number 2 Fall 2018 ISSN 0022-3387 96 Journal of Parapsychology Editor-in-Chief Previous Editors Etzel Cardeña, Lund University, Sweden Founding editors: William McDougall and Joseph Banks Rhine. Past editors: Betty M. Humphrey, Gardner F. Murphy, John A. Associate Editors Palmer, Dorothy H. Pope, J. G. Pratt, K. Ramakrishna Rao, Lou- John Palmer, Rhine Research Center, USA isa E. Rhine, Bernard F. Riess, W. G. Roll, C. E. Stuart Chris A. Roe, University of Northampton, UK Caroline Watt, University of Edinburgh, UK Editorial Staff Statistical Associate Editor Nikolaos Koumartzis, Layout Editing Jessica Utts, University of California, Irvine, USA Robert Gebelein, Business Manager Book Reviews Editor Shawnee Phillips, Finances Carlos Alvarado, Sofia University. The Journal of Parapsychology, founded in 1937, is published Editorial Board 2-3 times a year by The Rhine Research Center, 2741 Cam- Carl Martin Alwood, University of Gothenburg, Sweden pus Walk Ave., Building 500, Durham, NC 27705. The Journal Pascal Baseilhac, Ki France, Tours, France publishes original reports of experimental research in parapsy- Vilfredo De Pascalis, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Italy chology, as well as research reviews, methodological, theoret- Renaud Evrard, University of Lorraine, France ical, and historical papers, abstracts, and selected invited ad- Miguel Farias, Coventry University, UK dresses from Parapsychological Association conventions, book Morris Freedman, University of Toronto, Canada. reviews, and letters. Christopher C. French, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK Harvey Irwin, University of New England, Australia Print and electronic version of the Journal are available. Infor- Graham Jamieson, University of New England, Australia mation on subscriptions: http://www.rhine.org/what-we-do/ Menas Kafatos, Chapman University, USA journal-of-parapsychology.html. Orders for subscriptions or Edward F. Kelly, University of Virginia Health System, USA back issues, correspondence, and changes of address: jour- Jeffrey J. Kripal, Rice University, USA [email protected], or Journal of Parapsychology, 2741 Campus Mark Leary, Duke University, USA Walk Ave., Building 500, Durham, NC 27705. Postmaster: Send Tanya Marie Luhrmann, Stanford University, USA address changes to the Journal of Parapsychology, 2741 Cam- David Luke, University of Greenwich, UK pus Walk Ave., Building 500, Durham, NC 27705. Subscribers: Steven Jay Lynn, Binghamton University (SUNY) Send change of address notice 30 days prior to the actual David Marcusson-Clavertz, Pennsylvania State University, USA change of. The Journal will not replace undelivered copies re- Gerhard Mayer, Institut für Grenzgebiete der Psychologie sulting from address changes. und Psychohygiene, Germany Copyright and permission. Authorization to photocopy Christine Mohr, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland items for internal or personal use, or the internal or person- K. Ramakrishna Rao, GITAM University, India. al use of specific clients, is granted by the Rhine Research Robert Rosenthal, Harvard University, USA Center, provided that the base fee is paid directly to Cop- Stefan Schmidt, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany yright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA Christine Simmonds-Moore, University of West Georgia, USA 01923, www.copyright.com. For organizations that have Jerry Solfvin, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, USA been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate sys- Paul Stoller, West Chester University, USA tem of payment has been arranged. The Journal is the offi- Rex G. Stanford, St. John’s University, USA cial publication of the Parapsychological Association, and Patrizio Tressoldi, Università di Padova, Italy is indexed in CROSSREF, EBSCO, PSYCINFO and SCOPUS. Mario Varvoglis, Institut Métapsychique International, Paris, Copyright © 2018 by the Rhine Research Center France Max Velmans, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK ISSN: 0022-338 Robin Wooffitt, The University of York, UK Wellington Zangari, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil 97 97 Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 82, No. 2 © 2018, The Rhine Research Center Table of Contents Editorial 99 ψυχή Is a Woman Etzel Cardeña In Memoriam 102 Michael Persinger Stanley Krippner Articles Abstracts from the 61st Annual Convention of the PA 104 Various Eleanor M. Sidgwick 127 Carlos S. Alvarado Training Anomalous Cognition in a Motor Task with Subliminal Auditory Feedback 132 John Palmer Pondering a Journey to the Far Reaches of Mind: An Essay Review of 148 Transcendent Mind Rex Stanford Measuring Organizational Closure in the MPI/GQT/CMM Context 198 Ian Tierney, Caroline Watt, and Anna Flores Book Reviews A walk through the manifold world of coincidences. A Review of 204 The Many Faces of Coincidence By Lawrence Browne Gerhard Mayer Extraordinary Physical Phenomena in Poland. A Review of 208 Other Realities: The Enigma of Franek Kluski’s Mediumship By Zofia Weaver Erlendur Haraldsson 98 A Clearly Presented Account of Iceland’s Most Famous Medium. A Review of 210 Indridi Indridason: The Icelandic Physical Medium By Erlendur Haraldsson and Lofus R. Gissurarson Tom Ruffles Correspondence Forgetting the Past 213 Nancy L. Zingrone and Carlos S. Alvarado Volume 81 Reviewers 216 Instruction to Authors 217 We thank the following for their translations of the abstracts: Eberhard Bauer (German), Etzel Cardeña (Spanish), and Renaud Evrard (French). 99 Journal of Parapsychology © The Rhine Research Center 2018, Vol. 82, No. 2, 99-101 http://doi.org/10.30891/jopar.2018.02.01 Editorial: ψυχή Is a Woman Etzel Cardeña The title of this editorial begins with the word psyché, an etymology for both psychology and par- apsychology. The Greek word has been translated as mind or soul, as well as being the name of one of the characters in the myth of Cupid and Psyche in The Metamorphoses (also known as The Golden Ass), the Classical Roman novel of Apuleius, written in the second century AD. With some poetic license, the story of Psyche’s travails partly resembles that of parapsychology. The beautiful (para) Psyche is pro- hibited by her divine husband Cupid (or Eros) to see him (he only visits at night and their interactions occur in darkness). When, despite his injunction, Psyche decides, candle in hand, to venture into the mystery while Cupid is asleep and look at his face, she discovers a beautiful young man but lets some candle wax fall on his shoulder (or a much more sensitive part in some accounts). She is summarily exiled and is tasked by the mother of Cupid, Venus, to complete four impossible tasks before she is accepted again. Her tasks are not that dissimilar from those facing parapsychology, which dared to investigate a forbidden realm to then be mostly exiled from mainstream science. Currently the field faces apparently insurmountables hurdles, being expected by some to produce far more convincing evidence than is required for other topics while simultaneously being impeded by lack of funding, recognition, and dog- matic journal editors (e.g., Cardeña, 2015). To propose a simile is not the purpose of this editorial, though, but to highlight the at-times ne- glected contribution by women to the field (Alvarado, 1989). I encouraged Carlos Alvarado to write a profile of the extraordinary Eleanor Sidgwick, a foundational figure of psychical research and mathemat- ical analyst for early endeavors of the field, besides being a Principal at Newham College in Cambridge. Some years ago, I found out about her in an authoritative treatise on the founders of psychical research (Gauld, 1968), and read some of her very lucid papers and monographs (e.g., Sidgwick, 1885; 1915). Her clear and sharp reasoning weighed very carefully the evidence for and against various phenomena before arriving to a position, a strategy that I wish many more pro- and anti-psi authors would follow. Yet, most accounts of the early days of psychical research emphasize the contributions of men such as her husband, Henry Sidgwick, Myers, James, and a few others while, and this will come as no surprise to many of my readers, neglecting or undervaluing the contributions by women. Similarly, the attention paid to the landmark research on spontaneous events by Louisa E. Rhine (e.g., Rhine, L. E., 1977) pales in comparison to that paid to the experimental program of her husband Joseph Banks Rhine. And the list should be extended. Has the field fully acknowledged the essential early contributions of the “subjects” Mrs. Piper, Mrs. Leonard, and other women mediums/shamans? And where would the field be without the decades-long funding and organizational contribution of Eileen Garrett and her daughter and granddaughter through the Parapsychology Foundation? To these 100 CARDEÑA should be added the extraordinary contributions on the psychology of psi by Gertrude Schmeidler (e.g., Schmeidler, 1958) and Rhea White (White, 1977), as well as leading analyses and research in our days by Julie Beischel (e.g., Beischel & Schwartz, 2007), Emily Williams Kelly (e.g., 2007), Antonia Mills (e.g., 2014), Julia Mossbridge (e.g., Mossbridge, Tressoldi, & Utts, 2012), Marilyn Schlitz (e.g., Schlitz, Wiseman, Watt, & Radin, 2006), Jessica Utts (e.g., 2015), Caroline Watt (e.g., 2016), and Nancy Zingrone (e.g., 1988), among others. Some of them participated in a Parapsychology Foundation meeting in 1991 dedicated to “Women in Parapsychology,” which also included two contributions