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Performing the Township: Pantsula for Life Master of Arts Rhodes University

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Performing the Township: Pantsula for Life Master of Arts Rhodes University View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS) Performing the Township: Pantsula for Life A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Of Rhodes University By Heather van Niekerk January 2017 Abstract Pantsula dance is a performing art born from the townships of Johannesburg. It is a dance form performed across South Africa, in a variety of contexts; in theatres, music videos and competitions in community halls, on national and international stages and on television, and in the streets of townships, cities and suburbs across South Africa and abroad. Its performance is widespread, but it has its beginnings as a dance form born in areas created to marginalise and oppress. There is a scarcity of academic scholarship related to pantsula dance. This thesis aims to be a contribution to that pre-existing body of knowledge in the hope that there can be further engagement on this important, and increasingly mainstream, art form. I have focused my thesis on analysing pantsula dance as a performance of 'the township'. This has been attempted through an ethnographic engagement with pantsula dancers based in different township areas of Johannesburg and Graha mstown: various members of Impilo Mapantsula, Via Katlehong, Intellectuals Pantsula, Via Kasi Movers, Dlala Majimboz and the cast of Via Katlehong's Via Sophiatown. The research was conducted between 2013 and 2016 and serves to represent various moments within the ethnographic research process, while coming to understand various aspects of pantsula dance. An engagement with notions of 'the township', the clothing choices of the pantsula 'uniform', the core moves, inherent hybridity in the form itself, and the dedication to the dance form as a representation of the isipantsula 'way of life', are addressed throughout the thesis. As well as engaging with the memory and representation of Sophiatown as an important component to pantsula dance. Pantsula dance, an intrinsically South African dance form, provides a celebratory conception of 'the township' space and allows people from different backgrounds to engage in an important part of South Africa's past, present and future. ii Contents Abstract.............................................................................................................................. i Contents.............................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements...........................................................................................................iv Chapter 1: Introduction...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Context of research....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 What is pantsula dance?.........................................................................................................3 1.1.2 Situating myself as researcher...............................................................................................7 1.2 Methodology and research design.............................................................................................. 10 1.3 Literature......................................................................................................................................13 1.4 Chapters.......................................................................................................................................17 Chapter 2: Kasi, Loxion, Township: Pantsula dance as a performance of places specific to South Africa..................................................................................................................... 19 2.1 The township...............................................................................................................................20 2.1.1 Conceptions of space and place...........................................................................................27 2.2 Performance of the township......................................................................................................30 2.2.1 Dress code.............................................................................................................................31 2.2.2 The moves.............................................................................................................................35 2.2.3 A hybridised dance form.......................................................................................................39 2.3 Conclusion................................................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 3: 'Via Sophiatown': Memory and Representations of the History of Pantsula Dance.............................................................................................................................. 44 3.1 The 'vibrant era' - Marabi and 'shebeen society'....................................................................... 46 3.1.1 The History............................................................................................................................46 3.2 Sophiatown.................................................................................................................................. 52 3.3 The memory-based conception of Sophiatown......................................................................... 54 3.4 The creation of the 'Sophiatown Imaginary'...............................................................................57 3.4.1 The role of Drum magazine in the Sophiatown imaginary.................................................. 57 3.5 Representations of Sophiatown...................................................................................................61 3.5.1 Via Sophiatown..................................................................................................................... 62 3.6 Conclusion................................................................................................................................... 69 Chapter 4: Adaptation: Redefining Pantsula Dance and 'the Township'............................71 4.1 Indigenous dances, to urban dance, to street dance, to performing art..................................72 4.1.1 A Performing Art - Pantsula on Stage.................................................................................. 75 4.2 Shifts in the isipantsula "way of life'............................................................................................80 4.3 The Businessman: Sello Modiga...................................................................................................89 4.4 The Battle: Just Stand Up And Dance..........................................................................................93 4.5 'Car'versations with Bongani.......................................................................................................98 4.6 Conclusion..................................................................................................................................102 Chapter 5: A Complex and Varied Celebration................................................................103 5.1 'The Township', Pantsula Dance and Performance................................................................... 104 5.1.1 The Township......................................................................................................................104 5.1.2 Pantsula Dance................................................................................................................... 106 5.1.3 Performance........................................................................................................................107 5.2 Three Inquiries...........................................................................................................................107 Interviews...................................................................................................................... 111 References..................................................................................................................... 112 Appendix A .................................................................................................................... 124 Appendix B..................................................................................................................... 124 Acknowledgements I am so grateful for so many people who have helped to make this thesis possible. My supervisor, Dr. Lee Watkins, has constantly encouraged me to perform to the best of my abilities. All the people who have a passion for pantsula dance and who have taken the time to sit and talk with me. My friends and family who have unfailingly encouraged me throughout the research and writing process. I would like to dedicate my thesis to Thozamile 'Rocky' Mngcongo, whose spirit lives on in all who knew him and loved him. His passion for pantsula dance helped me to continue with my research and it is his memory that has encouraged me in the most difficult times of this process. iv Chapter 1 Introduction The street he moves in is dusty. Clouds of sand kick up alongside the blur of his red, Converse All Stars. His knees bend and stretch in his beige Dickies pants but one hardly notices; the focus is on the navy blue spotie he deftly
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