LIGANDROL Comprometimento Ósseo

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LIGANDROL Comprometimento Ósseo Apresenta ação anabólica com poucos efeitos androgênicos e virilizantes Auxilia no tratamento de condições onde há perda de massa muscular e LIGANDROL comprometimento ósseo Promove a hipertrofia e aumenta a força muscular O QUE É? RA especialmente pelos ligantes exógenos, como os esteróides anabolizantes androgênicos (EAA), pode estar envolvida com o O ligandrol, também conhecido como anabolicum ou LGD- desenvolvimento de patologias na próstata, coração e fígado. Isto 4033, é caracterizado como um modulador seletivo do receptor porque, o receptor RA está expresso em diferentes tecidos, o que de androgênio (SARM) de estrutura não esteroidal que atua de de certa forma limita o uso terapêutico dos EAA em condições forma seletiva sobre os tecidos que expressam os receptores mais específicas como sarcopenia, caquexia associada à doenças androgênicos (RA). Por sua especificidade e alta afinidade ao como câncer, osteoporose e hipogonadismo. RA, tem sido demonstrado que o ligandrol apresenta atividade anabólica no músculo e anti – reabsortiva e anabólica no tecido Com o intuito de contornar possíveis limitações que resultam da ósseo, ao passo que apresenta efeitos androgênicos mínimos ativação global dos RA, os moduladores seletivos de receptores sobre próstata, couro cabeludo e pele. 1 androgênicos, também conhecidos como SARMs, do inglês Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators, tem sido objeto de Os SARMs como o ligandrol e ostarine, têm sido avaliados como estudo uma vez que parecem ativar os RA de maneira específica uma alternativa eficaz e segura para o tratamento de perda e seletiva em determinados tecidos, reduzindo também a de massa muscular associada ao envelhecimento e a outras ocorrência de efeitos colaterais indesejados. condições como caquexia decorrente de câncer, osteoporose, fraturas ósseas e queimaduras, em alternativa à testosterona e Dessa forma, atuando como um agonista seletivo tecidual do RA outros esteróides anabolizantes androgênicos (EAA). 2 em tecidos como músculo e ossos, os SARMs não ativariam o RA, ou o fariam minimamente em outros tecidos como próstata O ligandrol tem demonstrado ainda aumentar a força e o ganho de ou vesículas seminais, ampliando os benefícios terapêuticos dos massa muscular melhorando a condição física, sem a ocorrência androgênios, com um melhor perfil de segurança. 4,5 de efeitos colaterais significativos e com boa tolerabilidade.1,3 O ligandrol, também referido como LGD-4033, VK5211 ou O QUE SÃO SARMs? anabolicum, é um SARM não esteroidal com estrutura cíclica pirrolidina benzonitrila, biodisponível oralmente, especialmente Os receptores androgênicos (RA) e seus ligantes endógenos, avaliado por suas propriedades anabólicas e anti-reabsortivas no os androgênios, como testosterona e diidrotestosterona (DHT), tecido ósseo, assim como no aumento do volume e força muscular. desempenham um importante papel na fisiologia de diversos Da mesma forma, como outras classes de SARMs, o ligandrol tem tecidos. No entanto, sob certas circunstâncias, a ativação dos despertado interesse por seu potencial terapêutico em condições como caquexia, sarcopenia e hipogonadismo, bem como músculo esquelético e tecido ósseo - ou de reguladores 6,7 osteoporose e distrofia muscular de Duchenne. negativos com atividade antagonista ou minimamente agonista no RA, como é o esperado no tecido prostático. QUAL O MECANISMO DE AÇÃO DOS SARMs? 2) A alteração conformacional específica no domínio de ligação do RA ao SARM, modulando as interações entre Diversos mecanismos têm sido propostos para explicar proteínas e o receptor e outros co-reguladores envolvidos a seletividade tecidual dos moduladores seletivos de na ativação transcricional gênica ou elementos citosólicos receptores androgênicos, ou SARMs, como o ligandrol.2,5 envolvidos na sinalização não genômica. Dentre estes, podem ser descritos: 3) A seletividade tecidual e a ausência ou mínima interação com enzimas como 5 α-redutase - expressa 1) A regulação da expressão gênica de co-ativadores principalmente na próstata e responsável pela conversão ou co-repressores específicos em determinados tecidos, de testosterona em diidrotestosterona - ou com a enzima controlando a ativação transcricional de genes alvo aromatase P450 (CYP19), que catalisa a conversão de associados aos efeitos anabólicos - como ocorre no testosterona em estradiol. Figura 1 - Representação esquemática do mecanismo de ação dos SARMs envolvendo a regulação da transcrição gênica através da expressão de co-reguladores. O remodelamento da cromatina é uma etapa principal na ativação transcricional de genes. Um agonista total, como o DHT, promove uma conformação com co-ativadores que permite a transcrição de genes em todos os tecidos nos quais o RA é expresso. Já os SARMs, apresentam co-ativadores e co-repressores que estão relacionados à especificidade tissular e à seletividade de ativação dos RA. Adaptado de NARAYANAN et al. 2018. EVIDÊNCIAS NA LITERATURA Um estudo duplo cego controlado por placebo conduzido muscular através do teste de repetição máxima (1-RM) e por Basaria e colaboradores procurou avaliar a segurança e velocidade e tempo de escalada. Na população estudada, tolerabilidade de doses crescentes de ligandrol (0,1, 0,3 ou foi possível observar uma tendência dose dependente 1,0 mg) administrado por 21 dias para homens saudáveis no aumento na massa magra e na funcionalidade das com idade entre 21 e 50 anos. A função hepática, os estruturas corporais, em concordância com a atividade anabólica níveis séricos de hormônios sexuais e outros parâmetros atribuída ao ligandrol. O tempo de meia vida prolongado, de 24 bioquímicos foram monitorados durante o período de a 36 horas, torna viável a administração de ligandrol uma vez ao tratamento e subsequentemente por cinco semanas. dia. Não foram observadas alterações significativas nos Adicionalmente, foram avaliados os efeitos do tratamento com marcadores bioquímicos avaliados e nenhum efeito adverso ligandrol sobre a composição corporal através de densitometria grave foi relatado. 1,3 por dupla emissão de raios-X (DEXA), assim como a força É importante ressaltar que o delineamento deste estudo Massa Corporal Magra Figura 2 - Média de ganho massa magra (kg) com a administração de três doses (0,1, 0,3 e 1 mg) de ligandrol em comparação ao placebo (PBO) durante 28 dias. *p=0,047 em relação ao PBO. Adaptado de BASARIA et. al. 2013. não teve como objetivo primário demonstrar a eficácia do ativo sobre o aumento da massa muscular esquelética e melhora da função física. Para tanto, seriam necessários desenhos experimentais de maior duração e com um maior número de participantes. A atividade anabólica do ligandrol sobre o tecido ósseo foi demonstrada através de um estudo clínico de fase II ainda não publicado, apresentado na Reunião Anual da Sociedade Americana para Pesquisa de Osso e Minerais (ASBMR, 2018). Pacientes idosos em recuperação após cirurgia por fratura de quadril receberam doses diárias de ligandrol (0,5, 1,0 ou 2,0 mg) por um período de 12 semanas, sendo possível observar melhoras não apenas nos parâmetros funcionais, como um aumento na distância percorrida a pé em relação ao grupo controle, mas ainda aprimoramento da composição antropométrica, especialmente relacionada ao aumento da massa muscular esquelética - em torno de 9,0% em relação ao grupo controle. A expressão do marcador sérico P1NP (pró-peptídeo pró-colágeno tipo I) relacionado à osteogênese também foi maior no grupo que recebeu ligandrol. Não foram relatados efeitos adversos nas doses avaliadas, o que evidencia o potencial terapêutico do ligandrol em condições nas quais há fragilidade muscular e óssea, o que pode comprometer a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. 8 Ensaios pré-clínicos também têm sido conduzidos para explorar o potencial terapêutico do ligandrol, de forma que a intervenção com este ativo aumentou a densidade mineral óssea e reduziu o turnover ósseo em modelos de osteoporose pós-menopausa. O ligandrol foi capaz de aumentar o diâmetro das fibras musculares e assim, a contratilidade gerada por estas, aumentando a força muscular em modelos animais, sem que fosse observada hiperplasia prostática nas diferentes doses testadas, ao contrário do que se costuma se observar com o uso de EAA. 9 Mais estudos continuam sendo realizados para que os mecanismos relacionados à ação do ligandrol sejam elucidados e seu potencial terapêutico continue sendo explorado, dada sua segurança, tolerabilidade e ação seletiva sobre os tecidos musculares e ósseos. SUGESTÃO POSOLÓGICA: USO ORAL: 1 a 10 mg ao dia OBSERVAÇÕES Assim como outros SARMs, a administração de ligandrol pode alterar as enzimas hepáticas TGO e TPG de forma leve e transitória, como também afetar negativamente o perfil lipídico, com redução do HDL. Pode ainda haver supressão da produção endógena de testosterona, de forma dose dependente, que costumar retornar à condição fisiológica após a suspensão do uso, assim como retenção hídrica. IMPORTANTE Ligandrol (LGD-4033) figura na Lista de Substâncias e Métodos Proibidos da Agência Mundial Antidopagem (WADA). Seu uso por atletas é proibido durante e fora do período de competição. Este insumo deve ser utilizado sob orientação médica Informativo destinado a profissionais da saúde. LITERATURAS CONSULTADAS 1. Basaria S, Collins L, Dillon EL, et al. The Safety , Pharmacokinetics , and Effects of Androgen Receptor Modulator , in Healthy Young Men. 2013;68(1):87-95. doi:10.1093/gerona/gls078 2. Naafs MAB. Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators ( SARMs ): A Mini-Review. 2018;1(1):1-7.
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  • TEXAS RACING COMMISSION January 28, 2021 To
    TEXAS RACING COMMISSION P. O. Box 12080, Austin, Texas 78711-2080 8505 Cross Park Drive, Suite 110, Austin, Texas 78754-4552 Phone (512) 833-6699 Fax (512) 833-6907 www.txrc.texas.gov January 28, 2021 To: Stewards, Commission Veterinarians, Test Barn Supervisors, Practicing Veterinarians, Owners, and Trainers From: Chuck Trout, Executive Director Re: Effective February 25, 2021 changes to the following documents: • Permissible Levels of Therapeutic Medications and Naturally Occurring Substances • Equine Medication Classification Policy and Penalty Guidelines • Equine Medication Classification List. This memo is to provide notice that the above listed documents are to be replaced effective this date. The changes include, but are not limited to: • Changes to the list of Permissible Levels of Therapeutic Medications and Naturally Occurring Substances; • Changes to the Equine Medication Classification Policy and Penalty Guidelines; • Changes to the Equine Medication Classification List. These documents are subject to further revision at any time. Test Barn Supervisors - please post this memo and the revised documents in the test barn as soon as possible. Also, please distribute copies of the Permissible Levels of Therapeutic Medications and Naturally Occurring Substances and Equine Medication Classification List to the practicing veterinarians at your racetrack. Licensing Staff - please post this memo and the revised documents where they may be viewed by the public as soon as possible. Copies of these documents will be made available on the Commission's website at http://www.txrc.texas.gov. Attachments: Permissible Levels of Therapeutic Medications and Naturally Occurring Substances Equine Medication Classification Policy and Penalty Guidelines Equine Medication Classification List TEXAS RACING COMMISSION P.
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